El futuro y el presente obligan al país a enfrentar y discutir un viejo problema: ¿Cómo construir un nuevo modelo de desarrollo? Sin embargo, para ello hay que remitirse al pasado.

Ciertamente cargamos sobre nuestras espaldas por más de dos siglos una herencia colonial, el esquema extractivista primario exportador, que por varias ocasiones hemos querido superarlo, pero no hemos podido. Ha supervivido bajo diversas formas desde la segunda parte del siglo XVIII generando ciclos continuados de auge y crisis, y a la larga estancamiento: primer boom cacaotero 1785-1825; segundo boom cacaotero 1875- 1920; boom bananero 1950-1970; primer boom petrolero 1970-1980; y segundo boom petrolero 2008-2015.

Lo cierto es que desde el siglo XIX hubo iniciativas de cambio de modelo impulsadas por diversos actores políticos, estatales, sociales, supranacionales, empresariales, terratenientes, educativos y científicos, que actuaban en el contexto de un mercado en los margenes del capitalismo, de un estado nación en formación, débil, disputado por élites regionales con sus particulares intereses y visiones sobre la modernidad, el progreso y el republicanismo y de una sociedad segmentada e inequitativa con fuertes rezagos coloniales.

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«Educación y ciencia en Ecuador 1830 - 1940. Entre la modernidad y la Colonialidad», Elisa Sevilla Pérez benzeri kitaplar