El desarrollo de la estética y las teorías del arte en el siglo xx adquiere una fisonomía directamente condicionada por la evolución de los movimientos artísticos y literarios. Siendo habitual que las ideas estéticas respondan a los problemas planteados por las obras, su recepción e interpretación, es rasgo propio de nuestro siglo el creciente interés de los creadores, artistas, poetas, etc., por la reflexión sobre su propia actividad. El panorama que ofrece la estética del siglo xx se ha enriquecido con experiencias inesperadas y ha puesto en juego contribuciones desde muy diferentes perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas. El papel jugado por las vanguardias debe articularse con el auge de los estudios disciplinares y la evolución de la crítica. Todo ello, sin olvidar la respuesta social, su incidencia en el mundo cotidiano y en las interpretaciones, individuales o colectivas, de esa cotidianidad.

Cuatro son los ejes que organizan el presente volumen. En el primero ocupan un lugar central los problemas relativos al lenguaje, a la consideración del lenguaje del arte y del arte como una forma de lenguaje. El segundo atiende a la conexión entre arte y sociedad y a las explicaciones que esta cuestión ha suscitado: desde la que Gerard Vilar denomina «estética de la producción» hasta la «estética de la recepción», analizada por Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina. Los estudios disciplinares -sociología del arte, iconología, formalismo, pura visualidad, etc.– son el tema abordado en tercer lugar. Estos estudios, que, como se comprende bien, no son ajenos a las cuestiones anteriores, han alcanzado en nuestro siglo un amplio desarrollo. Por último, se concede especial atención al conjunto de problemas que suelen englobarse en el marco de la postmodernidad, empezando por el mismo concepto de postmodernidad. La evolución de la crítica literaria, las teorías de la arquitectura y las que Estrella de Diego denomina «figuras de la diferencia» concluyen esta historia.

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