Es un movimiento, es un partido, es un sentimiento. Es de derecha y de izquierda. Es pragmático e ideológico. Es revolucionario y conservador. Para muchos, es el símbolo de la inclusión y el ascenso social de millones de trabajadores; para otros, representa el mayor obstáculo para el desarrollo argentino. El peronismo es la identidad política más persistente del país y, por eso, un enigma controvertido y apasionante.

Este libro se propone explorar el misterio peronista desde una perspectiva original, y al hacerlo, registra además cómo nunca existió el peronismo sin el antiperonismo como espejo y desafío. Sobre la base de una exhaustiva investigación histórica y etnográfica, Alejandro Grimson –que ha escrito sobre culturas políticas, movimientos sociales, procesos migratorios y zonas de frontera, y ha explorado los mitos de la argentinidad– reconstruye los acontecimientos del 17 de octubre de 1945 como nunca antes se leyeron, analiza con agudeza la conflictiva irrupción de nuevos protagonistas políticos en la escena pública de aquellos años («descamisados», «cabecitas negras»), bucea en las diversas caras de los antiperonismos, renueva la mirada sobre acontecimientos reveladores como Ezeiza y el asesinato de Rucci, y desvela facetas desconocidas de la historia de José López Rega. También reconstruye las coordenadas culturales que dieron origen al menemismo, rastrea el surgimiento del kirchnerismo en el molde de la crisis de 2001, y explora las razones de la derrota en 2015 ante Cambiemos.

Sin pretensión de neutralidad pero sí de honestidad y equilibrio, entre la historia, la crónica y el ensayo, Grimson invita a los lectores a un viaje que los interpelará también en sus recuerdos y del que regresarán con una constatación inevitable: el peronismo es un producto de la cultura política argentina y a la vez un factor decisivo en su conformación. Por eso, como escribe el autor, «renunciar a entender el peronismo sería renunciar a comprender la Argentina».

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«¿Qué es el peronismo?», Alejandro Grimson benzeri kitaplar