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CHAPTER XXIII
How to Make a Year Book
Many clubs find it difficult to make year books which shall be clear and comprehensive, and yet cover briefly the entire field they have selected. This is a simple plan:
After the club has agreed on a subject the committee appointed to draw up the year book should meet, bringing with them all available helps, books, maps, magazine articles and cuttings from papers.
With these before them, the committee must lay out in general the main topics for the club to study, dividing it into as many parts as there will be meetings during the year. (In some instances, as where a historical subject is chosen, the Table of Contents in some book of reference will be found helpful.)
Under each of the main divisions of the whole four or five subdivisions should then be made out, corresponding to the number of papers desired on a given day.
Last of all, either at the close of the work planned for each meeting, or at the end of the book, there should be given a list of reference books.
As an example of a year book, one is given here on the history of England, which will be found worked out in detail in Chapter XII of this book.
ENGLAND
I
THE COUNTRY AND ITS RACES
Papers, —
1. Geological and Prehistoric Britain; Relics of the Stone Age.
2. Physical Character of the Country, Scenery, Climate, Products.
3. The Druids and Their Remains; Stonehenge, etc.
4 The Celts; Divisions of the Race, folk lore, etc.
5. The Arthurian Legends.
Suggested Readings, —
Tennyson's "Idylls of the King."
Sir Thomas Malory.
II
THE ROMAN CONQUEST AND EARLY KINGDOMS
Papers, —
1. Julius Cæsar.
Invasion of England.
Roman remains in England.
Roman Roads as they are to-day.
Boadicea.
2. Early Saxon Kings.
Augustine's Conversion of Kent.
Columba at Iona.
Aidan at Holy Island.
Cædmon at Whitby.
Venerable Bede.
3. Alfred and the Danes.
Legends.
Dunstan.
The Danelaw.
Alfred's Reforms.
4. The Last Saxon Kings.
Edward the Confessor.
Harold.
Founding of Westminster Abbey.
(Have a paper on the Abbey if you wish.)
Suggested Readings, —
Death of Columba from Bede's Ecclesiastical History. (Bohn Library.)
Tacitus' "Agricola."
Bulwer's "Harold."
III
THE NORMANS AND ANGEVINS
Papers, —
1. The Normans and the Conquest.
Normans on the Continent.
Domesday Book.
Bayeux Tapestry.
2. The Feudal System.
(See "Ivanhoe," opening chapter.)
Castles, Chivalry, Cathedrals, Cruelties.
3. The Struggle with the Papacy.
Anselm.
Thomas à Becket.
4. England and the Crusades.
5. The Great Charter.
Suggested Readings, —
Chas. Kingsley's "Hereward the Wake."
Scott's "Talisman."
Maurice Hewlett's "Richard Yea and Nay."
Read the story of the murder of Thomas à Becket from Dean Stanley's "Memorials of Canterbury." Have some one who has seen the Domesday Book and the Magna Charta describe them.
IV
HENRY III AND THE FIRST TWO EDWARDS
Papers, —
1. The Universities and the Friars.
Roger Bacon.
2. The Guilds and Fairs.
3. The Jews in England.
Arrival, Special Laws, Famous Jews in English history.
4. The English Parliament.
Places where it has met.
Compare with our form of government.
Describe present buildings.
5. Wallace and Bruce.
Suggested Readings, —
Marlowe's "Edward II."
Jusserand's "Way-faring Life in the Middle Ages."
Jessopp's "Coming of the Friars."
Jane Porter's "Scottish Chiefs."
V
EDWARD III
Papers, —
1. Edward and Scotland.
Death of Bruce, Balliol.
2. Edward and France.
Creçy, Calais, Poitiers.
3. The Black Prince.
The Black Death.
4. Wiclif.
Story of the English Bible. Lollardy.
5. Chancer.
Mediæval Romances.
The Troubadours.
Suggested Readings, —
Froissart's Chronicle.
Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales."
VI
RICHARD II AND RICHARD III
Papers, —
1. The Peasants' Revolt.
Langland's "Piers Plowman."
2. Henry IV and Henry V.
Their characters, their Queens.
Agincourt.
3. Henry VI
The Wars of the Roses.
4. Joan of Arc.
5. Edward IV and Richard III.
"Warwick, the Kingmaker."
The Princes in the Tower.
Caxton.
Suggested Readings, —
Shakespeare's "Henry IV," "Henry V," "Henry VI," "Richard III."
Stevenson's "Black Arrow."
Rossetti's "The King's Tragedy."
De Quincey's "Joan of Arc."
VII
THE TUDORS
Papers, —
1. Henry VII.
Perkin Warbeck.
Sebastian Cabot.
Dean Colet.
Erasmus.
2. Henry VIII.
His Wives, Field of Cloth of Gold.
Quarrel with the Pope, More's "Utopia."
Tyndal's New Testament.
3. Edward VI.
Book of Common Prayer.
Boys' Schools in England.
4. Mary.
Philip of Spain.
Archbishop Cranmer.
Suggested Readings, —
More's "Utopia."
Shakespeare's "Henry VIII."
Scott's "Marmion."
Tennyson's "Queen Mary."
VIII
ELIZABETH, THE GREATEST TUDOR
Papers, —
1. Lady Jane Grey, and Mary, Queen of Scots.
2. Foreign Relations.
The Armada, Holland.
3. The Stage.
Shakespeare, Marlowe, Ben Jonson.
4. Literature.
Lyly, Spenser, Bacon.
5. The Adventurers.
Raleigh, Drake, Frobisher, Sir Philip Sidney.
Suggested Readings, —
Chas. Kingsley's "Westward Ho!"
Scott's "Kenilworth."
Sidney's "Defense of Poesie."
Spenser's "Faërie Queene."
Bacon's Essays.
IX
JAMES I AND CHARLES I
Papers, —
1. James I, The Man.
Birth, character, pedantry. The King James Version of the Bible.
2. The Gunpowder Plot.
3. England and the New World.
Landing of the Pilgrims.
Raleigh's Expeditions, etc.
4. Charles I.
Divine Right of Kings and Parliament.
Lane, Hampden, Pym.
5. Milton.
Suggested Readings, —
Scott's "Fortunes of Nigel."
Milton's "L'Allegro."
Hobbes' "Leviathan."
Longfellow's "Miles Standish."
X
THE COMMONWEALTH
Papers, —
1. Oliver Cromwell and Puritanism.
2. Ireland and Its Problems.
Home Rule.
3. Blake and the English Navy.
4. The Women of the Civil War.
(See Traill's "Social England," Vol. IV, p. 315.)
Suggested Readings, —
Carlyle's "Cromwell."
Evelyn's Diary.
Shorthouse's "John Inglesant."
Browning's "Strafford."
XI
THE RESTORATION
Papers, —
1. Charles II.
Character, Continental Experiences.
General Monk, The Triple Alliance.
The Plague and the Fire.
2. Science.
Newton.
The Royal Society.
3. Literature and the Stage.
Milton's Epic.
Dryden.
Bunyan.
The Dramatists.
4. James II.
The Bloody Circuit.
Siege of Londonderry.
Coming of William of Orange.
The Battle of the Boyne.
Suggested Readings, —
Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress."
Pepys' Diary.
Evelyn's Diary.
Dryden's "Annus Mirabilis."
Defoe's "History of the Great Plague."
Scott's "Peveril of the Peak."
Blackmore's "Lorna Doone."
Conan Doyle's "Micah Clarke."
XII
THE REVOLUTION, AND EVENTS TO GEORGE III
Papers, —
1. William and Mary.
Bill of Rights.
Bank of England.
2. Anne.
Marlborough.
Politics in England.
Union of Scotland, Ireland and Wales with England.
The young Pretender.
The Pamphleteers.
3. George I and George II.
Sir Robert Walpole.
Jacobin plots.
South Sea Company.
Methodists.
Clive in India.
French and English in America.
4. Literature.
Addison and Steele.
Swift.
Defoe.
Johnson.
Suggested Readings, —
Thackeray's "Henry Esmond."
Scott's "Waverley."
Southey's "Battle of Blenheim."
Addison's "Sir Roger de Coverley."
Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe."
Johnson's "Rasselas."
XIII
GEORGE III
Papers, —
1. The Industrial Revolution.
Wedgewood, Hargreaves, Watt.
Arkwright.
Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations."
2. The American Revolution.
The Parliamentary Leaders.
3. The French Revolution.
Burke's "Reflections."
The War in Spain.
Wellington and Waterloo.
Nelson (Lady Hamilton).
4. England and the Slave Trade.
William Wilberforce.
5. Art of the Period.
Painting.
Gainsborough.
Reynolds.
Romney.
Furniture.
Hepplewhite.
Chippendale.
Sheraton.
The Adams brothers.
Suggested Readings, —
Hugo's "Les Miserables" (Battle of Waterloo).
Dickens' "A Tale of Two Cities."
Campbell's "Ye Mariners of England."
Wolfe's "Burial of Sir John More."
The Junius Letters.
Macaulay's "Warren Hastings."
Wilkes' "North Briton, No. 45."
Thackeray's "Four Georges."
XIV
THE VICTORIAN AGE (A)
Papers, —
1. Victoria, The Woman and the Queen.
Personality, husband, children, homes.
2. Victoria's Prime Ministers and their Policies.
Palmerston, Gladstone, Disraeli.
The Period of Reform.
Free Trade.
3. Victorian Wars.
Opium War in China.
Afghanistan.
Crimea.
Sepoy Mutiny.
Khartoum and Chinese Gordon.
Boer War.
4. The British Empire.
Australia.
New Zealand (Democracy).
South Africa.
Canada.
Suggested Readings, —
Victoria's "Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands."
Disraeli's "Lothair" and "Coningsby."
Morley's "Life of Gladstone."
Tennyson's "Charge of the Light Brigade."
Kipling's "Barrack Room Ballads."
XV
THE VICTORIAN AGE (B)
Papers, —
1. The Growth of Democracy.
2. Industry and Invention.
3. Science.
Tyndall, Huxley, Darwin, Spencer.
4. Literature.
Poets, Novelists, Essayists, Historians, Dramatists.
5. Art.
Painting, Sculpture, Architecture.
Decorative Art (William Morris).
Suggested Readings, —
Lecky's "Democracy."
Huxley's "Lay Sermons."
Darwin's "Origin of Species."
Add Selections from the Victorian poets and novelists.
XVI
THE ENGLAND OF TO-DAY
Papers, —
1. Edward VII and George V.
As men, monarchs; their Queens.
2. Lloyd-George and Asquith.
Welsh Disestablishment.
Education Bill.
The Ulster Question.
3. Woman Suffrage in England.
Both Points of View.
English laws regarding women.
4. The European War of 1914.
Modern war weapons and devices.
5. Novelists, poets and playwrights of to-day in England. (See English literature.)
General References.
Encyclopædia Britannica and its year books, and bibliographies.
For literature, Halleck's "English literature" (American Book Co.).
For History, "A Short History of England," by E. P. Cheyney (Ginn & Co.).
For books not in your town library, write the State Librarian at your State Capital.
CHAPTER XXIV
A Model Constitution
The following outline of a Constitution is given, to be followed by clubs according to their need.
Constitution
ARTICLE I
Name
This Club shall be called The Woman's Club.
ARTICLE II
Objects
The objects of this Club shall be to study history, sociology, civics, art, music and any other subjects chosen, to improve our locality and to promote sociability among the members.
ARTICLE III
Membership
Section 1. The membership shall consist of not more than fifty women.
Section 2. Names of candidates for membership, having been nominated and seconded at a regular meeting, shall be submitted to the Membership Committee and, upon a favorable report, shall be elected, upon receiving a majority of the votes of the members present.
Section 3. Any member who has been absent from three consecutive meetings without excuse, may be dropped from the roll by a vote of the majority present at a regular meeting.
Section 4. The dues shall be one dollar a year payable in advance at the first regular meeting in the autumn. Any member having dues unpaid for six months may be dropped from the roll by a vote of the majority present at a regular meeting.
ARTICLE IV
Meetings
Section 1. The Club shall meet regularly on the second Tuesday afternoon of each month from September to June inclusive at places designated by the Place Committee.
Section 2. The May meeting shall be the Annual Meeting for hearing reports from all officers and Standing Committees and for electing the same.
Section 3. Any regular meeting may be postponed by the President with the concurrence of the Vice President and Secretary.
Section 4. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President with the concurrence of the Vice President and Secretary.
ARTICLE V
Officers
Section 1. The officers shall be a President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer, their duties being such as are customary for such officers.
Section 2. The officers shall be elected by ballot at the May meeting each year. They shall hold office until their successors are elected.
ARTICLE VI
Committees
Section 1. The Standing Committees of five each shall be elected annually by ballot at the May meeting; they shall be as follows: Membership, Program, Place and Hospitality.
Section 2. The Membership Committee shall consider all names nominated for membership and report to the Club.
Section 3. The Program Committee shall have charge of the arrangement of the program of each regular meeting and also of a year book to be issued to the members at the June meeting.
Section 4. The Place Committee shall arrange the location of the meetings of the Club and make announcement at least one meeting in advance.
Section 5. The Hospitality Committee shall attend to the social life of the Club.
Section 6. A Nominating Committee shall be appointed by the President at the April meeting to report nominations of officers and committees at the May meeting.
ARTICLE VII
Order of Business
The order of business at the regular meetings shall be: Call to Order, Secretary's Report, Reports of Committees, Business, Program.
ARTICLE VIII
Amendments
The Constitution may be amended at any meeting of the Club, by a two-thirds vote of the members present, notice of amendments proposed having been given at the preceding meeting of the Club.
CHAPTER XXV
Rules of Order for Clubs
An important element in club life is the training it gives in the management of business in committees and public meetings. It is indispensable that every club should learn how to work under regular rules. Jefferson said that they secure "accuracy in business, economy in time, order, uniformity and impartiality."
I – BOOK OF RULES
As a guide, every club should possess a copy of some accepted book of order, to which to refer in cases of difference of opinion as to proper procedure, and the law of the book should be received as final. Officers and members should familiarize themselves thoroughly with the details of such a manual. "Parliamentary Usage for Woman's Clubs" by Emma A. Fox (Doubleday, Page) is satisfactory and up to date.
II – ORGANIZING
A small preliminary difficulty to some is how to organize an as yet unorganized club. The first step is for any one present to rise and nominate some body for temporary chairman, and when this is seconded, to ask those in favor of the person named to say "aye" and the opposed "no" and to turn over the meeting then to the person named. As it is only a temporary office there is not likely to be any negative vote.
III – VOTING
Persons unfamiliar with club methods sometimes are puzzled as to ways of voting. There are several. The simplest is for the President to put a motion by saying "Will those in favor of the motion say aye," and later, "Will those opposed say no." Then she judges which of the two classes is most numerous. If she cannot decide, she may ask to have the vote repeated by raising the hand or by rising, in which case she puts the motion as before, asking those who favor the motion to raise the right hand or to rise. After having the Secretary or tellers count them, she asks those opposed to do the same and has them counted. In case the vote is taken by voice and a member differs from the President's decision as to which side prevailed, she may request a rising vote. In case of every vote the President should declare the result by saying either "the motion is carried," or "the motion is lost." The President herself does not vote, except when the number of the ayes and that of the noes are even, when she casts the deciding vote. If the vote is by ballot, tellers are appointed who distribute slips of paper upon which the members write yes or no, and the ballots are counted by the Secretary or the tellers, and the result is handed in writing to the President who reads it aloud and declares the result. In voting for new members some clubs use a box with white balls for the affirmative and black balls for the negative. After being placed in the box, these are counted by the Secretary and the result is declared by the President as before.
IV – THE PRESIDENT
At every meeting the President shall have before her a written outline of the business to be considered.
It should be understood that the function of the presiding officer is simply to keep the meeting going in an orderly way. She cannot make motions, and ought not to make remarks on any motion. If she desires to do so, she should call upon some one else to preside temporarily.
V – MOTIONS
The only proper way to carry on business is to "have a motion before the house." No subject can be discussed unless two persons agree to bring it up, one making the motion and the other seconding it. After that the President calls for remarks and "gives the floor" to one person, calling her name. While she "has the floor" she is the only person entitled to speak. Interruptions, remarks or questions are out of order, unless with the speaker's permission, which should be asked for only through the President. Much disorder is caused by two or more persons trying to speak at the same time, and it is the duty of the President to prevent this by rapping with her gavel (if this should be necessary) and saying "Will the club please come to order."
VI – SPEAKING
It is considered bad form for any one person to speak twice on the same motion. It is supposed that when the speaker has the floor she will say what she has to say and then give way to others. But if a member wishes to speak a second time on a subject, because some new phase of it may have come up in remarks made after her first speaking, she should ask the President if she may be allowed to speak again, and, if no one objects, it is proper for her to do so. The value of such rules is that they prevent the discussion from becoming a mere general conversation. Also they train speakers to get their ideas well in hand before speaking and to be brief.
VII – CLOSING DEBATE
Sometimes a discussion threatens to run on interminably, and in that case there are ways by which the club can limit it. This may be done by setting an hour at which the debate shall close and the motion be put. When that time arrives the person speaking must be interrupted by the President and the vote taken. In such cases it is sometimes voted that each speaker shall be limited say to five minutes, and when the five minutes are up the President must interrupt the speaker and give the floor to the next one.
Or debate may be ended by somebody moving "the previous question," and if this is seconded, the President, without permitting any discussion whatever, must put it to vote, and if two-thirds favor "the previous question" that means that the original motion must now be put without any further remarks.
Still another way of ending a debate is to move to lay the motion under discussion "on the table." If this is seconded, it must be put by the President without allowing any discussion. If the majority vote to lay the matter on the table, that means that consideration of it is postponed to some future meeting. If no one at a later meeting moves to have it taken from the table, it remains there indefinitely, which means that it is practically dead.
Still another way to end a debate is to move to adjourn. This is always in order and takes precedence of every other motion, and, if carried, ends the session. The business left unfinished must be taken up at the next meeting.
The President should familiarize herself thoroughly with the rules of order and be able to decide on the moment which motions take precedence of others.
VIII – APPEALS
A President may take a position sometimes, in controlling the meeting, which seems unwise or unfair to some. In that case it is always in order for one of those differing with her to say "I move an appeal to the club," and if another says "I second the appeal," the President is bound to put the motion saying "Those in favor of the appeal will say aye"; and then "Those opposed will say no," and if "the ayes have it" the President's decision is reversed and she must abide by the action of the club without remark.
IX – COMMITTEES
In organizations that have much business to transact, it is customary to turn over many of its details to committees, regular or special. It is their duty to confer on these matters, to ask the opinions of other members privately if they are so inclined and having digested the business in point thoroughly to present a definite report upon it at a meeting of the club. If the committee has the full confidence of the club, its report is likely to be accepted without any, or at least much, debate and so time is saved in the club meetings.
In meetings of committees the Chairman occupies the same position as the President in the larger club meetings and the committee business may be carried on in the same orderly manner. However, most committee meetings are likely to be more like a conference or informal conversation and strict rules of order are often a hindrance rather than a help under such circumstances. But, in any case, when the members of the committee have discussed the subject as fully as they wish, the result should be carried out by a formal motion, seconded and carried by vote. To save controversy it is best to have this final motion put into writing. It then becomes the report of the committee to the club.
X – ELECTIONS
In an election of officers and committees it is usual to have a Nominating Committee bring in a complete "slate" or list of nominations. To save time, frequently some one moves that "the Secretary cast a ballot for the persons named." If this is seconded and unanimously carried, the Secretary takes the "slate" just read, and laying it on the table says "I hereby cast a ballot for the persons nominated." But if one person dissents from this motion, ballots must be passed and the vote taken with them.
The nominations made by a Nominating Committee, it should be understood always, do not exclude any member of the club (when seconded, of course) from making other nominations if she wishes, and opportunity should be given to do so. In case two or more nominations are made for any office, voting must be by ballot.
XI – EXECUTIVE SESSION
Sometimes a matter may come up to which it is not wise to give publicity. In that case by motion the club may "go into executive session," which means that all persons not members of the club should retire from the room (unless exceptions are made by special vote) and then the club business is carried on in secret. It is supposed to be a point of honor that no member of the club should give out information concerning anything said or done in executive session.
To persons unused to orderly business in assemblies, such rules as have been described may seem at first to be unnecessary and an annoying limitation on freedom of speech. But really they are not so. They tend to prevent excited controversy, secure justice to everybody in the end, and assist in getting the business of a club done.
