Was Claus-Artur Scheier in diesem Buch unternimmt, ist nicht weniger als der Entwurf einer Philosophie der Moderne im Zeitalter der Medialität. Er geht davon aus, dass die Moderne die klassische Logik des Schlusses durch die Logik der Funktion ersetzt hat. Deren geschichtlicher Ort ist das strukturale Differenzfeld, das Medialität als globales System komplexer Beobachtungen konstituiert. Damit verändert sich die Funktion der Philosophie nicht nur gegenüber der klassischen Metaphysik, sondern auch gegenüber ihren bereits funktionalen Selbstentwürfen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.

Deutlich wird dies im universalistischen Anspruch von Niklas Luhmanns poststrukturalistischer »Supertheorie«. Sie darf als erste umfassende Bestandsaufnahme der medialen Moderne gelten. Luhmann selbst hielt die Philosophie für nur begrenzt »anschlussfähig« an seine Theorie autopoietischer Systeme. Aber wie steht es mit der Anschlussfähigkeit von Luhmanns operationalistischem Entwurf an die Philosophie?

Das Buch behandelt die für die formale Grundlegung der Theorie der Selbstreferenzialität konstitutiven Begriffe wie System und Umwelt, basale Selbstreferenz, Reflexivität, Reflexion, Sach-, Zeit- und Sozialdimension sowie die zentrierenden »differenzlosen Begriffe« Grund, Welt, Realität, Sinn. In Auseinandersetzung mit dem Zeichenbegriff Saussures und dem intentionalen Bewusstsein bei Sartre gelangt Scheier zu einer neuen Auffassung der Theorie selbstreferenzieller Systeme: einem »medialen Existenzialismus«.

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