Kitabı oku: «Anthropology», sayfa 4

I do not rest satisfied with presenting these general statements. More detail will very properly be demanded by any one seriously considering the foundation of a chair or department in this branch.

I have drawn up, therefore, and append, a scheme for a course or courses of lectures; a plan for laboratory instruction; another for library work; a sketch of what should be done in the field; and finally, I name a few of the best text-books on the various subdivisions of the general science.

I would ask the particular attention of those interested in this science to the classification and nomenclature which I here present. It is the result of a careful collation of all the leading European writers on the subject and of consultation with several of the most thoughtful in this country.

There is, unfortunately, considerable diversity in the arrangements and terms adopted by different authors, and it is most desirable that a uniform phraseology be adopted in all countries. That which I offer aims to be exhaustive of the science and to adopt, wherever practicable, the expressions sanctioned by the greater number of distinguished living authorities in its literature.

General Scheme for Instruction in Anthropology

SYNOPSIS OF LECTURE COURSE. PRINCIPAL SUBDIVISIONS

I. Somatology.– Physical and Experimental Anthropology.

II. Ethnology.– Historic and Analytic Anthropology.

III. Ethnography.– Geographic and Descriptive Anthropology.

IV. Archæology.– Prehistoric and Reconstructive Anthropology.

I. —Somatology

A. Internal Somatology.

a. Osteology. – Bones of the skeleton, names, forms, measures, proportions, peculiarities, such as flattened tibia, perforated humerus, form of pelvis, os calcis, etc. Craniology; measurements of skull and face, sutures, angles, nasal and orbital indices, dentition, artificial deformations.

b. Myology and Splanchnology. – The muscular system and viscera so far as they concern racial peculiarities, as deficient calves, proportions of liver and lungs, etc. Steatopygy.

B. External Somatology.

Stature and Proportion. Anthropomometry. Tests for strength and endurance. Color of skin, hair, and eyes. Color scales. Shape and growth of hairs. Canons of proportion. Physical beauty.

C. Psychology.

Application of experimental psychology to races. Comparative rates of nervous impulse, sensation, muscular movements, and mental processes. Right- and left-handedness. Anomalous brain actions.

D. Developmental and Comparative Somatology.

Embryology of man. Doctrines of heredity and congenital transmission. Teratology, or the production of varieties and monstrosities. Ethnic and racial anatomy. Evolution of man. Comparative anatomy of man and anthropoids. Simian and lemurian analogies. Fossil remains of man.

Biology of man. Changes produced by nutrition (food supply), climate, humidity, altitude, etc. Comparative physiology and pathology. Medical geography. Comparative nosology of different races. Criminal anthropology. Pathology of races. Fertility and sterility of races. Reproduction and stirpiculture. Comparative longevity. Immunity from disease. Vital statistics. Anatomical classifications of races. (Historical review; present opinions.)