Μια καινούρια ιστορία της ανθρωπότητας

Επί γενιές ολόκληρες θεωρούμε ότι οι πρόγονοί μας ήταν απλοϊκοί, είτε ελεύθεροι και ίσοι είτε βάναυσοι και πολεμοχαρείς.

Μαθαίνουμε ότι μπορέσαμε να δημιουργήσουμε πολιτισμό μόνο θυσιάζοντας την αρχέγονη ελευθερία μας ή τιθασεύοντας τα βασικά μας ένστικτα.

Ο David Graeber και ο David Wengrow μας εξηγούν πώς οι θεωρίες αυτού του είδους πρωτοεμφανίστηκαν τον 18ο αιώνα ως αντίδραση στην κριτική της ευρωπαϊκής κοινωνίας από τους αυτόχθονες λαούς και γιατί είναι λάθος.

Αυτό το βιβλίο ανατρέπει τον τρόπο που βλέπουμε την ανθρώπινη ιστορία, τις απαρχές της γεωργίας, της ιδιοκτησίας, των πόλεων, της δημοκρατίας, της δουλείας και του ίδιου του πολιτισμού.

Οι συγγραφείς του, βασισμένοι σε πρωτοποριακές έρευνες στην αρχαιολογία και στην ανθρωπολογία, καταδεικνύουν ότι η ιστορία μπορεί να γίνει ξαφνικά πολύ πιο ενδιαφέρουσα, αν δούμε τι λέει πραγματικά.

Αν οι άνθρωποι δεν περνούσαν το 95% του εξελικτικού παρελθόντος τους σε μικρές ομάδες κυνηγών-τροφοσυλλεκτών, τότε τι έκαναν τόσο καιρό; Αν η γεωργία και οι πόλεις δεν μας έριξαν στην ιεραρχία και στην κυριαρχία, τότε τι σήμαιναν; Οι απαντήσεις συχνά είναι απροσδόκητες και δείχνουν ότι η πορεία της ανθρώπινης ιστορίας ίσως να μην είναι χαραγμένη στην πέτρα, αλλά να είναι περισσότερο γεμάτη από διασκεδαστικές πιθανότητες απ' όσο τείνουμε να φανταζόμαστε.

Η αυγή των πάντων αλλάζει ριζικά την αντίληψή μας για το παρελθόν του ανθρώπου και προσφέρει έναν τρόπο να φανταστούμε νέες μορφές ελευθερίας, νέους τρόπους οργάνωσης της κοινωνίας. Ένα μνημειώδες έργο, αποτέλεσμα επιστημονικής περιέργειας, ηθικού οράματος και πίστης στη δύναμη της άμεσης δράσης.

«Αν, όπως ισχυρίζονται πολλοί, το μέλλον του είδους μας τώρα βασίζεται στην ικανότητά μας να δημιουργούμε κάτι διαφορετικό (ας πούμε, ένα σύστημα στο οποίο ο πλούτος δεν θα μπορεί να μεταμορφώνεται εύκολα σε εξουσία, ή στο οποίο οι άνθρωποι δεν θα ακούν ότι οι ανάγκες τους είναι ασήμαντες ή ότι η ζωή τους δεν έχει εγγενή αξία), τότε αυτό που έχει εντέλει σημασία είναι αν μπορούμε να ανακαλύψουμε εκ νέου τις ελευθερίες που μας κάνουν πρωτίστως ανθρώπους. […]Είμαστε έργα συλλογικής αυτοδημιουργίας.

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«Η Αυγή των Πάντων - Μια Καινούρια Ιστορία της Ανθρωπότητας», David Graeber benzeri kitaplar