Kitabı oku: «Collins Easy Learning Irish Verbs: Trusted support for learning»

Cóipcheart / Copyright

Published by Collins

An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers

Westerhill Road

Bishopbriggs

Glasgow G64 2QT

Second Edition 2017

© HarperCollins Publishers 2011, 2017

Collins® is a registered trademark of HarperCollins Publishers Limited

collins.co.uk/languagesupport

Typeset by Davidson Publishing Solutions, Glasgow

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins.

Entered words that we have reason to believe constitute trademarks have been designated as such. However, neither the presence nor absence of such designation should be regarded as affecting the legal status of any trademark.

The contents of this publication are believed correct at the time of creation. Nevertheless, the Publisher can accept no responsibility for errors or omissions, changes in the detail given or for any expense or loss thereby caused.

HarperCollins does not warrant that any website mentioned in this title will be provided uninterrupted, that any website will be error free, that defects will be corrected, or that the website or the server that makes it available are free of viruses or bugs. For full terms and conditions please refer to the site terms provided on the website.

If you would like to comment on any aspect of this book, please contact us at the given address or online.

E-mail: dictionaries@harpercollins.co.uk

facebook.com/collinsdictionary

@collinsdict

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank those authors and publishers who kindly gave permission for copyright material to be used in the Collins Corpus. We would also like to thank Times Newspapers Ltd for providing valuable data.

E-book Edition © August 2017

ISBN 9780008142032

Version: 2017-06-13

Clár / Contents

Clúdach / Cover

Leathanach Teidil / Title Page

Cóipcheart / Copyright

Noda / Abbreviations

Canúintí na Gaeilge / Irish Dialects

Na hEochairbhriathra / The Key Verbs

Réamhrá / Introduction

Táblaí na mBriathra / Verb Tables

Aguisín A / Appendix A

Achoimre Gramadaí / Grammar Synopsis

Faoin Údar / About the Author

Maidir leis an bhFoilsitheoir / About the Publisher

Abbreviations		Noda
C	Connaught	Cúige Chonnacht
M	Munster	Cúige Mumhan
U	Ulster	Cúige Uladh
CO	Official Standard	Caighdeán Oifigiúil
aut.	autonomous	saorbhriathar
dep.	dependent form	foirm spleách
dial.	dialect	canúint
indep.	independent form	foirm neamhspleách
pl	plural	uimhir iolra
rel.	relative form	foirm choibhneasta
	in the independent	neamhspleách
sg	singular	uimhir uatha
var	variant	leagan malartach

Canúintí na Gaeilge / Irish Dialects

Na hEochairbhriathra / The Key Verbs

1	abair	say
2	aithin	recognise
3	aithris	imitate
4	amharc	look
5	at	swell
6	athraigh	change
7	báigh	drown
8	bailigh	gather
9	bain	cut, win
10	beannaigh	bless
11	beir	bear
12	bí	be
13	is	the copula
14	bog	move
15	bris	break
16	brúigh	press, push
17	caill	lose
18	caith	spend, wear
19	cas	twist, turn
20	ceangail	tie
21	ceannaigh	buy
22	cloígh	defeat
23	clois = cluin U	hear
24	codail	sleep
25	coinnigh	keep
26	cruaigh	harden
27	cruinnigh	collect
28	cuir	put
29	dathaigh	colour
30	déan	do, make
31	díol	sell
32	dírigh	straighten
33	dóigh	burn
34	druid	close, shut
35	dúisigh	wake up
36	dún	close, shut
37	eagraigh	organise
38	éirigh	get up
39	éist	listen
40	fág	leave
41	faigh	get
42	fan	wait
43	fás	grow
44	feic	see
45	feoigh	rot, decay
46	fiafraigh	ask, enquire
47	fill = pill U	return
48	fliuch	wet, soak
49	foghlaim	learn, teach
50	foilsigh	publish
51	freagair	answer
52	freastail	attend
53	géill	yield
54	glan	clean
55	goirtigh	salt, pickle
56	gortaigh	hurt, injure
57	iarr	ask, request
58	imigh	leave, go off
59	imir	play (game)
60	inis	tell
61	iompair	carry
62	ionsaigh	attack
63	ith	eat
64	labhair	speak
65	las	light
66	léigh	read
67	lig	let, permit
68	maraigh	kill
69	meath	wither, rot
70	mill	destroy, ruin
71	mínigh	explain
72	mionnaigh	swear
73	mol	praise
74	múscail	wake up
75	neartaigh	strengthen
76	nigh	wash
77	oil	train, rear
78	ól	drink
79	ordaigh	order
80	oscail=foscail U	open
81	pacáil	pack
82	pós	marry
83	rith	run
84	roinn = rann	divide
85	sábháil	save
86	scanraigh	frighten
87	scaoil	shoot, loosen
88	scríobh	write
89	seachain	avoid
90	seas	stand
91	sín	stretch
92	sínigh	sign
93	siúil	walk
94	smaoinigh	think
95	socraigh	arrange
96	stampáil	stamp
97	suigh	sit
98	tabhair	give
99	tagair	refer
100	taispeáin	show
101	taistil	travel
102	taitin	shine
103	tar	come
104	tarraing	pull, draw
105	teann	tighten
106	téigh	go
107	tiomáin	drive
108	tit	fall
109	tóg	lift
110	tosaigh	begin
111	trácht	mention
112	triomaigh	dry
113	tuig	understand
114	tuirsigh	tire, exhaust
115	ullmhaigh	prepare

Réamhrá / Introduction

Más foghlaimeoir thú nó más ag iarraidh an mheirg a bhaint de do chuid Gaeilge nó ag ullmhú do scrúduithe atá tú, tá an dá imleabhar Easy Learning Irish Verbs agus a chomhleabhar sraithe Easy Learning Irish Grammar, anseo le cuidiú leat.

Is féidir leis an téarmaíocht theicniúil bac a chur ar fhoghlaimeoirí atá ag iarraidh eolas a chur ar ghramadach theanga nua, ach mínítear na téarmaí seo ina n-iomláine san Easy Learning Irish Grammar. Is uirlis ghasta thagartha é an leabhar Easy Learning Irish Verbs a chuireann táblaí briathra ar fáil don bhunfhoghlaimeoir agus fiú don chainteoir líofa a úsáideann an teanga ar bhonn laethúil ar bhealach simplí soiléir.

Tá Easy Learning Irish Verbs struchtúrtha i ranna a éascóidh úsáid agus tuiscint na mbriathra duit.

Sa chéad roinn tugtar táblaí do 115 eochairbhriathar (idir rialta agus neamhrialta) ina dtugtar na seacht n-aimsir agus modh éagsúla – mar aon leis an ghas/fhréamh, leis an ainm briathartha, agus leis an aidiacht bhriathartha. Is iad an gas agus an t-ainm briathartha an dá chuid is tábhachtaí de bhriathar ar bith – agus cé go n-úsáidtear an aidiacht bhriathartha mar ‘aidiacht’, feicfear níos minice é mar ‘rangabháil chaite’ leis na na haimsirí éagsúla foirfe a dhéanamh. In Aguisín A, i ndiaidh na dtáblaí, tugtar leaganacha Béarla do na leaganacha difriúla den bhriathar a réimnítear i nGaeilge sna táblaí – agus úsáidtear an briathar glan ‘clean’ mar shampla.

Is sa Chaighdeán Oifigiúil a thugtar príomhtháblaí na mbriathra – bíodh go liostáiltear príomhleaganacha canúnacha mar fhonótaí sna táblaí céanna do na trí mhórchanúint: Cúige Uladh, Cúige Chonnacht agus Cúige Mumhan. Cuideoidh seo leis an úsáideoir eolas a chur ar an Chaighdeán Oifigiúil agus ar Gaeilge bheo na Gaeltachta a chluintear go minic fosta sna meáin chumarsáide agus a léitear i litríocht réigiúnach na Nua-Ghaeilge.

Cuireann Achoimre Gramadaí críoch leis an imleabhar seo de Easy Learning Irish Verbs.

Tugann Easy Learning Irish Grammar céim níos faide thú leis an fhoghlaim. Is forlíonadh é ar an méid eolais atá ar fáil in Easy Learning Irish Verbs ag tabhairt tuilleadh léirithe agus treoracha ar úsáid na mbriathra, gan trácht ar ghnéithe eile de ghramadach na Gaeilge. Is cinnte go gcuideoidh an dá leabhar Easy Learning IrishVerbs agus Easy Learning Irish Grammar leatsa, mar fhoghlaimeoir, agus tú ag tabhairt faoin Ghaeilge.

Whether you are starting to learn Irish for the very first time, brushing up your language skills or revising for your exams, the Easy Learning Irish Verbs and its companion volume, the Easy Learning Irish Grammar, are here to help.

Newcomers can sometimes struggle with the technical terms they come across when they start to explore the grammar of a new language but these are explained fully in the Easy Learning Irish Grammar. The Easy Learning Irish Verbs is a handy reference source which presents verb tables for the learner and everyday language user in a simple, uncluttered manner.

Easy Learning IrishVerbs is divided into sections to help you become confident in using and understanding Irish verbs. The first section consists of the verb tables for 115 key Irish verbs (regular and irregular) which are given in full for the various seven tenses and moods – complete with the stem, the verbal noun plus the verbal adjective. The stem and the verbal noun (or infinitive) are the two most important parts of any verb. While the verbal adjective may be used as an ‘adjective’, it will appear more commonly as a ‘past participle’ in forming the various perfect tenses. Appendix A follows the verb tables and gives clear-cut information on the different parts of the Irish verbs conjugated by providing full parallel English translations of all the verbal forms for the sample verb glan ‘clean’.

The main verb tables are presented in the Standard language – however some key variants are provided as footnotes to the tables for the three main dialects of Ulster, Connaught and Munster. This will enable the user to become acquainted with Standard Irish and with the key spoken variants in the Gaeltacht (or ‘Irish-speaking’) areas, often heard on the media, and found in the regional literature of Modern Irish.

A short Grammar Appendix rounds off the volume Easy Learning Irish Verbs.

The Easy Learning Irish Grammar takes you a step further in your language learning. It supplements the information given in the Easy Learning Irish Verbs by offering even more guidance on the usage and meaning of verbs, as well as looking at the most important aspects of Irish grammar. Together, or individually, the Easy Learning titles offer you all the help you need when learning Irish.

Táblaí na mBriathra / Verb Tables

1 abair say

2 aithin recognise

3 aithris imitate

4 amharc look

5 at swell

6 athraigh change

7 báigh drown

8 bailigh gather

9 bain cut, win

10 beannaigh bless

11 beir bear

12 bí be

13 is the copula

14 bog move

15 bris break

16 brúigh press, push

17 caill lose

18 caith spend, wear

19 cas twist, turn

20 ceangail tie

21 ceannaigh buy

22 cloígh defeat

23 clois = cluin U hear

24 codail sleep

25 coinnigh keep

26 cruaigh harden

27 cruinnigh collect

28 cuir put

29 dathaigh colour

30 déan do, make

31 díol sell

32 dírigh straighten

33 dóigh burn

34 druid close, shut

35 dúisigh wake up

36 dún close, shut

37 eagraigh organise

38 éirigh get up

39 éist listen

40 fág leave

41 faigh get

42 fan wait

43 fás grow

44 feic see

45 feoigh rot, decay

46 fiafraigh ask, enquire

47 fill = pill U return

48 fliuch wet, soak

49 foghlaim learn, teach

50 foilsigh publish

51 freagair answer

52 freastail attend

53 géill yield

54 glan clean

55 goirtigh salt, pickle

56 gortaigh hurt, injure

57 iarr ask, request

58 imigh leave, go off

59 imir play (game)

60 inis tell

61 iompair carry

62 ionsaigh attack

63 ith eat

64 labhair speak

65 las light

66 léigh read

67 lig let, permit

68 maraigh kill

69 meath wither, rot

70 mill destroy, ruin

71 mínigh explain

72 mionnaigh swear

73 mol praise

74 múscail wake up

75 neartaigh strengthen

76 nigh wash

77 oil train, rear

78 ól drink

79 ordaigh order

80 oscail=foscail U open

81 pacáil pack

82 pós marry

83 rith run

84 roinn = rann divide

85 sábháil save

86 scanraigh frighten

87 scaoil shoot, loosen

88 scríobh write

89 seachain avoid

90 seas stand

91 sín stretch

92 sínigh sign

93 siúil walk

94 smaoinigh think

95 socraigh arrange

96 stampáil stamp

97 suigh sit

98 tabhair give

99 tagair refer

100 taispeáin show

101 taistil travel

102 taitin shine

103 tar come

104 tarraing pull, draw

105 teann tighten

106 téigh go

107 tiomáin drive

108 tit fall

109 tóg lift

110 tosaigh begin

111 trácht mention

112 triomaigh dry

113 tuig understand

114 tuirsigh tire, exhaust

115 ullmhaigh prepare