Kitabı oku: «Collins Gem»
Copyright
HarperCollins Publishers
Westerhill Road
Bishopbriggs
Glasgow G64 2QT
Fourth Edition 2016
© HarperCollins Publishers 1993, 2007, 2010, 2016
Source ISBN: 9780008135942
Ebook Edition © March 2016 ISBN: 9780008163501
Version: 2016-03-01
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank those authors and publishers who kindly gave permission for copyright material to be used in the Collins Corpus. We would also like to thank Times Newspapers Ltd for providing valuable data.
If you would like to comment on any aspect of this book, please contact us at the given address or online.
E-mail: dictionaries@harpercollins.co.uk
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Editor
Holly Tarbet
Contributors
José A. Gálvez
Sinda López Fuentes
David White
For the Publisher
Gerry Breslin
Janice McNeillie
Helen Newstead
Using your phrasebook
Whether you’re on holiday or on business, your Collins Gem Phrasebook and Dictionary is designed to help you locate the exact phrase you need, when you need it. You’ll also gain the confidence to go beyond what is in the book, as you can adapt the phrases by using the dictionary section to substitute your own words.
The Gem Phrasebook and Dictionary includes:
• Over 60 topics arranged thematically, so that you can easily find an expression to suit the situation
• Simple pronunciation which accompanies each word and phrase, to make sure you are understood when speaking aloud
• Tips to safeguard against any cultural faux pas, providing the essential dos and don’ts of local customs or etiquette
• A basic grammar section which will help you to build on your phrases
• FACE TO FACE dialogue sections to give you a flavour of what to expect from a real conversation
• A handy map of the country which shows the major cities and how to pronounce them
• YOU MAY HEAR sections for common announcements and messages, so that you don’t miss important information when out and about
• A user-friendly 3000 word dictionary to ensure you’ll never be stuck for something to say
• A short chapter of LIFELINE phrases for quick reference. These basic words and phrases will be essential to your time abroad
Before you jet off, it’s worth spending time looking through the topics to see what is covered and becoming familiar with pronunciation.
Contents
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Using your phrasebook
Pronouncing Spanish
Top ten tips
Talking to people
Hello/goodbye, yes/no
Key phrases
Signs and notices
Polite expressions
Celebrations
Making friends
Work
Weather
Getting around
Asking the way
Bus and coach
Metro
Train
Taxi
Boat and ferry
Air travel
Customs control
Car hire
Driving
Petrol
Breakdown
Car parts
Road signs
Staying somewhere
Hotel (booking)
Hotel desk
Camping
Self-catering
Shopping
Shopping phrases
Shops
Food (general)
Food (fruit and veg)
Clothes
Clothes (articles)
Maps and guides
Post office
Technology
Leisure
Sightseeing and tourist office
Entertainment
Nightlife
Out and about
Music
Sport
Communications
Telephone and mobile
Text messaging
Internet
Practicalities
Money
Paying
Luggage
Repairs
Complaints
Problems
Emergencies
Health
Pharmacy
Body
Doctor
Dentist
Eating out
Eating places
In a bar/café
Reading the menu
In a restaurant
Dietary requirements
Wines and spirits
Menu reader
Reference
Alphabet
Measurements and quantities
Numbers
Days and months
Time
Time phrases
Public holidays
Phonetic map
Grammar
Dictionary
| English – Spanish | A – C |
| D – F | |
| G – I | |
| J – L | |
| M – O | |
| P – R | |
| S – U | |
| V – Z | |
| Spanish – English | A – C |
| D – F | |
| G – I | |
| J – L | |
| M – O | |
| P – R | |
| S – U | |
| V – Z |
LIFELINE words and phrases
About the Publisher
Pronouncing Spanish
Spelling and pronouncing Spanish are easy once you know the few basic rules. This book has been designed so that as you read the pronunciation of the phrases, you can follow the Spanish. This will help you to recognize the different sounds and give you a feeling for the rhythm of the language.
In Spanish, vowels have only one sound. When you find two together, pronounce both of them in quick succession, as in aceite a-they-te (see note below about pronouncing ce).
You can use this as a guide to pronouncing vowels:
a sounds like a (as in apple)
e sounds like e (as in ever)
i sounds like ee (as in even)
o sounds like o (as in shop)
u sounds like oo (as in zoo)
The syllable to be stressed is marked in bold in the pronunciation. Here are a few rules you should know:
| Spanish | sounds like | example | pronunciation |
| au | ow | autobús | ow-to-boos |
| ca | ka | cama | ka-ma |
| co | ko | con | kon |
| cu | koo | cubo | koobo |
| ce | the | cena | the-na |
| cer | thair | cerca | thairka |
| ci | thee | cine | theene |
| cia | thya | Escocia | es-ko-thya |
| ga | ga | gato | ga-to |
| go | go | algo | algo |
| gu | goo | algún | algoon |
| ge | khe | gente | khente |
| gi | khee | giro | kheero |
| j | kh | jueves | khwe-bes |
| ll | ly | llamo | lya-mo |
| ñ | ny | señor | se-nyor |
| ua | wa | cual | kwal |
| ue | we | vuelva | bwelba |
| v | b | vuelva | bwelba |
| z | th | Zaragoza | tha-ra-go-tha |
h is silent: hora o-ra, hola o-la.
r is rolled and rr even more so.
Note that the th sound in ce and ci is pronounced like in the English word thing. Similarly, the sounds for ge and gi can be tricky to grasp. You can think of kh as in the English words her and he, with strong emphasis on the h.
Top ten tips
1 Greet people with a ‘Buenos días’ or ‘Buenas tardes’ on entering a lift, as it’s rude not to acknowledge them.
2 Spain is not a queuing country: people tend not to queue at bus stops. In places such as shops, banks, markets, etc., people ask ‘¿quién es el último?’ which means ‘who is the last one in the queue?’
3 When addressing elders or people you have been just introduced to, use the polite ‘Usted’ mode of address.
4 Having a ‘siesta’ in the middle of the day is no longer a common tradition. Although some shops, businesses and schools do still close for a couple of hours in the middle of the day, people are generally too busy to have a nap.
5 Taking up spare seats at a table that’s already occupied is not common.
6 Spanish people do not make a habit of saying ‘sorry’, ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ – it is implied in the tone of voice. It is a cultural thing, so don’t think they are being rude!
7 When you enter a restaurant or a home where people are eating, it’s polite to say ‘que aproveche’, meaning ‘enjoy your meal’.
8 Spaniards may speak very loudly, and are often unaware of the fact! It is a cultural trait and does not imply anger or any other emotion.
9 Expect to be interrupted when speaking!
10 Going for ‘tapas’ is a popular Spanish tradition which involves going from bar to bar and enjoying a small dish of something to accompany your drink. These little tasters are often brought as a free complement to a drink.
Talking to people
Hello/goodbye, yes/no
The word for Mr is Señor (se-nyor) and for Mrs/Ms Señora (se-nyo-ra).
| Yes | Sí see |
| No | No no |
| OK! | ¡Vale! ¡ba-le! |
| Thank you | Gracias gra-thyas |
| Thanks very much | Muchas gracias moochas gra-thyas |
| Hello | Hola o-la |
| Goodbye | Adiós a-dyos |
| Goodnight | Buenas noches bwe-nas no-ches |
| Good morning | Buenos días bwe-nos dee-as |
| Good evening | Buenas tardes bwe-nas tardes |
| See you later | Hasta luego asta lwe-go |
| Please | Por favor por fa-bor |
| Don’t mention it | De nada de na-da |
| With pleasure! | ¡Con mucho gusto! ¡kon moocho goosto! |
| Pardon? | ¿Cómo dice? ¿ko-mo deethe? |
| I’m sorry | Lo siento lo syento |
| I don’t know | No sé no se |
| Sir/Mr | Señor/Sr. se-nyor |
| Madam/Mrs/Ms | Señora/Sra. se-nyo-ra |
| Miss | Señorita/Srta. se-nyo-ree-ta |
| Excuse me! (to catch attention) | ¡Oiga, por favor! ¡oyga, por fa-bor! |
| Excuse me (sorry) | Perdón pair-don |
| I don’t understand | No entiendo no en-tyen-do |
| Do you understand? | ¿Entiende? ¿en-tyen-de? |
| Do you speak English? | ¿Habla inglés? ¿a-bla eengles? |
| I speak very little Spanish | Hablo muy poco español a-blo mwee po-ko es-pa-nyol |
| How are you? | ¿Cómo está? ¿ko-mo esta? |
| Fine, thanks | Muy bien, gracias mwee byen, gra-thyas |
| And you? | ¿Y usted? ¿ee oosted? |
Key phrases
When asking for something in a shop or bar, you would ask for what you want, then add por favor.
| the | el/la/los/las el/la/los/las |
| the museum | el museo el moo-se-o |
| the station | la estación la es-ta-thyon |
| the shops | las tiendas las tyendas |
| a/one (masc/fem) | un/una oon/oona |
| a ticket | un billete oon bee-lye-te |
| one stamp | un sello oon se-lyo |
| a room | una habitación oona a-bee-ta-thyon |
| one bottle | una botella oona bo-te-lya |
| some (masculine) | algún/alguno/algunos algoon/al-goo-no/al-goo-nos |
| (feminine) | alguna/algunas al-goo-na/al-goo-nas |
| Would you like some bread? | ¿Quiere pan? ¿kye-re pan? |
| Do you have…? | ¿Tiene…? ¿tye-ne…? |
| Do you have a room? | ¿Tiene una habitación? ¿tye-ne oona a-bee-ta-thyon? |
| I’d like… | Querría… ke-rree-a… |
| We’d like… | Querríamos… ke-rree-a-mos… |
| I’d like an ice cream | Querría un helado ke-rree-a oon e-la-do |
| We’d like to visit Toledo | Querríamos visitar Toledo ke-rree-a-mos bee-see-tar to-le-do |
| Some more bread? | ¿Más pan? ¿mas pan? |
| Some more soup? | ¿Más sopa? ¿mas so-pa? |
| Some more glasses? | ¿Más vasos? ¿mas ba-sos? |
| Another coffee | Otro café o-tro ka-fe |
| Another beer | Otra cerveza o-tra thair-be-tha |
| How much is it? | ¿Cuánto es? ¿kwanto es? |
| How much is the room? | ¿Cuánto cuesta la habitación? ¿kwanto kwesta la a-bee-ta-thyon? |
| large/small | grande/pequeño grande/pe-ke-nyo |
| with/without | con/sin kon/seen |
| Where is…? | ¿Dónde está…? ¿donde esta…? |
| Where are…? | ¿Dónde están…? ¿donde estan…? |
| Where is the station? | ¿Dónde está la estación? ¿donde esta la es-ta-thyon? |
| Where are the toilets? | ¿Dónde están los aseos? ¿donde estan los a-se-os? |
| How do I get to…? | ¿Cómo se va a…? ¿ko-mo se ba a…? |
| to the park | al parque al parke |
| to the station | a la estación a la es-ta-thyon |
| to Madrid | a Madrid a ma-dreed |
| There is/are… | Hay… aee… |
| There isn’t/aren’t any… | No hay… no aee… |
| When…? | ¿Cuándo…? ¿kwando…? |
| At what time…? | ¿A qué hora…? ¿a ke o-ra…? |
| today | hoy oy |
| tomorrow | mañana ma-nya-na |
| Can I smoke? | ¿Puedo fumar? ¿pwe-do foomar? |
| Can I taste it? | ¿Puedo probarlo? ¿pwe-do pro-bar-lo? |
| How does this work? | ¿Cómo funciona esto? ¿ko-mo foon-thyo-na esto? |
| What does this mean? | ¿Qué significa esto? ¿ke seeg-nee-fee-ka esto? |
Signs and notices
| entrada | entrance |
| abierto | open |
| agua potable | drinking water |
| importe exacto | exact amount |
| no se admiten devoluciones | no refunds |
| no devuelve cambio | no change given |
| probadores | changing rooms |
| prohibido bañarse | no bathing |
| salida | exit |
| cerrado | closed |
| caliente | hot |
| frío | cold |
| caja | cash desk |
| autoservicio | self-service |
| tirar | pull |
| empujar | push |
| aseos | toilets |
| libre | vacant |
| ocupado | engaged |
| caballeros | gents |
| señoras | ladies |
| fuera de servicio | out of order |
| se aquila | for hire/to rent |
| se vende | for sale |
| rebajas | sale |
| sótano | basement |
| planta baja | ground floor |
| ascensor | lift |
| acceso a vías | to trains |
| habitaciones libres | rooms available |
| salida de emergencia | emergency exit |
| completo | no vacancies |
| seleccione | choose |
| mañanas | mornings |
| tardes | afternoons |
| horario | timetable |
| llamar | ring |
| pulsar | press |
| billetes | tickets |
| salidas | departures |
| llegadas | arrivals |
| información | information |
| privado | private |
Polite expressions
There are two forms of address in Spanish: polite (usted) and familiar (tú). You should always stick to the polite form until you are invited to tutear (use the familiar tú).
| The meal/dinner was delicious | La comida/cena estaba deliciosa la ko-mee-da/the-na es-ta-ba de-lee-thyo-sa |
| This is a gift for you | Esto es un regalo para usted/ustedes (ti/vosotros)esto es oon re-ga-lo pa-ra oosted/oostedes (tee/bo-so-tros) |
| Thank you very much | Muchas gracias moochas gra-thyas |
| Pleased to meet you | Encantado(a) en-kan-ta-do(a) |
| This is… | Le presento a… le pre-sen-to a… |
| my husband/wife | mi marido/mujer mee ma-ree-do/mookhair |
| Enjoy your holiday! | ¡Que disfrute(n) de sus vacaciones! ¡ke dees-froo-te(n) de soos ba-ka-thyo-nes! |
| Have a good trip! | ¡Buen viaje! ¡bwen bya-khe! |
Celebrations
Traditional Christmas celebrations mainly take place on the night of Nochebuena (Christmas Eve). Presents are traditionally given on el Día de Reyes (6th January) but due to ever-increasing foreign influence some people also give presents on Christmas Day. On Nochevieja (New Year’s Eve) people take to the streets to welcome in the New Year. After midnight they attend parties known as cotillones.
| I’d like to wish you a… | Le(Te) deseo que pase(s) un/unas… le(te) de-se-o ke pa-se(s) oon/oonas… |
| Happy Easter!/Merry Christmas! | ¡Felices Pascuas!/¡Feliz Navidad! ¡fe-lee-thes paskwas!/¡feleeth na-bee-dad! |
| Happy New Year! | ¡Feliz Año (Nuevo)! ¡feleeth a-nyo (nwe-bo)! |
| Happy birthday! | ¡Feliz cumpleaños!/¡Felicidades! ¡feleeth koom-ple-a-nyos!/¡fe-lee-thee-da-des! |
Making friends
In this section we have used the familiar tú for the questions.
FACE TO FACE
¿Cómo te llamas?
¿ko-mo te lya-mas?
What’s your name?
Me llamo…
me lya-mo…
My name is…
¿De dónde eres?
¿de donde e-res?
Where are you from?
Soy escocés (escocesa), de Glasgow
soy es-ko-thes (es-ko-the-sa), de glasgow
I’m Scottish, from Glasgow
Encantado(a) de conocerte
en-kan-ta-do(a) de ko-no-thair-te
Pleased to meet you
| How old are you? | ¿Cuántos años tienes? ¿kwantos a-nyos tye-nes? |
| I’m … years old | Tengo … años tengo … a-nyos |
| Where do you live? | ¿Dónde vives? ¿donde beebes? |
| Where do you live? (plural) | ¿Dónde vivís? ¿donde beebees? |
| I live in London | Vivo en Londres beebo en londres |
| We live in Glasgow | Vivimos en Glasgow bee-bee-mos en glasgow |
| England/English | Inglaterra/inglés(esa) een-gla-te-rra/eengles/een-gle-sa |
| Scotland/Scottish | Escocia/escocés(esa) es-ko-thya/es-ko-thes/es-ko-the-sa |
| Wales/Welsh | Gales/galés(esa) ga-les/ga-les/ga-le-sa |
| Ireland/Irish | Irlanda/irlandés(esa) eer-lan-da/eer-lan-des/eer-lan-de-sa |
| USA/American | Estados Unidos/norteamericano(a) es-ta-dos oonee-dos/nor-te-a-meree ka-no(a) |
| Australia/Australian | Australia/australiano(a) ows-tra-lya/ows-tra-lya-no(a) |
| I’m still studying | Todavía estoy estudiando toda-bee-a estoy es-too-dyan-do |
| I work | Trabajo tra-ba-kho |
| I’m retired | Estoy jubilado(a) estoy khoo-bee-la-do(a) |
| I’m… | Estoy… estoy… |
| single | soltero(a) sol-te-ro(a) |
| married | casado(a) ka-sa-do(a) |
| divorced | divorciado(a) dee-bor-thya-do(a) |
| I have… | Tengo… tengo… |
| a boyfriend | novio no-byo |
| a girlfriend | novia no-bya |
| a partner | pareja pa-re-kha |
| I have … children | Tengo … hijos tengo … eekhos |
| I have no children | No tengo hijos no tengo eekhos |
| I’m here… | Estoy aquí… estoy a-kee… |
| on holiday | de vacaciones de ba-ka-thyo-nes |
| for work | por razones de trabajo por ra-tho-nes de tra-ba-kho |
Work
| What work do you do? | ¿En qué trabaja? ¿en ke tra-ba-kha? |
| Do you enjoy it? | ¿Le gusta? ¿le goosta? |
| I’m… | Soy… soy… |
| a doctor | médico(a) me-dee-ko(a) |
| a teacher | profesor(a) pro-fe-sor(a) |
| a secretary | secretaria se-kre-ta-rya |
| I’m self-employed | Soy autónomo soy ow-tonomo |
Weather
| los chubascos los choo-bas-kos | showers |
| despejado des-pe-kha-do | clear |
| la lluvia la lyoobya | rain |
| la niebla la nye-bla | fog |
| nublado noo-bla-do | cloudy |
| It’s sunny | Hace sol a-the sol |
| It’s raining | Está lloviendo esta lyo-byen-do |
| It’s snowing | Está nevando esta ne-ban-do |
| It’s windy | Hace viento a-the byento |
| What a lovely day! | ¡Qué día más bueno! ¡ke dee-a mas bwe-no! |
| What awful weather! | ¡Qué tiempo tan malo! ¡ke tyempo tan ma-lo! |
| What will the weather be like tomorrow? | ¿Qué tiempo hará mañana? ¿ke tyempo a-ra ma-nya-na? |
| Do you think it’s going to rain? | ¿Cree que va a llover? ¿kre-e ke ba a lyo-bair? |
| It’s very hot | Hace mucho calor a-the moocho ka-lor |
| Do you think there will be a storm? | ¿Cree que va a haber tormenta? ¿kre-e ke ba a a-bair tor-men-ta? |
| Do you think it will snow? | ¿Le parece que va a nevar? ¿le pa-re-the ke ba a ne-bar? |
| What is the temperature? | ¿Qué temperatura hace? ¿ke tem-pe-ra-too-ra a-the? |
Getting around
Asking the way
| enfrente (de) en-fren-te (de) | opposite (to) |
| al lado de al la-do de | next to |
| cerca de thairka de | near to |
| el semáforo el se-ma-fo-ro | traffic lights |
| en la esquina en la es-kee-na | at the corner |
FACE TO FACE
Oiga, señor/señora, ¿cómo se va a la estación?
oyga, se-nyor/se-nyo-ra, ¿ko-mo se ba a la es-ta-thyon?
Excuse me, how do I get to the station?
Siga recto, después de la iglesia gire a la derecha/izquierda
seega rekto, despwes de la ee-gle-sya kheere a la de-re-cha/eeth-kyair-da
Keep straight on, after the church turn right/left
¿Está lejos? ¿esta le-khos?
Is it far?
No, a doscientos metros/cinco minutos
no, a dos-thyen-tos me-tros/theenko mee-noo-tos
No, 200 metres/five minutes
Gracias! gra-thyas! Thank you!
De nada
de na-da
You’re welcome
| We’re looking for… | Estamos buscando… es-ta-mos boos-kan-do… |
| Is it far? | ¿Está lejos? ¿esta le-khos? |
| Can I/we walk there? | ¿Se puede ir andando? ¿se pwe-de eer an-dan-do? |
| How do I/we get to the centre of (name of town)? | ¿Cómo se va al centro de…? ¿ko-mo se ba al thentro de…? |
| We’re lost | Nos hemos perdido nos e-mos pair-dee-do |
| Can you show me where it is on the map? | ¿Puede indicarme dónde está en el mapa? ¿pwe-de een-dee-kar-me donde esta en el ma-pa? |
| YOU MAY HEAR… | |
| Después de pasar el puente despwes de pa-sar el pwente | After passing the bridge |
| Gire a la izquierda/derecha kheere a la eeth-kyair-da/de-re-cha | Turn left/right |
| Siga todo recto hasta llegar a… seega to-do rekto asta lye-gar a… | Keep straight on until you get to… |
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