Kitabı oku: «English vocabulary in context», sayfa 2

Key

Match the words with the definitions.

Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. Adam has a very determined mindset; he never gives up once he’s decided to start a task.

2. Competitiveness is an inherent element of athletes’ behaviour that drives them to success.

3. Education plays an important role in nurturing our ability to develop and become better people.

4. Ellen hates flying and always feels a great deal of agitation in the air.

5. Jon pointed out that there are so many facets making up a person’s identity that it’s often difficult to categorise people.

6. Martin was oblivious to the offence he had caused; he had no idea he came across as rude.

7. Opening the new branch of the travel agency was at the instigation of Jeff; he was the person to push it through.

8. Paul went on a hiking trip to Brazil where he traversed the Amazon.

9. The lecture on corporate finance was so arid that I struggled to stay awake throughout the session.

10. In order to maintain a peaceful society, it is necessary for citizens to abide by the laws and regulations put in place by their government.

11. The government is working hard to bring about much-needed societal change by influencing public opinion.

12. The hotel has stagnated financially as it hasn’t made profit for many years.

13. The Mayor avowed publicly that he knew nothing about the proposed development.

14. The politician abjured the scheme proposed by the opposition and renounced all their policies.

15. The seaside town has been flourishing since the resort opened; tourism has helped the whole community to thrive.

16. The dormant volcano has remained inactive for hundreds of years.

17. The repercussions to the planet arising from mass tourism will cause problems for generations to come.

18. Tom worked extremely hard to get the promotion at the expense of his health.

19. The small changes you make today can have a ripple effect on your future.

20. We soaked in all the amazing new experiences while we were in Italy.

Unit 5

1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.

In today’s world, conflicts and disputes are by no means uncommon. They can arise between individuals or even countries. Sometimes they can be resolved peacefully, but other times they can escalate into a brawl.

One major cause of conflict is the decline in resources. When resources become scarce, people may clash with each other to secure them. This can lead to a degeneration of relationships and ultimately deteriorate the situation further.

Another factor that can bring about disputes is a difference in opinions. People may draw their beliefs from different sources and have different perspectives on the same issue. This can cause tension and lead to arguments. However, it is important to bring around a peaceful resolution to any conflict. One way to do this is through communication. By discussing the issue at hand and understanding each other’s point of view, a solution can often be found. It is also important to dwell on the positive aspects of the situation. Instead of focusing on what went wrong, we can bring out the strengths of the parties involved and find common ground.

Finally, we should not depreciate the importance of seeking help from a neutral third party, such as a mediator or board. They can provide an objective perspective and help bring the parties together towards a mutually beneficial outcome.

In conclusion, while conflicts and disputes may arise, it is possible to resolve them peacefully by communicating, focusing on the positive, and seeking help when needed.

2. Match the words with the definitions.

3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. Working for a charity really _____________________ the best in Ian; he’s grown up so much!

2. The _____________________ decided to approve the new development after everyone on the committee agreed.

3. The weather conditions gradually _____________________ and got worse as the storm raged on.

4. The value of Mark’s property has _____________________ rapidly; it’s only worth a third of what it was before.

5. The _____________________ outside the bar last night resulted in several casualties and a severe police investigation.

6. The staff in the lobby helped to calm tempers in the _____________________ between the two guests.

7. It is not healthy to _____________________ your failures or mistakes for too long as it can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt.

8. The new regulations _____________________ the desired changes in the office.

9. The collaboration between the two companies was _____________________ for their respective growth and profitability.

10. The claims in the brochure _____________________ with the reality offered by the airline; the seats were no way as good.

11. Reserves of fossil fuels will _____________________ in time and eventually run out.

12. Passengers with small children are asked to _____________________ the plane before everyone else.

13. Norman gave Lewis a small shake to help _____________________ him around after he had fainted.

14. Mary _____________________ the view that multimedia technology may one day replace the written word; she finds it totally unfeasible.

15. Local people work hard to make sure that tourism doesn’t _____________________ with their traditions or go against their values.

16. Karen _____________________ the issue at the meeting so the committee could discuss it.

17. As we grow old, our cells slowly begin to _____________________ and break down.

18. As a painter, William _____________________ his inspiration from nature.

19. _____________________ will I allow you to stay out past your curfew tonight.

20. In order to settle the dispute, both parties must _____________________ and agree upon possible solutions.

Key

Match the words with the definitions.

Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. Working for a charity really brought out the best in Ian; he’s grown up so much!

2. The board decided to approve the new development after everyone on the committee agreed.

3. The weather conditions gradually deteriorated and got worse as the storm raged on.

4. The value of Mark’s property has depreciated rapidly; it’s only worth a third of what it was before.

5. The brawl outside the bar last night resulted in several casualties and a severe police investigation.

6. The staff in the lobby helped to calm tempers in the conflict between the two guests.

7. It is not healthy to dwell on your failures or mistakes for too long as it can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt.

8. The new regulations brought about the desired changes in the office.

9. The collaboration between the two companies was mutually beneficial for their respective growth and profitability.

10. The claims in the brochure conflicted with the reality offered by the airline; the seats were no way as good.

11. Reserves of fossil fuels will decline in time and eventually run out.

12. Passengers with small children are asked to board the plane before everyone else.

13. Norman gave Lewis a small shake to help bring him around after he had fainted.

14. Mary disputed the view that multimedia technology may one day replace the written word; she finds it totally unfeasible.

15. Local people work hard to make sure that tourism doesn’t clash with their traditions or go against their values.

16. Karen brought up the issue at the meeting so the committee could discuss it.

17. As we grow old, our cells slowly begin to degenerate and break down.

18. As a painter, William draws his inspiration from nature.

19. By no means will I allow you to stay out past your curfew tonight.

20. In order to settle the dispute, both parties must find common ground and agree upon possible solutions.

Unit 6

1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.

Travelling can be an exciting experience for a seasoned traveller. However, it can also be a tedious journey for an unwary traveller. The key to having the time of your life during a trip is to plan ahead and be bold in trying new things.

When planning a trip, it’s important to schedule flights in advance to get the best deals. You don’t want to end up with a raw deal and pay more than necessary. Look for unbeatable prices and compare different options before making a decision.

Once you arrive at your destination, take the time to immerse yourself in the local culture. Try the local cuisine and explore vibrant neighbourhoods. Don’t be afraid to toss around ideas with locals and ask for recommendations. However, it’s also important to be aware of potential dangers. Some areas may be severe or have a prevailing risk of theft. Always keep your belongings close and be mindful of your surroundings.

Travelling sustainably is also crucial to avoid degradation of natural resources. Be mindful of your impact on the environment and try to reduce waste where possible.

Overall, travelling can be a rewarding experience if done right. Take the time to plan ahead, be adventurous, and remunerate yourself with unforgettable memories. Remember, time and tide wait for no man, so make the most of every moment.

2. Match the words with the definitions.

3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. You should follow your dreams because _____________________.

2. The _____________________ increase in tourism remained continuous and didn’t show any signs of stopping.

3. The _____________________ from Bristol to Athens is at five o’clock every Tuesday.

4. The _____________________ medical opinion is that good diet and regular exercise are the best ways to stay healthy.

5. The strong turbulence _____________________ the plane around violently like a small toy.

6. The kids were having _____________________ in the water park.

7. The hostel provides a comfortable place for the _____________________ to rest and recuperate.

8. The family spent a long _____________________ travelling to London through heavy traffic.

9. The city has many dangers for the _____________________.

10. Thailand is known for its _____________________ and tasty cuisine.

11. Staff on the project were _____________________ with a large salary and performance-related bonuses.

12. Paul is a _____________________ and has been all over the world.

13. Jane got a _____________________ because her room was much smaller than everyone else’s.

14. It was the most _____________________ storm in years; thousands of houses were destroyed by the wind.

15. I got an _____________________ on flights; I can’t believe how cheap they were!

16. I’m trying to be more _____________________ with my cooking.

17. She was blown away by the exquisite _____________________ at the Michelin-starred restaurant.

18. Asian food is famous for its _____________________ flavors and use of spices.

19. Air pollution has led to _____________________ and harm to the local ecosystem.

20. Air pollution from factories is _____________________ to the environment and harmful to people and animals.

Key

Match the words with the definitions.

Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. You should follow your dreams because time and tide wait for no man.

2. The sustained increase in tourism remained continuous and didn’t show any signs of stopping.

3. The scheduled flight from Bristol to Athens is at five o’clock every Tuesday.

4. The prevailing medical opinion is that good diet and regular exercise are the best ways to stay healthy.

5. The strong turbulence tossed the plane around violently like a small toy.

6. The kids were having the time of their lives in the water park.

7. The hostel provides a comfortable place for the weary traveller to rest and recuperate.

8. The family spent a long tedious journey travelling to London through heavy traffic.

9. The city has many dangers for the unwary traveller.

10. Thailand is known for its vibrant and tasty cuisine.

11. Staff on the project were remunerated with a large salary and performance-related bonuses.

12. Paul is a seasoned traveller and has been all over the world.

13. Jane got a raw deal because her room was much smaller than everyone else’s.

14. It was the most severe storm in years; thousands of houses were destroyed by the wind.

15. I got an unbeatable price on flights; I can’t believe how cheap they were!

16. I’m trying to be more adventurous with my cooking.

17. She was blown away by the exquisite cuisine at the Michelin-starred restaurant.

18. Asian food is famous for its bold flavours and use of spices.

19. Air pollution has led to environmental degradation and harm to the local ecosystem.

20. Air pollution from factories is detrimental to the environment and harmful to people and animals.

Unit 7

1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.

In anticipation of the upcoming holiday season, many people are starting to think about how they will celebrate. Some may choose to eschew extravagant parties and instead opt for a more low-key gathering with friends and family. Others may decide to go all out and plan an ostentatious event, complete with decorations and a fancy menu.

However, it’s important to consider the impact that these choices may have on our finances. An immoderate spending spree can lead to financial hardship and even the forfeiture of assets like our homes or cars. It’s important to avoid being improvident and plan ahead by setting a budget and sticking to it.

One way to save money is to host a potluck-style meal where everyone brings a dish to share. This not only saves money but also allows everyone to contribute and feel included in the celebration. Another option is to meander through local markets and shops to find unique and affordable gifts rather than splurging on expensive presents.

If you’re considering buying a new home or making a big purchase, it’s important to penetrate the market and do your research to ensure you’re getting the best deal. Don’t be afraid to negotiate with sellers to get the price you want.

Finally, remember to polish your plans and make sure everything is in order before the big day. This includes arranging transportation, preparing the food, raking leaves from gardens and decorating the space. By doing so, you’ll pave the way for a successful and enjoyable celebration. In conjunction with these tips, it’s important to remember to enjoy the holiday season and not get too caught up in the stress of planning. Take time to relax and appreciate the company of loved ones, and don’t forget to pluck some moments of joy from the chaos of the season.

2. Match the words with the definitions.

3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. Victor had shown himself to be _____________________ and reckless by not investing in a pension for the future.

2. The tour was organised _____________________ the tourist board who helped promote it to visitors.

3. After saving up for months, Sarah decided to _____________________ a luxurious spa weekend to pamper herself and unwind from the stresses of work.

4. The new law _____________________ changes in the way goods are sold.

5. The luxury suite at the hotel was _____________________ and tacky; Janet didn’t like the décor at all.

6. As he _____________________ through the crowded city streets, the sights and sounds overwhelmed him with their sheer intensity.

7. The company has finally _____________________ the Asian market and started selling its goods in the region.

8. Ted spent a few hours _____________________ his work in order to make it absolutely perfect.

9. Sandra reached out and _____________________ a flower from the ground.

10. Recycling has positively _____________________ on the environment by reducing waste.

11. Nick finds _____________________ behaviour vulgar and excessive; people don’t need to take things to extremes.

12. Naomi took out a _____________________ in order to have enough money to buy the house she wanted.

13. Mary is a very _____________________ woman who spends far more money than is necessary.

14. Jessie smiled _____________________ her holiday to Spain; she’s so excited!

15. Instead of throwing a big birthday party, John opted for a _____________________ celebration with just a few close friends.

16. In the autumn, Jane always _____________________ the leaves to clear the path in her front garden.

17. In order to avoid arguments, Mike made sure to _____________________ politics during conversations with friends.

18. My friend went on a _____________________ and purchased a luxury sports car, designer clothes, and expensive jewelry, all in one weekend.

19. The neighborhood association is organizing a _____________________ for all the residents in the community park.

20. Barry’s property was facing _____________________ and repossession as he hadn’t paid his mortgage for months.

Key

Match the words with the definitions.

Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. Victor had shown himself to be improvident and reckless by not investing in a pension for the future.

2. The tour was organised in conjunction with the tourist board who helped promote it to visitors.

3. After saving up for months, Sarah decided to splurge on a luxurious spa weekend to pamper herself and unwind from the stresses of work.

4. The new law paved the way for changes in the way goods are sold.

5. The luxury suite at the hotel was ostentatious and tacky; Janet didn’t like the décor at all.

6. As he meandered through the crowded city streets, the sights and sounds overwhelmed him with their sheer intensity.

7. The company has finally penetrated the Asian market and started selling its goods in the region.

8. Ted spent a few hours polishing his work in order to make it absolutely perfect.

9. Sandra reached out and plucked a flower from the ground.

10. Recycling has positively impacted on the environment by reducing waste.

11. Nick finds immoderate behaviour vulgar and excessive; people don’t need to take things to extremes.

12. Naomi took out a mortgage in order to have enough money to buy the house she wanted.

13. Mary is a very extravagant woman who spends far more money than is necessary.

14. Jessie smiled in anticipation of her holiday to Spain; she’s so excited!

15. Instead of throwing a big birthday party, John opted for a low-key celebration with just a few close friends.

16. In the autumn, Jane always rakes the leaves to clear the path in her front garden.

17. In order to avoid arguments, Mike made sure to eschew politics during conversations with friends.

18. My friend went on a spending spree and purchased a luxury sports car, designer clothes, and expensive jewelry, all in one weekend.

19. The neighborhood association is organizing a potluck-style meal for all the residents in the community park.

20. Barry’s property was facing forfeiture and repossession as he hadn’t paid his mortgage for months.

Unit 8

1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.

Creating a positive work environment is essential for any business to thrive. It’s important to cultivate an atmosphere that is conducive to productivity and collaboration, where employees feel comfortable expressing their aspirations and ideas. A diverse array of employees with different backgrounds and experiences can bring fresh perspectives and reasoning to the table.

One way to promote a positive work environment is to delegate tasks to different members to blend their strengths and achieve the best possible outcome. This not only helps alleviate workload but also shows trust and confidence in their abilities.

Communication can also play a significant role in creating a positive work environment. It’s not just about verbal communication, but also non-verbal cues such as body language. It’s important to decipher these cues correctly, as they can often convey more than words themselves. Simple gestures like smiling or nodding can go a long way in making someone feel valued and respected. On the other hand, condescending behaviour can create tension and lead to a hostile work environment.

When working together, it’s important to collate all the information and ideas to determine what will work best. This can be done through brainstorming sessions or team meetings. However, it’s crucial not to fall into cliché methods of teamwork. Blistering pace and excessive pressure can lead to burnout and negatively impact the work environment. Instead, it’s important to find a balance between efficiency and well-being.

2. Match the words with the definitions.

3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. He’s trying very hard to _____________________ and develop his critical thinking skills.

2. A _____________________ work environment which allows cooperation is essential in a workplace.

3. Arnold has spent much of his working life _____________________ the data on which his study is based.

4. It’s too early to predict the_____________________ of the election.

5. Italy has _____________________ geographical regions, including mountains and valleys.

6. Janet _____________________ the tasks to Bob as Mr Smith had intended.

7. Julie has lots of career _____________________; she dreams of being a manager one day.

8. Larry’s _____________________ tone was both patronising and annoying.

9. Lewis sometimes finds it difficult to _____________________ the meaning behind Mark’s body language.

10. Mary refused to let her leg injury keep her from _____________________ her goal of taking part in the marathon.

11. Mr Jones _____________________ the task to the rest of the team.

12. Prague offers a subtle _____________________ of traditional and historical choices for tourists to enjoy.

13. Technology is advancing at a _____________________ pace; personal computing is completely different from how it was fifteen years ago.

14. The correct working environment can be _____________________ to employee productivity.

15. Although it’s challenging, I need to _____________________ the five-page article into a concise and informative summary for my presentation.

16. The _____________________ lighting in the office created a feeling of relaxation and calmness.

17. The _____________________ behind the company decision was very well-thought through.

18. There is a wide _____________________ of software available on the office computers, which offers staff a great deal of flexibility.

19. Young children often use gestures and _____________________ cues to express what they want.

20. Young staff expect more from their employers than the tired _____________________ of having sofas or bean bags in the office.