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CHAPTER XXIX
THE SECOND DIVISION
The Second Division of the Australian Infantry consisted of the twelve Battalions of the Third Contingent, numbered from Seventeen to Twenty-eight. Their passage from Australia to Egypt had been less eventful than that of the pioneers, and their training in Egypt had been conducted on the same lines as that of their predecessors. They landed at Anzac in August and September, and found their portion in three months of dogged endurance of the most trying methods of warfare.
The Turks were emboldened by the failure of the great offensive movement, and proved more enterprising than at any time since the first month's occupation of Anzac. The whole area was ranged by their artillery, posted on all the commanding positions in the neighbourhood, and there were many of these. The forts at Chanak shelled them morning and evening; so regular was the visitation that they were given the titles Sunrise and Sunset. Ceaseless mining was going on against them; and they were driven to retort in kind.
There was little glory waiting for the Second Division on the shores of Gallipoli, but an immense amount of danger and cumulative suffering. The losses of the 5th, 6th and 7th Brigades through those late autumn months are eloquent of the everlasting risks they had to take. From Lone Pine to Hill 60 their line was constantly being shelled by the heavy guns on Battleship Hill and elsewhere; while Beachy Bill and his equivalents made the beach a place of death and danger.
By this time the very ground of Anzac was reeking with infection. The theory has been advanced that, as upon the battlefields of Flanders, the germs lay in the subsoil ready to contaminate when turned up by the entrenching tool. The dangers of tetanus on the Western front were quickly grasped, and by scientific research a means of fighting them was soon at the disposal of the R.A.M.C. But in Gallipoli the epidemics of sickness were not so readily countered, and the suffering and loss was proportionately greater.
Whether the soil of Gallipoli held the germs of old disease in its bosom, or whether, as appears more probable, it became infected through the conditions that prevailed there during the spring and summer of the year, it is at least certain that it was most insanitary during the autumn months. The swarms of flies, that no human agency could abate, spread the seeds of disease far and wide.
Men suffered from an acute form of dysentery that was the more dangerous because it was intermittent. The water supply was insufficient, and water for washing could only be obtained from the sea. The sickly odour of the whole place rose in the nostrils of the fighting men, and afflicted them with a perpetual nausea. All food was suspect, for the flies, that buzzed perpetually over the rotting carrion that lay unburied between the lines, swarmed upon everything, and could not be prevented.
Strong men conceived a loathing of their food. The bully beef that was their staple was thrown away by many of them, who could not even abide to look upon it. They tried to live upon the hard biscuits, and on these many of them broke their teeth, so that there was nothing they could find to preserve their strength.
Many who lived through those last months have told me of the awful lassitude that fell upon them. The sickly weather, the hopeless day's work, the atmosphere of death and disease that permeated all their surroundings, combined to sap their vigour.
The constant shelling drove them to live underground and to carry on a troglodytic warfare. Mines and countermines, sapping and tunnelling, formed their daily occupations. The losses from the heavy shellfire were considerable. Hardly a day passed but some section of trench was filled up, and often men were buried in the debris, never more to draw a living breath.
One experience related to me by a man who took part in the sufferings of those days will always remain in my memory. He was posted at Lone Pine, a post which the Anzacs held stubbornly in the face of the shelling it daily received from all points of the compass. One day he went forward with some of his comrades to an observation trench, in order to place the battery on the Asiatic shore, which was daily moved from place to place by means of a motor running on light rails.
In spite of the warnings of those with him, he raised himself high in order to get a better glimpse of the flashes that resulted from the sunset bombardment, when a "Jack Johnson" arrived and buried all in the trench. He had the notes of his observations, and smothered as he was by a load of earth, was able to take comfort from the thought that he would quickly be disinterred, if only because these observations were precious.
The expected help came in time for him, and for him only. He was dug out before he suffocated, and then learned that he owed his life to the daring that had raised him so high in the trench. Those with him, who had taken full advantage of the cover it afforded, were buried under tons of earth, and were doubtless crushed to death in the instant of the explosion.
Between the lines, from north to south, stretched a no-man's land that was constantly changing in character. Beneath it tunnels were continually being made, and the men at their work with pick and spade in the darkness could hear the enemy also tunnelling in to meet them. Then there would come a day when contact between the two opposing works would be made, and a lively encounter underground would follow.
Sometimes one of these Anzac drives underground would come unexpectedly upon a great series of enemy works. Very often they were found unoccupied, and an adventurous exploration would follow. The almost inevitable result would be an encounter with the enemy, perhaps at a distance from their own supports, and at a disadvantage in numbers.
Or perhaps tunnels would be driven out in a parallel direction from the ends of a section of trench toward the enemy's line. When a certain distance had been reached, the miners would turn their tunnels at right angles, so that two converging tunnels could be dug. When the ends had been joined, the roof would be stripped away, and one morning the enemy would find a deep firing trench established within a few yards of their lines.
A furious bomb fight would be the inevitable sequel to such a manœuvre. In this form of warfare the Anzacs had become very expert, for when the conditions of Gallipoli fighting had once been grasped, bomb practice became an essential part of their training. At all times in those last months they outfought the Turks in these bomb contests, using the weapons with more accuracy and skill, and resisting attacks with more grit and determination.
It is now possible, also, to mention the work done by the artillery from Australia and New Zealand. While the British forces remained in Gallipoli, it would obviously have been improper to mention the positions taken by the batteries, and the remarkable skill and coolness with which the Anzacs fought their guns. But much of the success achieved by the men of Anzac in holding positions that were dominated by an enemy in superior force was due to the great work of the artillery.
Miracles were achieved in getting big guns up those hills, and in retaining them in positions on the very firing line. Such exposed positions as Lone Pine were only held because of the protection of guns so placed, and throughout their occupation of Anzac, and especially during the months that followed the failure of the great advance, the Anzacs had daily reason to thank the gunners.
So they fought on week after week, aware of the constantly increasing supplies of munitions that were flowing to the enemy, which could be inferred from the increasing freedom with which shells were used. In July the Turk had shown himself economical of shells, and had used much ammunition of very ancient and inferior description. At that time not more than thirty per cent. of the big shells that fell on Anzac would explode, and some very old ammunition was employed by the big guns in the forts of Kilid Bahr.
The most curious of these were round shells that must have been fired from guns of the muzzle-loading type. They weighed about a hundred pounds, according to the accounts I have had of them, and were known as "footballs" or "plum-puddings." They announced their coming by a singing noise, like the loud song of a bird, and were plain to be seen as they hurtled through the air. Some of them exploded with a dull roar, breaking into thick chunks of iron. But the majority of them did not explode at all. They were much in demand as curios, and many a dug-out was decorated with one of these unexploded "footballs."
But as the last quarter of the year wore on, there was no more need for Abdul to use this old-fashioned ammunition. A plentiful supply of good shrapnel and high explosive was at his service, and the shells that continuously fell among the devoted men of Anzac were warranted to explode, with only too deadly effect.
Late autumn brought tropical showers of rain, that flooded the trenches and dug-outs and added to the miseries of the Australians and New Zealanders. The Turks, on higher ground, had the better of them there, but not of the heavy fall of snow which came at the beginning of December. I have been assured by men who had the opportunity of conversing with many prisoners that the Turkish army, though well equipped in some respects, was not provided with any of the necessities to comfort and health. Saving the officers, there did not appear to be a blanket among them, and they fought and slept in this cold weather without any more covering than the greatcoats of their original outfit, by this time badly worn by the rough usage they had received.
The prisoners complained, too, of lack of food, and of the fearful sanitary arrangements in their trenches. So that the very cold weather, though a mixed blessing, did nevertheless serve the Anzacs by its dispiriting influence upon the Turk.
For the ravages of disease among the Anzacs, severe as they were, were at least mitigated by sanitary arrangements, and by wholesome food and good clothing. But the Turk was subject to the same causes of disease, intensified by the lack of care that was displayed for the Turkish fighting man. It is certain, then, that though a tough defending force, the Turks who defended Sari Bair in December, 1915, were greatly dispirited, and naturally lacking in the initiative to seize any advantage that might come their way.
This circumstance may serve to explain to some extent the miracle of the successful withdrawal which it is now my task to record. The skilful plans made for this operation, and the boldness and thoroughness with which they were executed, are not in any way depreciated when it is said that the full measure of their success could only have been achieved in the face of an enemy content to defend, and tired of the punishment which any attempt at offensive warfare had always involved him at the hands of the men of Anzac.
CHAPTER XXX
THE LAST OF ANZAC
And so we come to the end of the Great Adventure.
The withdrawal from Gallipoli was suggested to Sir Ian Hamilton as early as October 11. It was the subject of a report by Sir Charles Monro, the skilful British general upon whose plans the transference of the British Army on the Western front to the northern position opposite Ypres was so successfully carried out. It was considered by Lord Kitchener upon the spot in November, and his opinion that it was not only necessary, but immediately necessary, may be held to have clinched the matter.
The men of Anzac divined that it was about to take place early in December, when the liberality with which they were supplied with certain creature comforts gave them cause to consider. They decided that it must be about time for them to go, for they knew that their stores would not be moved when they left. Therefore, they argued, we are being allowed to consume them to prevent the necessity for their wanton destruction. It was close and accurate reasoning.
During the fortnight that preceded December 19, the night of the actual withdrawal, there was a gradual movement of equipment and men from Gallipoli by night. But the greater part of the work had to be crowded into one night, and for this delicate operation unusual weather conditions were essential. Strong winds and a rough sea are the normal condition of the Gulf of Saros at this time of the year. A smooth sea was an imperative necessity for the abandonment of the peninsula. This condition was fortunately granted, and conduced greatly to the wonderful success which attended the execution of the elaborate plan of withdrawal.
The bulk of the Anzac forces were actually embarked at Ariburnu Beach, north of Anzac Cove. The Cove was exposed to the shellfire of the batteries below Gaba Tepe, including the redoubtable Beachy Bill. The more northerly beach was not so greatly exposed, and possessed equal facilities for embarking troops, though they were not of a very high order.
After the possibility of withdrawal was first mooted I often had the opportunity of discussing with wounded men from Anzac the probable lines on which such an operation might be conducted. The view they took of the position was tersely put by one bushman from Western Australia. "It'll be 'Volunteers for the rearguard. Who wants to die?'" Sir Ian Hamilton has made public his conviction that a withdrawal should have involved the loss of thirty per cent. of the efficient forces taking part in it. Yet the whole work was performed with the loss of but one Anzac soldier wounded!
There were volunteers for the rearguard in plenty. Not one man of the original landing force but claimed as his right a place among the Diehards. There was more open grumbling among the men who were ordered to leave their comrades behind than at any time in the history of the occupation of Anzac. The spirit that had carried them up the cliffs on that first day of landing still burned as brightly within them when they were called upon at last to turn their backs on the scene of their sufferings, and of a failure that was more glorious than success.
Their personal preparations for departure were simple enough. Some prepared farewell messages to their old enemy Abdul, praising him for the decency he had shown in the long struggle against them. They were able to leave, bearing no grudge against the Turk, whether officer or common soldier, and they thought it fitting to signify as much.
Others paid their last visit to the graves of fallen comrades, scattered, alas! so thickly over the sad and accursed hills that have been drenched with so much Australasian blood. They re-painted the rough stumps that marked these honoured graves, and renewed the simple inscriptions that distinguished them. The wild holly may soon overgrow the ground where these heroes lie, but the men of Anzac are certain that their chivalrous foes will not mar their record by any desecration of this hallowed ground, so far from the native land of those who lie there.
Soon after dark the transports and warships slipped up from Cape Helles, and the actual work of withdrawal was put in hand forthwith. It was covered by a strong demonstration at Cape Helles, which was maintained throughout the night with the utmost vigour. One by one the transports were loaded, and slipped away, actually ahead of their time-table. The enemy, to all appearance oblivious to what was going on, kept up the desultory rifle fire and bomb throwing without which a night could not pass at Anzac.
After midnight the men who still held the pioneer outposts at the Apex, Lone Pine, and Chatham Outpost, were all withdrawn without arousing any suspicion. Then the first really demonstrative event of the night took place. A large store of explosive had been collected and placed in a tunnel underneath the Neck, the narrow strip of land which connected Russell's Top with the slope of Baby 700. This huge mine was exploded, with the probable effect that a huge chasm now yawns where there was formerly a passage from Walker's Ridge to the slopes of Sari Bair.
There were boats at Anzac Cove and at Brighton Beach to take off the Diehards, who now hurried to the nearest landing place from all the outer posts. The two big howitzers were blown up, and a few of the Australian eighteen pounders as well; the remainder were got away in safety. A huge mass of stores on the beach was fired, and at the same time a great bonfire at Suvla Bay to the north showed that the plan of withdrawal had there been executed with equal success.
And so, by the grace of God and by the efficiency of the British Navy, the impossible happened again. The whole Anzac force was removed from its precarious footing, in the face of a foe vastly superior in numbers without the death of one single man. The skilful plans had succeeded beyond all possible expectation, and the word failure had to be written to the finish of the Epic of Anzac, but not Disaster.
Australia and New Zealand received the news with the calm that a sane knowledge of the probabilities had made possible. Those who expected or feared that there would be any useless recrimination from Overseas were agreeably disappointed. "It is a blow," said the Oversea Prime Ministers, "but it will only serve to nerve us to greater efforts toward the final victory." Both Dominions forthwith undertook to raise very substantial additions to the forces they were already preparing to take part in the Great War.
The men of Anzac themselves turned their backs on the place that has made them famous with unaffected relief. They had endured there as few armies have ever been called upon to endure, and had long recognized the hopelessness of their position. They took little satisfaction in fighting the Turks, whom they regarded as innocent and honourable victims of the ambition and cowardice of another nation. They had left Australasia in the hope of exchanging blows with the men of that hated nation that has brought woe upon the whole world. One regret only they had; and this Mr. Malcolm Ross, the official representative with the New Zealand forces, has allowed a young New Zealand trooper to express.
"I hope, sir," he said to his battalion commander as they marched past the graves of the immortal dead, "that those fellows who lie buried here will be soundly sleeping, and will not hear us as we march away."
HONOURS LIST
AUSTRALIAN FORCES
C.B
Lieut. – Col. Granville John Burnage, A.I.F.
Lieut. – Col. J. H. Cannan, 15th (Q. and Tas.) Batt.
Col. (temp. Brig. – Gen.) Henry George Chauvel, C.M.G., 1st (N.S.W.) L.H.
Lieut. – Col. R. E. Courtney, 14th (Vic.) Batt.
Col. (temp. Brig. – Gen.) J. J. T. Hobbs, Commanding Div. Artillery.
Col. (temp. Brig. – Gen.) Frederick Godfrey Hughes, 3rd (S.A. and Tas.) L.H.
Lieut. – Col. G. J. Johnston, 2nd A.F.A.
Col. (temp. Brig. – Gen.) the Hon. James Whiteside McCay, A.I.F.
Col. (temp. Brig. – Gen.) John Monash, A.I.F.
Lieut. – Col. Harold Pope, A.I.F.
Lieut. – Col. C. Rosenthal, 3rd A.F.A.
Lieut. – Col. E. H. Smith, 12th (S.A., W.A., and Tas.) Batt.
C.M.G
Col. the Hon. J. L. Beeston, A.A.M.C.
Lieut. – Col. A. J. Bennett, D.S.O., 1st (N.S.W.) Batt.
Lieut. – Col. H. S. Bennett, 6th (Vic.) Batt.
Major A. J. Bessell-Browne, D.S.O., 3rd A.F.A.
Major E. A. D. Brockman, 11th (W.A.) Batt.
Major (temp. Lieut. – Col.) Walter Edmund Hutchison Cass, 2nd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Lieut. – Col. S. E. Christian, 1st A.F.A.
Major G. H. M. King, 1st A.F.A.
Major David McFie McConaghey, 3rd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Lieut. – Col. Charles Melville Macnaghten, Commanding 4th (N.S.W.) Batt.
Lieut. – Col. J. T. Marsh, Div. Train, A.A.S.C.
Lieut. – Col. Thomas Morgan Martin, Commanding No. 2 Australian General Hospital.
Lieut. – Col. R. H. Owen, 3rd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Major R. L. R. Rabett, 1st A.F.A.
Major (temp. Lieut. – Col.) J. C. Robertson, 9th (Q.) Batt.
Col. (temp. Brig. – Gen.) Granville de Laune Ryrie, Commanding L.H. Brig.
Major G. I. Stevenson, 2nd A.F.A.
Lieut. – Col. D. S. Wanliss, 5th (Vic.) Batt.
Major John Lawrence Whitham, 12th (S.A., W.A. and Tas.) Batt.
D.S.O
Major Charles Henry Brand, 3rd Australian Infantry Brigade.
Major William Livingstone Hatchwell Burgess, 9th (Q.) Batt.
Capt. Arthur Graham Butler, Australian Army Med. Corps (attached 9th (Q.) Batt.).
Capt. Cecil Arthur Callaghan, 2nd Batt. A.F.A.
Major James Samuel Denton, 11th (W.A.) Batt.
The Rev. Walter Ernest Dexter, M.A., Chaplain, 4th Class, Chaplains' Dept.
Major G. Eberling, 8th (Vic.) Batt.
The Rev. Father John Fahey, Chaplain, 4th Class, Chaplains' Dept.
Major James Heane, 4th (N.S.W.) Batt.
Major H. W. Lloyd, 1st A.F.A.
Major F. M. de F. Lorenzo, 10th (S.A.) Batt.
Lieut. – Col. Walter Ramsay McNicoll, 6th (Vic.) Batt.
Major William Owen Mansbridge, 16th (S.A. and W.A.) Batt.
Major Athelstan Markham Martyn, 2nd Field Co., A.E.
Major Robert Rankine, 14th (Vic.) Batt.
Capt. Cecil Duncan Sasse, 1st (N.S.W.) Batt.
Capt. Alan Humphrey Scott, 4th (N.S.W.) Batt.
Major A. B. Stevens, 2nd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Major (temp. Lieut. – Col.) L. E. Tilney, 16th (S.A. and W.A.) Batt.
Lieut. – Col. Cyril Brudenell Bingham White, Royal Australian Garrison Artillery, Staff.
MILITARY CROSS
Capt. James Sinclair Standish Anderson, Staff Capt.
Lieut, (temp. Capt.) H. Bachtold, 1st Field Co., A.E.
Sec. Lieut. Edwin Thorburn Bazeley, 22nd Batt.
Capt. Marwood Harold Cleeve, A.A.S.C.
Capt. Charles Stanley Coltman, 4th (N.S.W.) Batt.
Capt. George Cooper, 14th (Vic.) Batt.
Lieut. George Norman Croker, 3rd Field Co., A.E.
Lieut. Alfred Plumley Derham, 5th (Vic.) Batt.
Capt. Joseph Espie Dods, A.A.M.C.
Lieut. Charles Fortescue, 9th (Q.) Batt.
Lieut. Ronald Garnet Hamilton, Aust. Div. Sig. Co.
Lieut. Geoffrey Hamlyn Lavicourt Harris, 1st (N.S.W.) L.H.
Capt. John Hill, 15th (Q. and Tas.) Batt.
Capt. Owen Glendower Howell-Price, 3rd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Lieut. Herbert James, 11th (W.A.) Batt.
Capt. Raymond Lionel Leane, 11th (W.A.) Batt.
Lieut. Joseph Edward Lee, 13th (N.S.W.) Batt.
Lieut. Reginald George Legge, 13th (N.S.W.) Batt.
Capt. John Thomas McColl (Commonwealth Military Forces).
Capt. Geoffrey McLaughlin, 1st (N.S.W.) Batt.
Capt. Jasper Kenneth Gordon Magee, 4th (N.S.W.) Batt.
Lieut. Norman Marshall, 5th (Vic.) Batt.
Lieut. James Herbert Mirams, 2nd Field Co., A.E.
Sec. Lieut. William Anderson Moncur, 6th (Vic.) Batt.
Sec. Lieut. Ralph Ingram Moore, 3rd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Temp. Lieut. Alan Wilson Morey (S.A.), Royal Scots.
Capt. John Henry Francis Paine, 2nd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Lieut. (temp. Capt.) U. E. Parry-Okeden, 1st Aust. Div. Amm. Park.
Capt. Henry Petre, Aeroplane Section.
Sec. Lieut. Robert Ramsay, 1st (N.S.W.) Batt.
Capt. Clifford Russell Richardson, 2nd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Lieut. Percy John Ross, 7th Batt. A.F.A.
Lieut. Alfred John Shout, 1st (N.S.W.) Batt.
Capt. James William Albert Simpson, 13th (N.S.W.) Batt.
Lieut. Samuel Edward Sinclair, 1st A.F.A.
No. 96 Sergt. – Maj. D. Smith, 5th (Vic.) Batt.
Lieut. John Charles Merriman Traill, 8th (Vic.) Batt.
Capt. William Charles Nightingale Waite, Aust. Artillery.
D.C.M
No. 6 Sergt. A. Anderson, 2nd (N.S.W.) Batt.
No. 189 Sergt. W. Ayling, 11th (W.A.) Batt.
No. 881 Cpl. G. Ball, 7th (Vic.) Batt.
Cpl. R. Barrett, 15th Batt.
Bdr. C. W. Baxter, Hdqrs. Staff, 1st F.A. Brigade.
No. 1041 Pte. A. Bell, 23rd (Vic.) Batt.
No. 695 Pte. W. J. Birrell, C Co., 7th (Vic.) Batt.
No. 170 Lce. – Cpl. P. Black, 16th (S.A. and W.A.) Batt.
No. 503 Cpl. H. Brennan, 20th (N.S.W.) Batt.
No. 997 Pte. L. W. Burnett, A.A.M.C.
Pte. R. R. Chapman, 13th Batt.
B. Dvr. N. Clark, F.A.
No. 182 Sergt. W. A. Connell, 12th (S.A., W.A. and Tas.) Batt.
No. 94 Staff Sergt. – Major M. E. E. Corbett, 15th (Q. and Tas.) Batt.
No. 87 Sergt. R. Crawford, 4th (N.S.W.) Batt.
No. 859 Lce. – Cpl. F. P. Curran, 7th (N.S.W.) L.H.
Dvr. G. Dean, Aust. Div. Sig. Co.
No. 1088 Sergt. A. G. Edwards, 3rd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Actg. Sergt. C. J. K. Edwards, F.A.
Dvr. L. Farlow, 4th Inf. Bgde. Train.
No. 325 Pte. A. Farmer, 3rd (N.S.W.) Batt.
No. 851 Lce. – Cpl. W. Francis, 13th (N.S.W.) Batt.
No. 764 Lce. – Cpl. H. W. Freame, 1st (N.S.W.) Batt.
No. 918 Pte. F. Godfrey, 12th (S.A., W.A. and Tas.) Batt.
No. 2 °Cpl. R L. Graham, 3rd. (N.S.W.) Batt.
Sergt. W. J. Henderson, 10th L.H.
No. 1293 Pte. R. Humbertson, 3rd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Bdr. – Fitter D. C. Inglis, 2nd Batt., F.A.
Staff-Sergt. H. Jackson, A.A.M.C.
Pte. W. Kelly, 4th Batt.
No. 1769 Pte. W. J. Kelly, 1st (N.S.W.) Batt.
No. 75 Lce. – Cpl. T. Kennedy, 1st (N.S.W.) Batt.
No. 741 Lce. – Cpl. J. Kenyon, 9th (Q.) Batt.
No. 37 Pte. J. H. Kruger, 22nd Batt.
Co. Sergt. – Major W. C. McCutcheson, 1st Div. Sig. Co.
No. 99 Spr. G. F. McKenzie, 3rd Field Co., A.E.
Lce. – Cpl. H. M. McNee, 10th L.H.
Pte. F. O. McRae, 1st L.H.F. Amb.
No. 280 Pte. A. C. B. Merrin, 5th (Vic.) Batt.
No. 115 Lce. – Cpl. R. I. Moore, 3rd (N.S.W.) Batt.
Pte. G. L. Peel, 3rd L.H.F. Amb.
No. 4128 Sapper C. R. Rankin, 4th Field Co., A.E.
No. 530 Pte. G. Robey, 9th (Q.) Batt.
No. 1088 Cpl. E. Robson, 4th (N.S.W.) Batt.
No. 212 Sergt. P. F. Ryan, 6th (N.S.W.) L.H.
No. 156 Cpl. A. Sheppard, 2nd Field Co., A.E.
No. 355 Pte. W. E. Sing, 5th (Q.) L.H.
Cpl. P. Smith, 2nd Batt.
Tpr. T. B. Stanley, 10th L.H.
No. 41 Staff Sergt. – Major A. Steele, 9th (Q.) Batt.
No. 1149 Sergt. R. G. Stone, 22nd Batt.
Lce. – Cpl. J. Tallon, 1st Batt.
Bdr. J. P. Thomson, 2nd Batt. F.A.
Pte. J. C. Vaughan, 12th Batt.
Pte. A. J. Vines, 3rd L.H.F. Amb.
No. 1186 Sergt. A. J. Wallish, 11th (W.A.) Batt.
Pte. P. H. Ward, 3rd Batt.
No. 791 Pte. W. Upton, 13th (N.S.W.) Batt.
No. 456 Pte. J. C. Weatherill, 10th (S.A.) Batt.
Cpl. H. Webb, 7th Batt.
No. 1829 Cpl. J. Williams, 5th (Vic.) Batt.
No. 645 Cpl. E. D. Wood, 5th (Vic.) Batt.
No. 213 Pte. A. Wright, 15th (Q. and Tas.) Batt.
No. 2079 Pte. E. Yaxley, 12th (S.A., W.A. and Tas.) Batt.
ROYAL RED CROSS DECORATION
First Class: Miss E. J. Gould (Senior Matron), Australian Nursing Service.
Second Class: Miss M. A. Raye (on duty with Reserve of Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service), Australian Nursing Service.
MENTIONED IN DESPATCHES
Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train
No. 102 Chief P.O. J. H. Beton.
Lieut. T. A. Bond, R.A.N.R.
Lieut. – Commander L. S. Bracegirdle, R.A.N.
No. 108 Able Seaman T. McCarron.
No. 175 Leading Seaman J. McF. Harvey.
No. 42 P.O. S. Pender.
Chief W.O. H. Francis Shepherd, R.A.N.R.
Australian Artillery
No. 2282 Bombr. E. Baynes (killed).
No. 540 Gunner F. T. Brem (killed).
Major W. L. H. Burgess.
Capt. C. A. Callaghan, D.S.O.
No. 2270 Gunner C. C. Carr (killed).
No. 805 Cpl. S. D. Cook.
No. 1678 Bombr. A. F. Dingwall.
No. 1645 Cpl. W. H. East.
No. 1619 Gunner S. A. Hillbeck.
Capt. A. H. K. Jopp.
No. 1655 Bombr. I. G. McKinnon.
Capt. G. McLaughlin.
No. 2020 Gunner P. A. Medhurst.
No. 1796 Cpl. N. Miller.
Major O. F. Phillips.
No. 3522 Gunner J. J. Reid.
Lieut. P. J. Ross.
Lieut. S. E. Sinclair.
Sergt. – Major (W.O.) J. S. Stamps.
Capt. W. C. N. Waite.
No. 1536 Dvr. A. J. Younger.
Australian Engineers
No. 101 Sapper V. H. Allison.
No. 29 Sapper C. H. Batchelor.
No. 78 Lce. – Cpl. J. Climpson.
Major J. M. C. Corlette.
Sec. Lieut. G. N. Croker.
Capt. R. J. Dyer.
No. 26 Acting Sec. Cpl. S. Elliott.
No. 45 Cpl. A. T. Ewart.
Lieut. G. G. S. Gordon.
No. 192 Acting Sergt. J. Graham.
Sec. Lieut. H. Greenway.
Lieut. R. G. Hamilton.
No. 100 Dvr. A. J. Jonas.
No. 73 Lce. – Cpl. L. J. Jordon.
No. 597 Sapper S. Kelly.
No. 120 Lce. – Cpl. J. J. Lobb.
Major A. M. Martyn.
Lieut. J. H. Mirams.
No. 156 Cpl. A. Sheppard.
No. 160 Sapper H. E. Townshend.
No. 41 Sapper S. Vincent.
No. 110 Acting Cpl. G. C. Wilson.
1st Field Company Engineers
No. 99 Sapper G. F. Mackenzie.
No. 191 Sapper F. Reynolds.
Divisional Sig. Co
Lieut. (Hon. Captain) R. H. Goold, Commonwealth Military Forces.
Major H. L. Mackworth, D.S.O., R.E.
1st L.H. (N.S.W.)
No. 36 Pte. B. T. Barnes.
No. 397 Pte. F. Barrow.
No. 562 Cpl. E. E. Collett.
Lieut. G. H. L. Harris.
No. 566 Cpl. T. J. Keys.
No. 570 Pte. W. Little.
No. 437 Pte. R. C. Tancred.
No. 439 Pte. A. E. Thompson.
2nd L.H. (Q.)
Major T. W. Glasgow, D.S.O.
4th L.H. (Vic.)
No. 203 Lce. – Cpl. R. B. Forsyth.
No. 128 Tpr. W. Kerr.
5th L.H. (Q.)
Major S. Midgley, D.S.O.
No. 355 Pte. W. E. Sing.
6th L.H. (N.S.W.)
No. 448 Tpr. C. B. Paul.
No. 212 Sergt. P. F. Ryan.
Capt. G. C. Somerville.
7th L.H. (N.S.W.)
No. 859 Lce. – Cpl. F. P. Curran.
8th L.H. (Vic.)
No. 678 Tpr. F. L. A'Beckett.
No. 225 Lce. – Cpl. J. A. Anderson.
No. 515 Trumpeter L. G. Lawry.
Lieut. E. G. Wilson (killed).
9th L.H. (Vic. and S.A.)
No. 283 Pte. G. C. Howell.
Sec. Lieut. J. M. McDonald.
No. 166 Pte. W. N. Morrison.
10th L.H. (W.A.)
No. 110 Tpr. H. D. Firns (killed).
No. 404 Sergt. H. C. Foss.
Capt. H. P. Fry (killed).
No. 409 Sergt. J. A. Gollan.
No. 293 Lce. – Cpl. W. J. Hampshire.
No. 449 Cpl. E. T. McCleary.
No. 89 Tpr. F. McMahon (killed).
No. 468 Tpr. E. T. Roberts.
Major J. B. Scott.
1st Batt. (N.S.W.)
No. 1250 Pte. D. F. Allen.
No. 764 Lce. – Cpl. H. W. Freame.
No. 623 Pte. C. Judd.
No. 1769 Pte. W. J. Kelly.
No. 75, Lce. – Cpl. T. Kennedy.
Major F. J. Kindon.
No. 32 °C.S.M. J. W. Norris.
No. 171 Pte R. T. Ramsay.
Sec. Lieut. R. T. Ramsay.
Capt. C. D. Sasse, D.S.O.
Lieut. A. J. Shout.
No. 385 Sergt. H. R. Sparkes.
Lieut. G. Steen.
No. 439, Pte. W. Thompson.
Lieut. H. Wells.
No. 555 Sergt. A. E. Wicks.
Lieut. V. Woodforde.
2nd Batt. (N.S.W.)
No. 6 Sergt. A. Anderson.
Lieut. – Col. G. F. Braund, V.D. (killed in action).
No. 496 Pte. A. J. Campbell.
Major (temp. Lieut. – Col.) W. E. H. Cass.
Capt. G. S. Cook.
No. 1745 Pte. W. Gandemy.
Lieut. D. McN. Heugh (died of wounds received in action).
No. 702 Sergt. W. J. Host.
No. 248 R.S.M. R. Howans.
No. 427 Cpl. J. H. McElroy.
No. 432 Pte. F. E. Moir.
No. 1787 Pte. J. A. Montgomery (killed).
Major L. J. Morshead.
No. 972 Pte. W. Nichol.
Capt. J. H. F. Pain.
Capt. C. R. Richardson.
No. 2196 Pte. A. B. Robertson.
Lt. – Col. R. Scobie (killed).
No. 1073 Pte. A. R. Townsend.
Lieut. and Qmr. C. A. White.
3rd Batt. (N.S.W.)
Major C. Austin (killed).
