Kitabı oku: «Collins Gem»
Copyright
HarperCollins Publishers
Westerhill Road
Bishopbriggs
Glasgow G64 2QT
Fourth Edition 2016
© HarperCollins Publishers 1993, 2007, 2010, 2016
Source ISBN: 9780008135966
Ebook Edition © March 2016 ISBN: 9780008163525
Version: 2016-03-01
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank those authors and publishers who kindly gave permission for copyright material to be used in the Collins Corpus. We would also like to thank Times Newspapers Ltd for providing valuable data.
If you would like to comment on any aspect of this book, please contact us at the given address or online.
E-mail: dictionaries@harpercollins.co.uk
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Editor
Holly Tarbet
Contributors
Helen Galloway
Janice McNeillie
Jany Schneider
For the Publisher
Gerry Breslin
Helen Newstead
Sarah Woods
Using your phrasebook
Whether you’re on holiday or on business, your Collins Gem Phrasebook and Dictionary is designed to help you locate the exact phrase you need, when you need it. You’ll also gain the confidence to go beyond what is in the book, as you can adapt the phrases by using the dictionary section to substitute your own words.
The Gem Phrasebook and Dictionary includes:
• Over 60 topics arranged thematically, so that you can easily find an expression to suit the situation
• Simple pronunciation which accompanies each word and phrase, to make sure you are understood when speaking aloud
• Tips to safeguard against any cultural faux pas, providing the essential dos and don’ts of local customs or etiquette
• A basic grammar section which will help you to build on your phrases
• FACE TO FACE dialogue sections to give you a flavour of what to expect from a real conversation
• A handy map of the country which shows the major cities and how to pronounce them
• YOU MAY HEAR sections for common announcements and messages, so that you don’t miss important information when out and about
• A user-friendly 3000 word dictionary to ensure you’ll never be stuck for something to say
• A short chapter of LIFELINE phrases for quick reference. These basic words and phrases will be essential to your time abroad
Before you jet off, it’s worth spending time looking through the topics to see what is covered and becoming familiar with pronunciation.
Contents
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Using your phrasebook
Pronouncing German
Top ten tips
Talking to people
Hello/goodbye, yes/no
Key phrases
Signs and notices
Polite expressions
Celebrations
Making friends
Weather
Getting around
Asking the way
Bus and coach
Metro
Train
Taxi
Boat and ferry
Air travel
Customs control
Car hire
Driving
Petrol
Breakdown
Car parts
Road signs
Staying somewhere
Hotel (booking)
Hotel desk
Camping
Self-catering
Shopping
Shopping phrases
Shops
Food (general)
Food (fruit and veg)
Clothes
Clothes (articles)
Maps and guides
Post office
Technology
Leisure
Sightseeing and tourist office
Music
Out and about
Nightlife
Sport
Walking
Communications
Telephone and mobile
Text messaging
Internet
Practicalities
Money
Paying
Luggage
Complaints
Problems
Emergencies
Health
Pharmacy
Doctor
Dentist
Eating out
Eating places
In a bar/café
Reading the menu
In a restaurant
Dietary requirements
Wines and spirits
Menu reader
Reference
Alphabet
Measurements and quantities
Numbers
Days and months
Time
Time phrases
Public holidays
Phonetic maps
Grammar
Dictionary
| English – German | A – C |
| D – F | |
| G – I | |
| J – L | |
| M – O | |
| P – R | |
| S – U | |
| V – Z | |
| German – English | A – C |
| D – F | |
| G – I | |
| J – L | |
| M – O | |
| P – R | |
| S – U | |
| V – Z |
LIFELINE words and phrases
About the Publisher
Pronouncing German
In this book you are given the pronunciation of the phrases so that you will soon be able to recognize the different sounds. (The stressed syllable is marked in bold.) Here are a few rules you should know:
| German | sounds like | example | pronunciation |
| a | cup/father | das/Abend | das/ahbent |
| e | bed/hair | Bett/Meer | bet/mehr |
| o | not/road | oft/rot | oft/roht |
| u | put/boot | Nummer/gut | noommer/goot |
| ai/ay | pie | Mai/Mayer | my/my-er |
| au | now | Auto | owtoh |
| ei/ey | pie | eine/Meyer | yn-e/my-er |
| eu | toy | neun | noyn |
| ie | keep | sie | zee |
| ch | loch | wach | vakh |
| j | yes | jagen | yahgen |
| qu | dark violet | Quittung | kvittoong |
| s | dress dizzy ship | es sie sprechen | es zee shprekh-en |
| ß | juice | Fuß | foos |
| th | tea | Theater | teh-ahter |
| v | fan | von | fon |
| w | van | wir | veer |
| z | pets | Zimmer | tsimmer |
Umlauts
| German | sounds like | example | pronunciation |
| ä | bed/hair | hätte/spät | het-e/shpeht |
| äu | boy | läutet | loytet |
| ö | Arthur/fur | können/Höhe | kur’nen/hur’-e* |
| ü | duke/due | dürfen/Mühe | duerfen/mue-e |
* ur’ as in hurt without the r pronounced
A final e is always pronounced, but weakly like the e in the: Seide (zy-de), bitte (bit-e).
An underline indicates a short vowel, e.g. Mutter (mootter), Mörder (murder), Küste (kueste).
If an h is added after the vowel, the sound is longer, e.g. Tag (tahk), Mädchen (meht-khen), Leben (lehben), hoch (hohkh).
Top ten tips
1 Germans may close doors more often than you are used to, but a closed door does not necessarily mean that the person cannot be disturbed. They are probably happy to receive you if you knock before entering.
2 If someone holds an academic title it’s always polite to use it.
3 When introduced to an adult, address them by their title and surname until they suggest using first names.
4 If the person you are talking to sneezes, say ‘Gesundheit’ (bless you!).
5 Shake hands when you get introduced to an adult.
6 In restaurants in general, wait until everyone is served before you dig in, and say ‘Guten Appetit!’ before you start. The latter is not entirely necessary, but considered good form.
7 Always use the polite ‘Sie’ form, except with friends and colleagues of your own age.
8 When asked ‘Wie geht es Ihnen?’ you should respond by first thanking them, saying ‘Danke, gut’.
9 Answer the phone by using your surname: ‘Bader, hallo’; if you’re at work, then follow this with the name of your company.
10 Sundays are sacred. It’s the ‘Ruhetag’ so you should be aware that noise is kept to a minimum.
Talking to people
Hello/goodbye, yes/no
When Germans meet they generally shake hands. The words for Mr and Mrs are Herr and Frau. Note that Fräulein (Miss) is no longer used, as it sounds rather patronizing.
| Please/Don’t mention it | Bittebit-e |
| Thanks (very much) | Danke schön dang-ke shur’n |
| Yes | Ja yah |
| No | Nein nyn |
| OK! | Ok! okay! |
| Sir/Mr | Herr her |
| Madam/Mrs/Ms | Frau frow |
| Miss (rarely used nowadays) | Fräulein froylyn |
| Hello | Guten Tag gooten tahk |
| Hi | Hallo hahloh, halloh |
| Goodbye | Auf Wiedersehen owf veeder-zehn |
| Bye | Tschüss tshues |
| See you later | Bis später bis shpehter |
| See you tomorrow | Bis morgen bis morgen |
| Good morning | Guten Morgen gooten morgen |
| Good evening | Guten Abend gooten ahbent |
| Goodnight | Gute Nacht goote nakht |
| Excuse me!/Sorry! | Entschuldigung! entshooldi-goong! |
| Pardon? | Wie bitte? vee bit-e? |
| How are you? | Wie geht es Ihnen? vee geht es eenen? |
| Fine, thanks | Danke, gut dang-ke, goot |
| And you? | Und Ihnen? oont eenen? |
| I don’t speak German | Ich spreche kein Deutsch ikh shpre-khe kyn doytsh |
| Do you speak English? | Sprechen Sie Englisch? shprekh-en zee eng-lish? |
Key phrases
You don’t need to say complicated things to get what you want. Often simply naming the thing and adding bitte will do the trick.
| the (masculine) | der/den dehr/dehn |
| (feminine) | die dee |
| (neuter) | das das |
| (plural) | die dee |
| the station | der Bahnhof dehr bahn-hohf |
| the shops | die Geschäfte dee geshef-te |
| a/one (masculine) | ein/einen yn/yn-en |
| (feminine) | eine yn-e |
| (neuter) | ein yn |
| a ticket | eine Fahrkarte yn-e fahrkar-te |
| one stamp | eine Briefmarke yn-e breefmar-ke |
| a room | ein Zimmer yn tsimmer |
| one bottle | eine Flasche yn-e flash-e |
| some (uncountable) | etwas… etvas… |
| (countable) | ein paar… yn pahr… |
| some sugar | etwas Zucker etvas tsooker |
| some jam | etwas Marmelade etvas mar-me-lah-de |
| some cherries | ein paar Kirschen yn pahr kirshen |
| Do you have a room? | Haben Sie ein Zimmer frei? hahben zee yn tsimmer fry? |
| Do you have some milk? | Haben Sie etwas Milch? hahben zee etvas milkh? |
| I’d like… | Ich möchte… ikh mur’kh-te… |
| We’d like… | Wir möchten… veer mur’khten… |
| Some more… | Etwas mehr… etvas mehr… |
| Another… | Noch ein/eine… nokh yn/yn-e… |
| Some more bread | Etwas mehr Brot etvas mehr broht |
| Some more glasses | Noch ein paar Gläser nokh yn pahr glehzer |
| Another coffee | Noch einen Kaffee nokh yn-en kafeh |
| Another beer | Noch ein Bier nokh yn beer |
| How much is it? | Was kostet das? vas kostet das? |
| How much is the room? | Was kostet das Zimmer? vas kostet das tsimmer? |
| large/small | groß/klein grohs/klyn |
| with/without | mit/ohne mit/oh-ne |
| Where is/are…? | Wo ist/sind…? vo ist/zint…? |
| the nearest… | der/die/das nächste… dehr/dee/das neh-kste… |
| How do I get…? | Wie komme ich…? vee kom-e ikh…? |
| to the station | zum Bahnhof tsoom bahn-hohf |
| to the bar | zur Bar tsoor bar |
| to Berlin | nach Berlin nahkh berleen |
| There is/are… | Es gibt… es gipt… |
| There isn’t/aren’t any… | Es gibt keine… es gipt kyn-e… |
| When…? | Wann…? van…? |
| At what time…? | Um wie viel Uhr…? oom vee feel oo-er…? |
| today | heute hoy-te |
| tomorrow | morgen morgen |
| Can I…? | Kann ich…? kan ikh…? |
| smoke here | hier rauchen heer row-khen |
| taste it | es probieren es pro-beer-ren |
Signs and notices
| Eingang | entrance |
| Ausgang | exit |
| geöffnet | open |
| geschlossen | closed |
| heiß | hot |
| kalt | cold |
| Trinkwasser | drinking water |
| ziehen | pull |
| drücken | push |
| rechts | right |
| links | left |
| bitte… | please… |
| zum Mitnehmen | take-away |
| frei | free, vacant |
| besetzt | engaged |
| Selbstbedienung | self-service |
| Herren | gents |
| Damen | ladies |
| außer Betrieb | out of order |
| Kasse | cash desk |
| Baden verboten | no bathing |
| zu vermieten | for hire/to rent |
| zu verkaufen | for sale |
| Ausverkauf | sale |
| Untergeschoss | basement |
| Erdgeschoss | ground floor |
| Aufzug | lift |
| klingeln | ring |
| drücken | press |
| privat | private |
| Zimmer frei | rooms available |
| belegt | no vacancies |
| Notausgang | emergency exit |
| Fahrkarten | tickets |
| zu den Zügen | to the trains |
| bitte wählen Sie | please select |
| zahlbar mit | pay with |
| Reisezentrum | travel centre |
| Fahrkarte entwerten | validate your ticket |
| Gepäckaufbewahrung | left luggage |
| Fahrplan | timetable |
| Abfahrt (AB) | departure |
| Ankunft (AN) | arrival |
| Gleis | platform |
| Raucher | smoking |
| Rauchen verboten | no smoking |
Polite expressions
There are two forms of address in German, formal (Sie) and informal (du). You should always stick to the formal until you are invited to duzen (to use the informal du).
| The meal was delicious | Das Essen war köstlich das essen var kur’stlikh |
| Thank you very much | Vielen Dank feelen dank |
| You are very kind | Das ist sehr nett von Ihnen das ist zehr net fon eenen |
| Delighted to meet you | Freut mich, Sie kennenzulernen froyt mikh, zee kennen-tsoo-lernen |
Celebrations
| I’d like to wish you… | Ich wünsche Ihnen/dir… ikh vuen-she eenen/deer… |
| Merry Christmas! | Frohe Weihnachten! froh-e vy-nakhten! |
| Happy New Year! | Ein frohes neues Jahr! yn froh-es noy-es yahr! |
| All the best! | Alles Gute! al-es goo-te! |
| Happy birthday! | Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum Geburtstag!herts-likhen gluek-voonsh tsoom ge-boorts-tahk! |
| Have a good trip! | Gute Reise! goo-te ry-ze! |
| Cheers! | Prost! or Prosit! prohst/prohzit! |
| To your health! | Zum Wohl! tsoom vohl! |
Making friends
We have used the informal du form for these conversations.
FACE TO FACE
Wie heißt du?
vee hyst doo?
What’s your name?
Ich heiße…
ikh hy-se…
My name is…
Woher kommst du?
voh-her komst doo?
Where are you from?
Ich komme aus Großbritannien
ikh kom-e ows grohs-bri-ta-ni-en
I’m British (I come from Britain)
Sehr erfreut!
zehr erfroyt!
Pleased to meet you!
| How old are you? | Wie alt bist du? vee alt bist doo? |
| I’m … years old | Ich bin … Jahre alt ikh bin … yah-re alt |
| Where do you live? | Wo wohnst du? voh vohnst doo? |
| Where do you live? (plural) | Wo wohnt ihr? voh vohnt eer? |
| I live in London | Ich wohne in London ikh voh-ne in london |
| We live in Glasgow | Wir wohnen in Glasgow veer vohnen in glahsgoh |
| England/English | England/englisch englant/english |
| Scotland/Scottish | Schottland/schottisch shotlant/shotish |
| Wales/Welsh | Wales/walisisch wehlz/valeezish |
| Ireland/Irish | Irland/irisch irlant/eerish |
| USA/American | die USA/amerikanisch dee oo-es-ah/amehrikahnish |
| Australia/Australian | Australien/australisch owstrah-li-en/owstrahlish |
| I’m still studying | Ich studiere noch ikh shtoo-deer-re nokh |
| I work | Ich arbeite ikh arby-te |
| I’m retired | Ich bin pensioniert ikh bin penzio-neert |
| I’m… | Ich bin… ikh bin… |
| (not) married | (nicht) verheiratet (nikht) fer-hy-rahtet |
| divorced | geschieden ge-sheeden |
| a widow(er) | Witwe(r) vit-ve(r) |
| I have…/no children | Ich habe…/keine Kinder ikh hah-be…/kyn-e kinder |
| I’m here on holiday | Ich bin hier auf Urlaub ikh bin heer owf oorlowp |
| I’m here on business | Ich bin geschäftlich hier ikh bin gesheftlikh heer |
| What work do you do? | Was machen Sie beruflich? vas makhen zee be-rooflikh? |
| Do you enjoy it? | Macht es Ihnen Spaß? makht es eenen shpahs? |
| I’m… | Ich bin… ikh bin… |
| a teacher | Lehrer(in) lehrer(in) |
| a manager | Manager(in) men-ed-zher(in) |
| I’m self-employed | Ich bin selbstständig ikh bin zelbst-shten-dikh |
Weather
| sonnig zonnikh | sunny |
| heiter hyter | fair |
| bewölkt be-vur’lkt | cloudy |
| regnerisch rehg-nerish | showery |
| Gewitter gevitter | thunderstorms |
| windig vindikh | windy |
| trocken trokken | dry |
| What is the weather forecast? | Wie ist der Wetterbericht? vee ist dehr vetter-berikht? |
| It’s sunny | Es ist sonnig es ist zonnikh |
| It’s raining | Es regnet es rehgnet |
| It’s snowing | Es schneit es shnyt |
| It’s windy | Es ist windig es ist vindikh |
| What a lovely day! | Was für ein herrlicher Tag! vas fuer yn her-likh-er tahk! |
| What awful weather! | Was für ein Mistwetter! vas fuer yn mistvetter! |
| What will the weather be like tomorrow? | Wie wird das Wetter morgen? vee virt das vetter morgen? |
| It’s very hot/cold | Es ist sehr heiß/kalt es ist zehr hys/kalt |
Getting around
Asking the way
| gegenüber gehgen-ueber | opposite |
| neben nehben | next to |
| in der Nähe von in dehr neh-e fon | near to |
| die Ampel dee ampel | traffic lights |
| an der Ecke an dehr ek-e | at the corner |
FACE TO FACE
Entschuldigung! Wie komme ich zum Bahnhof?
entshooldi-goong! vee kom-e ikh tsoom bahn-hohf? Excuse me! How do I get to the station?
Immer geradeaus. Biegen Sie links ab nach der Kirche
immer grah-de-ows. beegen zee links ap nahkh dehr kir-khe
Straight on. Turn left after the church
Ist es weit?
ist es vyt?
Is it far?
Nein, fünf Minuten
nyn, fuenf minooten
No, five minutes
| We’re looking for… | Wir suchen… veer zoo-khen… |
| Can I walk there? | Kann ich dahin laufen? kan ikh dahin lowfen? |
| Is this the right way to…? | Bin ich hier richtig zum/zur/nach…? bin ikh heer rikh-tikh tsoom/tsoor/nahkh…? |
| How do I get onto the motorway? | Wie komme ich zur Autobahn? vee kom-e ikh tsoor owtoh-bahn? |
| Can you show me on the map? | Können Sie mir das auf der Karte zeigen? kur’nen zee meer das owf dehr kar-te tsygen? |
Bus and coach
If you are using public transport, you can buy a multiple ticket – eine Mehrfahrtenkarte. You have to validate it either on board the bus/tram/underground or at the bus stop. Other options are eine Touristenkarte (tourist pass) or eine Familienkarte (family ticket). Public transport is free for children under 6. Children between 6 and 14 pay half price. The ticketing systems of public transport vary greatly. In some cities, you have to stamp the ticket before boarding trains, trams and buses. In others, the ticket is immediately validated by the ticket machine.
FACE TO FACE
Entschuldigung, gibt es einen Bus nach Bonn?
entshooldi-goong, gipt es yn-en boos nahkh bon?
Excuse me, is there a bus to Bonn?
Ja, die Nummer 15
yah, dee noommer fuenf-tsehn
Yes, number 15
Wo fährt der Bus ab?
voh fehrt dehr boos ap?
Where does the bus leave from?
Neben dem Museum
nehben dehm moo-zeh-oom
Next to the museum
Wo kann ich Fahrscheine kaufen?
voh kann ikh fahr-shyn-e kowfen?
Where can I buy tickets?
Im Bus
im boos
On the bus
| How much is it to…? | Was kostet es bis zum/zur/nach…? vas kostet es bis tsoom/tsoor/nahkh…? |
| How often are the buses/trams to…? | Wie oft fahren die Busse/Straßenbahnen zum/zur/nach…? vee oft fahren dee boos-e/shtrah-sen-bahnen tsoom/tsoor/nahkh…? |
| Please tell me when to get off | Sagen Sie mir bitte, wann ich aussteigen muss zahgen zee meer bit-e, van ikh ows-shtygen moos |
| A child’s ticket | Eine Kinderfahrkarte yn-e kinder-fahrkar-te |
| This is my stop | Das ist meine Haltestelle das ist myn-e hal-te-shtel-e |
| coach | der Reisebus dehr ry-ze-boos |
| shuttle bus | der Shuttlebus der sha-tel-boos |
Metro
Most German cities operate an integrated transport system. Tickets cover bus, U-Bahn (metro) and S-Bahn (suburban trains). One option is eine Tageskarte (day pass). This allows you to use all transport within city limits from time of purchase until end of service. If you are travelling in a group, eine Gruppenfahrkarte (group ticket) is a good option for up to 5 people.
| Where is the nearest metro station? | Wo ist die nächste U-Bahn-Haltestelle? voh ist dee neh-kste oo-bahn-hal-te-shtel-e? |
| How does the ticket machine work? | Wie funktioniert der Automat? vee foonk-tsio-neert dehr owtoh-maht? |
| How do I get to…? | Wie komme ich nach…? vee kom-e ikh nahkh…? |
| Do I have to change? | Muss ich umsteigen? moos ikh oom-shtygen? |
| Where? | Wo? voh? |
| Which line is it for…? | Welche Linie fährt nach…? vel-khe lee-nee-e fehrt nahkh…? |
| In which direction? | In welche Richtung? in vel-khe rikh-toong? |
| What is the next stop? | Was ist der nächste Halt? vas ist dehr neh-kste halt? |
| YOU MAY HEAR… | |
| Für welche Zonen? fuer vel-khe tsohnen? | For which zones? |
| Für die Innenstadt? fuer dee in-en-shtat? | For the city centre? |
Ücretsiz ön izlemeyi tamamladınız.
