Portugal, España y Grecia pasan hoy por transformaciones políticas muy turbulentas. Son procesos muy diferentes, pero tienen en común el hecho de producirse en países europeos considerados periféricos en relación a un centro que tiene poder para condicionar de manera decisiva sus opciones y aspiraciones políticas y sociales. Y todo ello dentro de un contexto histórico de larga duración en el que siempre se ha producido, de diferentes maneras, la subordinación de las periferias al centro.

En el presente libro, Boaventura de Sousa Santos aborda la transición portuguesa de los años setenta, así como la situación derivada de la reciente crisis económica, ya que, como sucede en España, considera que no se puede entender esta última sin revisar las transformaciones políticas ocurridas durante la primera. Tanto Portugal como España vivieron intensos procesos de transición democrática tras décadas de dictadura fascista, con repuestas a crisis muy diferentes a las que en la actualidad preocupan a los dos países. Pero debemos preguntarnos si las diferencias entre ambos periodos no ocultan semejanzas perturbadoras, si las discontinuidades evidentes no están atravesadas por continuidades subterráneas. En el fondo, se trata de saber si los países periféricos no están condenados a transitar de transición en transición en tanto dura su condición periférica, y si esas sucesivas transiciones no son, al final, el instrumento utilizado por el centro para reproducir su condición periférica.

Todo ello conduce, a partir de la participación activa del autor en los procesos mencionados, a una parte final que constituye una reflexión política de índole general y programática con la que el autor pretende interpelar a las izquierdas en el sentido de reinventarse a la luz de las condiciones del presente, dominado a escala mundial como nunca por la ortodoxia neoliberal.

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«La difícil democracia», Boaventura de Sousa Santos benzeri kitaplar