Kitabı oku: «Heath's Modern Language Series: Mariucha», sayfa 15

Бенито Перес Гальдос

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Q

que rel. pron. who, which, whom, that; conj. that, for, since, and, when, such that; adv. than, as

¿qué? what; what a;

¿por –? why?

quebradero m.:

—– de cabeza worry

quedar(se) remain, be left;

—– en agree to;
—se con keep;
por mí no ha de – it shall not remain undone through my fault

quedo, -a soft, gentle, low

quehacer m. errand; duty, occupation

queja f. complaint

quejarse (de) complain (of)

quema f. fire, conflagration;

huir de la – run away from danger, avoid serious difficulties

quemar burn; p.p. vexed

querer wish, desire, be willing; like, love; expect;

—– decir mean;
yo quisiera I should like;
lo que quiera anything;
donde quiera wherever; V, 211

quiere ser claims to be; p.p. dear, my dear

quié =

quiere

quiebra f. failure, bankruptcy

quien who, whom, whoever, he who, one who, the one who

quién who;

¿de –? whose;
¡– pudiera creer! I wish I could believe!

quién 73 =

quieren

quiera see

querer

quinientos, -as five hundred

quinto, -a fifth

quitar take away, remove, take off;

esto no quita this doesn't prevent

quizá,

quizás perhaps

R

rabia f. rage

rabiar rage, be wild with anger or spite

Rafael m. Raphael

raíz f. root;

bienes raíces real estate

ralea f. race, breed

rama f. branch

rápido, -a rapid

rasgar tear

rasgo m. dash, stroke; trait; I, 87 display of generosity

rasguño m. scratch

raso, -a open, unobstructed, flat;

hacer tabla —a de clean away

rastaquouère f. (French) rich adventuress

rastrero, -a low-flying, crawling; abject

ratito m. little while

rato m. time, short time;

a —s sometimes, at short intervals

rayito m. small ray

rayo m. ray, shaft, thunder-bolt;

ha sido como un – it was a fearful shock

raza f. race

razón f. word, speech; reason; right;

tener – be right

razonable reasonable

re- (an intensifying prefix) very

real real; royal

real m. a former Spanish copper coin (real de vellón) worth 25 céntimos or 5 cents

realce m. luster, relief

realidad f. reality

realizar carry out; cash, convert into cash

realmente really

reanudar renew, resume

reaparecer reappear

rebajar lower, take off, deduct

rebañar scrape

rebelarse rebel

rebelde rebellious; n.m. rebel

rebosar overflow (with)

recado m. message

recamado, -a embroidered

recapitular sum up, go over a matter again

recargar load, burden

recatar conceal

recibir receive

reciente recent

reciprocidad f. reciprocity;

en su – from both parties

recíproco, -a reciprocal, mutual

reclamar demand, claim

recluir confine, keep in seclusion

recobrar recover

recoger get, pick up, receive, take charge of; p.p. in seclusion

recogimiento m. silent meditation

recomendación f. recommendation, influence

recomendar recommend, commend

recompensar reward

reconocer recognize, acknowledge; search through; p.p. grateful

reconocimiento m. scrutiny; recognition

reconstruir reconstruct

recordar remember; remind

recorrer go back and forth on

rectitud f. rectitude, uprightness

rector m. rector, principal

recurso m. resource; pl. means, funds

rechazar reject

red f. net

redentor m. redeemer

Redfern a famous Parisian ladies' tailor

redil m. (sheep)fold

redimir redeem

reducir reduce, bring to terms, overcome one's resistance

reducto m. redoubt

referir relate;

—se refer

refinado, -a refined

reflejo m. reflection; reflex, light reflected;

—– metálico luster (cf. note to III, 308)

reflexionar en think of, consider

reflexivo, -a meditating

reforma f. reform

refugio m. refuge

refulgente shining, sparkling

regatear haggle

regeneración f. regeneration

regio, -a royal, regal

registrar search

registro m. registry, record-office

regocijar make rejoice

regocijo m. mirth, hilarity

rehacerse rally, recover oneself

reina f. queen

reír(se) laugh

reja f. iron grating, bars or railing

relación f. relation;

entrar en —es con become on familiar terms with

relajar relax

relato m. narrative

religión f. religion

religioso, -a religious

reloj m. watch

relucir shine

remediar remedy, help;

—se de be relieved in

remedio m. remedy;

no tiene – it can't be helped

remesa f. remittance

remoquete m. nickname

remoto, -a remote

rencoroso, -a spiteful, V, 150 capable of expressing hatred

rendir conquer, overcome;

—se yield

renegar de refuse

renunciar (a) give up

reñir quarrel, scold

reparación f. restoration

reparar (en) notice, observe

reparón, -ona inquisitive

repentinamente suddenly

repetición f. repetition

repetir repeat

repicar ring a bell;

—– en el Cristo ring the bell at the shrine of the Christ

repique m. chime, peal

replegar fold up

replicar reply

reponer replace, reply;

—se recover

reprobación f. reprobation

reproducir reproduce, repeat, copy

repugnancia f. repugnance

repugnante repugnant, disgusting

repugnar de be repugnant to

reputación f. reputation

requisito m. requisite, required adjunct

requisitoria f. requisition; summons

reservar keep

resignarse resign oneself

resistencia f. resistence

resistir resist;

—se a hesitate to, dislike to

resolución f. resolution, resolve

resolver(se) resolve, decide;

—se change, settle

resorte m. spring

respetable worthy

respeto m. respect;

de – spare, extra; ceremonial, formal, "company"

respetuoso, -a respectful

respiración f. breathing

respirar breathe, breathe freely

resplandecer gleam, shine

responder answer, correspond

responsabilidad f. responsibility

responsable responsible

responso m. responsory for the dead

respuesta f. reply, answer

restablecer reëstablish

restante left over, remaining;

lo – the remainder

resto m. rest

resucitar resuscitate

resuelto, -a (p.p. of

resolver) settled

resultado m. result, product

resultar result, turn out, appear

retener retain, detain

retirar withdraw, take out, lead away;

—se retire

retórica f. rhetoric; pl. sophistry, quibbling

retrasado, -a late, behind time

retraso m. delay

retro:

a – (Latin) see note to I, 254

retroceder retreat, go back, back up, retire

reunir unite, put together;

—se get together

revelar reveal

reventar burst

reverencia f. bow

revestir dress (with ceremonial garb)

revolución f. revolution

revolver overturn, upset; p.p. topsy-turvy

rial = real

ricacho m. rich guy

ricachona f. very wealthy woman

Ricardo m. Richard

rico, -a rich

ridiculez f. folly; mortification

ridículo, -a ridiculous; n.m. ridicule, ridiculous plight

riesgo m. risk

rígido, -a rigid

rigor m. severity, strictness

riqueza f. riches

riquísimo, -a very rich, splendid

risa f. laughter; humor

ristra f. string (of onions, etc.)

risueño, -a smiling

ritual m. ritual;

libro de – prayer book, book of services

robar steal, rob, deprive of

robustez f. vigor

roca f. rock

rodar roll

rodear surround, encircle

rodilla f. knee;

de —s kneeling

rogar ask, request, plead

rojo, -a red

Roldán m. Roland

romería f. pilgrimage (to a country shrine; hence) picnic, festivity

romper break, tear;

—– a hablar begin to speak

rompimiento m. break, breaking off

ropa f. (also pl.) clothes

ropita f. II, 236 the little clothes you had

roquero, -a rocky, built on a rock

rosario m. rosary;

rezar el – tell one's beads

rosbif m. roast beef

rostro m. face

roto p.p. of

romper

rudo, -a rude, hard

Rue de Rivoli (French) Rivoli Street (in Paris, containing many famous shops)

ruido m. noise, racket

ruina f. ruin

ruinoso, -a ruinous

rumbo m. course

rumor m. sound, noise, report

Rusia f. Russia

ruso, -a Russian

rústico, -a rustic, rural

S

saber know, know how; learn (especially in the preterite tense);

¿qué sé yo? how do I know?
no sé qué some … or other

sabiduría f. wisdom

sacar draw out, take out, extract; draw on, find out, discover; get

saco m. sack, bag

sacrificar sacrifice

sacrificio m. sacrifice

sacristán m. sacristan, sexton

sagrado, -a sacred

sala f. parlor, hall, room

salado, -a witty, bright

saldo m. balance, settlement

saleroso, -a bright, witty

salir come out, issue, go out, get out, go away; enter (in stage directions); rise (of the sun); occur;

—se con la suya get one's own way

salón m. room, parlor, large hall

salpicar splash, dot

saltar jump, jump over, start, skip

salud f. health; salvation

saludable salutary

saludar greet; bow to, salute

saludo m. greeting

salvación f. salvation

salvador, -ra saving

salvar save

salvo except;

poner a – safeguard, preserve

sanción f. sanction, confirmation

Sanfelices Sanfelices

sangre f. blood; race

sano, -a healthy; whole

San Petersburgo Petrograd

Santamar not an actual Spanish place-name

santificar sanctify

santiguarse cross oneself

santísimo, -a most holy

santo, -a,

san, saint, holy, blessed; n.m. saint

santuario m. sanctuary

sartén f. frying pan

sastre m. tailor

satisfacción f. satisfaction; payment

satisfacer (p.p.

satisfecho) satisfy

sátrapa m. satrap (governor of a province among the ancient Persians)

se himself, herself, etc. (both accusative and dative); replaces any third person object pronoun before another

secar dry

seco, -a dry

secretear speak in private, whisper

secreto, -a secret; n.m. secret

secuestrar kidnap, keep in confinement

secular centuries old

seda f. silk

sedación f. calm, lull

seguida f.:

en – at once

seguir follow, continue; p.p. in succession

según according to; as; according as; that depends

segundo, -a second; latter

seguramente surely

seguridad f. certainty, safety

seguro, -a sure, safe, certain;

—o,
de —o certainly, without fail

seiscientos, -as six hundred

selecto, -a choice

sellar seal

semana f. week

semblante m. face, appearance

semejante similar, such, such a

semejanza f. resemblance

sencillez f. simplicity

sencillo, -a simple

sendero m. path

seno m. bosom

sentar seat; benefit; fix, plant;

—se sit down;
—– la cabeza be sensible, settle down;
—– la mano make felt the weight of one's displeasure

sentido m. sense;

—– común common sense

sentimiento m. sentiment

sentir feel; hear; regret, be sorry for

seña f. sign

señal f. sign

señalar mark; point to

señor m. sir, master, Mr., gentleman

señora f. lady, mistress; wife; Mrs., Madam

señorío m. nobility, upper class

señorita f. young lady, miss

señorito m. young gentleman

separación f. separation

separar separate, keep distinct;

—se depart, leave

septiembre m. September

ser be;

—– de belong to;

érase there was once

ser m. being

serenar calm

serenidad calmness

sereno, -a calm, cool-headed

serie f. series

sermón m. sermon

sermoneo m. sermonizing

servicio m. service

servidor m. servant

servil servile

servilismo m. servility

servir serve, be used, be of use, be fit;

para – a V. S. at your service;
—se be kind enough to

sesenta sixty

severidad f. severity

severo, -a severe

si if, whether; indeed, of course, why;

por – to see whether; in case

sí yes, indeed;

decir que – consent to marry; pron. himself, herself, itself, themselves

siempre always, ever;

—– que each time that, whenever; provided that

sierra f. mountain range

siglo m. century

significar signify, mean

signo m. sign

siguiente following, next

silencio m. silence

silencioso, -a silent, mute

Silesia f. a province of Prussia

silla f. chair

simpático, -a likable, congenial

simple simple, mere

simultáneamente simultaneously

sin without;

—– que without

sinceridad f. sincerity

sincero, -a sincere

sino but, except;

no… – only;
—– que but

siquiera even, at least;

ni –,
ni tan – not even

sitio m. spot, place

situación f. situation

soberano, -a sovereign

soberbio, -a proud; splendid

sobra f. remnant, leavings

sobrar be in excess, be superfluous; be left over;

medios le sobran he has a thousand ways;
le sobra razón he is entirely right

sobre above, on, upon; beside;

—– todo especially

sobre m. envelope

sobresaltado, -a startled

sobreseer (una causa) withdraw, suspend (a suit), grant a stay in proceedings

sobrina f. niece

sociedad f. society

socorrer aid, help

socorro m. aid, assistance

soga f. rope

sol m. sun;

hace – it is sunny;
de – a – from daybreak to dusk

soledad f. solitude; loneliness

solemne solemn

solemnidad f. solemnity

soler be accustomed, wont; be usually

solicitar beg for, ask for

sólido, -a solid

solitario, -a solitary

solito, -a all alone

solo, -a deserted; single, only, alone;

a solas alone

sólo only, alone

soltar loose, let go, let fly, turn loose

soltero, -a unmarried

solución f. solution

sollozar sob

sollozo m. sob

sombra f. shade, shadow

sombrero m. hat

someter subject, submit, subjugate

Somonte pr.n. (as adj. rough, crude)

son m. sound

sonar sound, sound natural

sonido m. sound

sonreír smile

sonrisa f. smile

sonrojo m. blush; offense (which causes a blush)

soñador m. dreamer

soñar (con) dream (of)

sopa f. (also pl.) soup with slices of bread in it

soportar endure, support

sordidez f. stinginess

sorprender surprise, catch

sorpresa f. surprise

sortija f. ring

sosegarse calm down, become quiet

sospecha f. suspicion

sospechar suspect, imagine

sostén m. support

sostener sustain, uphold, support

sostenimiento m. support

sotana f. cassock

subida f. rise, ascent

subir rise, come up, go up, climb; raise, hoist

súbito, -a sudden

suceder happen; follow, replace

suceso m. event, occurrence

sucumbir succumb

suelo m. floor; ground;

por los —s on the ground, at the bottom

sueño m. sleep; dream;

tener – be sleepy

suerte f. luck, fate; good luck; way, manner

sufragio m. good deed which is applied to the aid of souls in purgatory

sufrimiento m. suffering

sufrir suffer

sugerir suggest

suicidarse commit suicide

suicidio m. suicide

sujeto, -a subject; fastened; n.m. subject; fellow, person

suma f. sum

sumamente extremely

superfluo, -a superfluous

superior superior, of fine quality

super-mujer f. superwoman

súplica f. request

suplicar beg, request

suplicio m. torment

supremo, -a supreme

suprimir suppress

suscripción f. subscription

suspender suspend, hang, cease

suspenso, -a in suspense

suspirar sigh

suspiro m. sigh

sustentar support, maintain

sustituir take the place of

susto m. fright, shock

sutil subtle

suyo, -a his, hers, its, theirs; of his, etc.;

el –,
la -a, etc. pron. his, hers, its, theirs;
hacer de las suyas be up to (his) usual tricks

T

tabla f. board, plank

tal such, such a, of the sort;

el – the said (person);
con – que,
con – de que provided that;
¿qué –? how is it going?
—– vez perhaps

talento m. talent

tallar cut, carve

tamaño, -a so great, of the size of; III, 80

—os así so big (with a gesture showing height); n.m. size

también also

tampoco neither, not either, nor that either

tan so, as, such a;

—– sólo only

tantico m. bit

tanto, -a so much, so many (sometimes used with singular noun in plural sense);

por lo – therefore

tanto adv. so much; n.m. a little;

en – que while;
entre – meanwhile

tapar conceal, cover up; stop, plug

tardanza f. delay

tardar delay, be late

tarde late;

lo más – at the latest; n.f. afternoon

tarea f. task, labor

tarja f. tally stick (with notches, which form a primitive method of counting)

te m. tea

teatro m. theater

techo m. roof, ceiling

tela f. cloth

telegrama m. telegram

temblar tremble

temer fear, be afraid

temeroso, -a timid, afraid

temor m. fear

templado, -a lukewarm, mild; tempered

temprano, -a early

tendero m. shopkeeper

tenebroso, -a dark, gloomy

tener have, hold, keep;

—– que hacer have to, be obliged to, do;

tengo que hacer I have work to do;

—– por consider

Teodolinda f. Theodolinda

Teplitz Teplitz-Schönau (a town in Bohemia, with warm springs for bathing)

tercero, -a third

Teresa f. Theresa

terminar end

término m. end;

primer – foreground

ternura f. tenderness

territorio m. territory, country, district within the jurisdiction of a court

tesón m. obstinacy, persistence, tenacity, firmness

tesoro m. treasure

testamento m. will, testament

tez f. complexion, skin

tié =

tiene

tiempo m. time; weather;

a – in time;

va para – will take a long time

tienda f. shop, store

tierno, -a tender

tierra f. earth, soil; land, country, native place, home

timbre m. tone

timidez f. timidity

tímido, -a timid

tío m. uncle; fellow, old man

tipo m. type

tiranía f. tyranny

tiránico, -a tyrannical

tirano m. tyrant

tirar pull, drag; throw; attract; I, 100

tirando dragging about; V, 90

a eso tira that's what he's working for

título m. title

tiznar smear, begrime, smuten

tizne m. grime

tocar touch; befit; play;

me toca it falls to me or is my turn;
a toca-teja cash down

todavía still, yet

todito, -a absolutely all

todo, -a all, every;

en – este año some time during the present year; n.m. all, everything;
con – nevertheless;
del – entirely, completely, quite

toilette (French) attire, dress

to l' =

todo el

tolerancia f. tolerance

tolerar tolerate, endure, allow

tomar take, undertake;

¡toma! I declare! well!

tonelada f. ton

tontaina m. fool, dolt

tontín m. silly boy

tonto, -a silly, foolish; n.m. fool, idiot

toque m. stroke

torbellino m. whirl, rush

torcer twist, turn aside; wring

tormento m. torment

torre f. tower

tortura f. torture

tosco, -a rough, rude

trabajador, -ra hard-working; n.m. laborer, workingman

trabajar work

trabajo m. work, labor, effort

trabajoso, -a toilsome

traer carry, bring, keep

tráfico m. traffic, trade

tragar swallow

traída f. bringing;

—– de aguas waterworks

train =

traen

traje m. suit, clothes

tramitación f. proceeding;

poner en – set in motion

trance m. emergency, crisis;

a todo – at any cost

tranquilidad f. peacefulness, calm

tranquilo, -a peaceful, quiet, at ease, free from anxiety

transformar transform

transición f. transition, change

trapito m. little rag, remnant

trapo m. rag, cloth; pl. (colloquial) women's clothes

tras after, behind;

—– de behind

trastornar upset, disturb

trastorno m. disorder, confusion

tratamiento m. treatment; title of courtesy, mode of address

tratar treat; get well acquainted with;

—– de try to; speak of, discuss, consider

trato m. bargain, business; intercourse, acquaintance

través m.:

al – de through, across

travieso, -a mischievous

traza f. appearance, looks

trazar trace

trecho m. distance

treinta thirty

tremendo, -a terrible

trémulo, -a trembling

tren m. train

tres three;

las – three o'clock

tribulación f. trouble, trial

trigo m. wheat

trinidad f. trinity

trino, -a triune (containing three in one)

triple m. triple, three times the

triste sad, wretched

tristeza f. sadness, sorrow

triunfante triumphant

triunfo m. triumph

tronado, -a ruined

tronco m. trunk

trozo m. bit, section, piece

trujo =

trajo

turbar confuse, disturb;

—se become confused

tutear address with

tú, speak familiarly to

tuteo m. thouing (addressing in the second person singular)

U

ultimatum (Latin) ultimatum

último, -a last, final, latest; latter

ultraje m. insult

únicamente only

único, -a only, single

unión f. union

unir unite, join;

—se a join

universo m. universe

urbanidad f. urbanity, courtesy

urbanización f. city planning, carrying out municipal works (paving, lighting, etc.)

urgencia f. urgency

usar use;

prenda usada second-hand article

uso m. use

usura f. usury

utensilio m. utensil

V

vaciar empty

vacilación f. hesitation

vacilante hesitating

vacilar hesitate

vacío, -a vacant, empty; n.m. void

vagabundo, -a wandering

vago, -a vague

vagón m. railway car, car

vajilla f. table service

valentía f. courage

valer be worth, be of use; avail, bring; defend, protect;

—– más be better;
—se de make use of, have recourse to

valeroso, -a brave, gallant

valiente brave, courageous; fine

valioso, -a valuable

valor m. worth, value; courage

valle m. valley, vale

vanidad f. vanity

vanidoso, -a vain, conceited

vano, -a vain, empty

variado, -a varied

variar (de) change

vaso m. glass

¡vaya! (from

ir) I declare! fine!
¡– con el milagro! a great miracle that is!

vecindad f. locality, neighborhood, proximity

vecino, -a neighboring; n. neighbor; inhabitant

veinte twenty

veinticuatro twenty-four

vejamen m. annoyance, persecution

vela f. candle

velar (por) keep watch, keep guard (over)

velo m. veil

velocidad f. speed;

en pequeña – by freight

vencer conquer, overcome; fall due

vencida f. vanquishment;

a la cuarta [vez] va la – the fourth time never fails

vencimiento m. falling due

vendedor, -ra m. and f. vender

vender sell

veneciano, -a Venetian

venganza f. revenge

vengar revenge

venia f. permission

venir come;

bien venido welcome

venta f. sale

ventaja f. advantage

ventajoso, -a advantageous

ventana f. window

ventanal m. large window

ventolera f. whim

ver see;

a – let's see;

vamos a – look here;

no puedo —le I can't bear the sight of him;
por lo visto apparently

verano m. summer

veras:

de – really

verdad f. truth; genuine;

de – really;
es – it is true;
la – in truth;
¿– que sí? was it really?
¿no es –? isn't that so?

verdadero, -a real

verde green

vergonzoso, -a timid, bashful

vergüenza f. shame; shameful thing; sense of shame

vértigo m. dizziness; insanity

vestido m. dress, garment; pl. clothes

vestigio m. vestige, trace

vestimenta f. clothes, dress

vestir dress, clothe, wear

vez f. time, turn;

a la – at the same time, together;
otra – again;
a veces,
a las veces sometimes;
tal – perhaps;
de una – once for all;
una – once;
cada – más more and more;
en – de instead of;
de – en cuando from time to time