Einblick ins Buch

Säure-Basen-Haushalt: Was ist das?

Es scheint, dass der Eintritt von sauer oder alkalisch reagierenden Produkten in den Verdauungstrakt und weiter ins Blut die Zusammensetzung des Blutes verändern sollte. Tatsächlich sorgen die Puffersysteme des Körpers für die Stabilität des Säure-Basen-Gleichgewichts und lassen keine Schwankungen über den sicheren Bereich hinaus zu.

Liste der Puffersysteme :

Bikarbonat-(Hydrokarbonat-)System –

bietet mindestens 50 % der Anpassungsfähigkeit des Hämostasesystems;

Hämoglobinsystem – 35 % Sicherheit;

Blutproteinsystem – 10 % Pufferkapazität;

Phosphatsystem – 5-6% Puffersicherheit.

Diese Systeme, die die Vitalaktivität des Körpers unterstützen, verhindern die Verschiebung des Säure-Basen-Gleichgewichts in irgendeine Richtung, obwohl der Körper Produkte unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung verbraucht. Puffersysteme haben einen unerschöpflichen Sicherheitsspielraum, da sie ständig vom Ausscheidungssystem unterstützt werden, das auf der Ebene der Reflexe aktiviert wird, wenn Stoffwechselprodukte abgeführt werden müssen.

Wie Systeme funktionieren

Grundlegendes Kohlenwasserstoffsystem

Das Kohlenwasserstoffsystem umfasst zwei Komponenten: H2CO3 und NaHCO3. Zwischen ihnen und den ins Blut gelangenden Säuren und Laugen finden ständig chemische Reaktionen statt.

Starke Alkalireaktion:

NaOH + H2CO3 → NaHCO3 + H2O

Das durch diese Wechselwirkung gebildete Natriumbicarbonat wird bald durch das Harnsystem ausgeschieden.

Die Neutralisation der ankommenden Säure erfolgt wie folgt:

HCl + NaHCO3 → NaCl + H2CO3

Als Ergebnis der Reaktion entsteht Kohlendioxid, das über die Lunge in die Umwelt ausgeschieden wird. Das Bicarbonat-Puffersystem reagiert am empfindlichsten auf pH-Änderungen und reagiert daher sofort darauf.

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