Kitabı oku: «Memoirs of the Duchesse de Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1831-1835», sayfa 23

HENRY III. of England (1216-1272). Son of King John, whom he succeeded at the age of nine.

HENRY VIII. of England (1491-1547). Succeeded his father, Henry VII., in 1509. Supported Charles V. against François I., and broke with the Catholic Church.

HERTFORD, Lady. Died 1836. Married Seymour Conway, Marquis of Hertford. She was a friend of George IV.

HESSE-DARMSTADT, Louis II., Grand Duke of (1777-1848). Married, in 1830, Princess Wilhelmina of Baden, who died in 1836.

HESSE-DARMSTADT, Mathilde Caroline, Grand Duchess of (1813-1842). She was a daughter of King Louis of Bavaria, and married Louis III., Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt.

HESSE-HOMBURG, Elizabeth Landgravine of (1770-1840). A daughter of King George III. of England, she married, in 1818, Frederick Joseph, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, who died in 1829.

HESSE-HOMBURG, Augusta Landgravine of. Born in 1778, she was the daughter of the Duke of Nassau-Usingen, and married in 1804 Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.

HEYTESBURY, William Lord (1779-1860). An English statesman, a Privy Councillor, and distinguished as a diplomatist. His last Embassy was St. Petersburg (1828-1833). From 1844 till 1846 he was Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. He married a daughter of Mr. W. Bouverie.

HILL, Rowland, Lord (1773-1842). A British general who distinguished himself in the Peninsula and in 1815. In 1827 he became Governor of Plymouth, and the following year he was made Commander-in-Chief of the British Army.

HOBHOUSE, Sir John Cam (1785-1869). An English author and politician. He was a contemporary of Lord Byron at Cambridge, and remained on the most intimate terms with him. They travelled together in the East and on the Continent, and Sir J. Hobhouse published in 1814 a volume entitled "Journey across Albania," which led to his election to the Royal Society. Being at Paris when Napoleon returned from Elba Sir J. Hobhouse published after Waterloo the "Letters of an Englishman during the Hundred Days," which made a sensation, as it attacked the Government and expressed Liberal ideas. Hobhouse entered the House of Commons in 1820, and thereafter occupied several administrative positions. He was raised to the Peerage as Baron Broughton Gyfford in 1851.

HOHENTHAL, Countess von (1808-1845). Born Princess Louise of Biron-Courlande, sister of the Comtesse de Lazareff and Madame de Boyen.

HOLLAND, Lord (1772-1840). Nephew of Fox, he was, like his uncle, the champion of public liberty. With Lady Holland he contributed to ameliorating Napoleon's condition at St. Helena.

HOLLAND, Lady, died 1840. By her first marriage she was Lady Webster. Lord Holland had known her at Florence, and married her after having previously had a liaison with her, and after she had been divorced from Sir Godfrey Webster. Lady Holland was very witty and Holland House was for a long time the rendezvous of the literary celebrities of the period.

HOPE, Thomas (1774-1835). A rich connoisseur. He travelled a great deal and then settled in London, where he formed a magnificent collection of pictures and sculpture.

HOWE, Richard William Penn, Lord. Died 1870. Son of Lord Curzon. In 1831 he had a post at the Court of Queen Adelaide.

HOWICK, Henry Grey, Viscount (1802-1894). Eldest son of Earl Grey and Under Secretary of State for the Colonies in his father's Ministry in 1830. In 1845, on the death of his father, he entered the House of Lords. He held advanced Liberal opinions.

HUGO, Madame Victor. Born in 1810. Her maiden name was Adèle Foucher. She was the daughter of Paul Henry Foucher, a French politician and man of letters.

HUMANN, Jean Georges (1780-1842). A French financier and statesman. He sat in the Chamber of Deputies from 1820, was one of the 221 Signatories who brought about the Revolution of 1830, was Minister of Finance 1832-1836, and from 1840 till his death.

HURE, M. A great friend of Fox.

HUSS, John (1373-1415). A Bohemian theologian and heresiarch. Excommunicated by Pope Alexander V. for having adopted the doctrines of Wyclif, he appealed to the Council of Trent and, having refused to retract, was burned at the stake.

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INEZ DE CASTRO. Murdered in 1355, celebrated for her beauty and misfortunes. She was married to the Infante Pedro of Portugal. In the sixteenth century Ferreira wrote a tragedy about her.

ISABELLA, Doña (1801-1876). Regent of Portugal 1826-1828.

ISABELLA II. Queen of Spain (1830-1904). She succeeded her father King Frederick VII. in 1833 under the guardianship of her mother, Queen Christina. Isabella II. married her cousin german François d'Assise de Bourbon, who took the title of King. She abdicated in 1870, in favour of her son Alphonso XII., after having quitted Spain in consequence of the Revolution of 1868.

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JACOB, Louis Léon, Comte (1768-1854). A French sailor. He invented signalling by semaphore in 1805, and became Rear Admiral in 1812. He was made a Peer of France after 1830, and was for a short period Minister of Marine.

JAMES I., King of England and Scotland (1566-1625). Son of Mary Stuart. He succeeded to the throne of Scotland at the age of one, in 1567. In 1603 he ascended the throne of England on the death of Elizabeth.

JAUCOURT, Marquise de (1762-1848). Mademoiselle Charlotte de Bontemps married the Marquis de Jaucourt, great nephew of the Chevalier de Jaucourt, editor of the Encyclopédie.

JERNINGHAM, Miss. Eldest daughter of Lord Stafford, died 1838.

JERSEY, Lady (1787-1867). Sarah, daughter of the Earl of Westmorland. Lord Jersey, her husband, filled several positions at Court and Lady Jersey was for long the leader of smart society in London.

JOSEPHINE. The Empress (1763-1814). Josephine Tascher de la Pagerie was born in Martinique, and married in 1779 the Vicomte de Beauharnais who died on the scaffold in 1794. In 1796 she married General Bonaparte and became Empress in 1804. In 1809, however, Napoleon divorced her and she died five years later at Malmaison, near Paris.

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KENT, Duchess of (1786-1861). Daughter of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and mother of Queen Victoria. She married first the Prince of Leiningen and secondly the Duke of Kent, fourth son of George III.

KOREFF, David Ferdinand (1783-1851). Son of a Jewish doctor, he was born at Breslau and studied at Halle, Berlin and Paris. He travelled in Italy with the de Custine family, and being at Vienna in 1814 he made the acquaintance of Hardenberg, Chancellor to the King of Prussia, whose service he then entered, having been baptized. In 1821 he went to Paris and subsequently spent some years in England.

KÜPER, The Rev. William. A German by birth and a Lutheran. He was for many years reader to Queen Adelaide. His son was Admiral Augustus Leopold Küper.

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LA BESNARDIÈRE, Jean Baptiste Goney de (1765-1843). In 1805 he followed the Grande Armée in company with the Prince de Talleyrand. During the last years of the Empire he represented the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the Conseil d'État along with MM. d'Hauterive and Dalberg; in 1814 he accompanied the Prince de Talleyrand to Vienna and in 1819 he retired to Touraine.

LABOUCHÈRE, Henry (1798-1861). An Englishman whose family was of French origin. He was Member for Taunton from 1830. He was the second son of Peter Cæsar Labouchère, a partner in the Amsterdam firm of Hope & Co., who married a daughter of Sir Francis Baring. He also married a Baring, his cousin german. In 1858 he was raised to the Peerage as Lord Taunton.

LA BRUYÈRE, Jean de (1645-1696). A French moralist. He was tutor to the grandson of the great Condé and the author of the Caractères.

LACRETELLE, Jean Claude Dominique (1766-1855). Author of several works more distinguished by a certain skill in arrangement than by profundity of thought.

LA FAYETTE, Gilbert Mortier, Marquis de (1757-1834). After having taken part in the American War in extreme youth he was elected Deputy to the States-General in 1788. Outlawed after June 20, 1792, he fled, but was arrested by the Austrians and remained for five years in prison at Olmütz. In 1814 he was a Deputy, and voted for the deposition of the Emperor. Under the Restoration he remained attached to the Opposition. As Chief of the National Guard in 1830 he contributed to the accession to power of Louis-Philippe.

LAGRANGE-CHANCEL, Joseph de (1676-1758). A French author, who wrote some feeble tragedies and some bitter satires, entitled Philippiques.

LAMB, Sir Frederick (1782-1852). An English diplomatist, brother of Lord Melbourne. He was Ambassador to Venice, to Munich, and to Spain, and in 1821 was raised to the Peerage as Lord Beauvale. In 1848 he became Viscount Melbourne on his brother's death.

LAMMENAIS, Hughes Félicité Robert, Abbé de (1782-1854). Catholic writer, philosopher, reformer, journalist, and revolutionary. He broke with the Church, by which his works had been condemned.

LANGWARD. A German improvisatore, of no particular celebrity.

LANSDOWNE, Henry, Marquess of (1780-1863). An English statesman. He was a moderate Whig, and has left behind him a well-merited reputation for political uprightness and honesty. He entered Parliament in 1802, showed much zeal for the abolition of slavery, and ardently defended the Irish Catholics. In 1830 he became a member of Lord Grey's Reform Cabinet as Lord President of the Council.

LANSDOWNE, Lady, died 1865. She was a daughter of Sir Henry Vane Tempest, and married the Marquess of Lansdowne in 1819.

LARCHER, Mlle. Henriette (1782-1860). She was a native of Geneva, and was the governess of Mlle. Pauline de Périgord, afterwards Marquise de Castellane.

LA REDORTE, Joseph Charles Maurice, Comte de (1804-1886). A pupil of the École Polytechnique, he became Lieutenant in 1826, and was made aide-de-camp to the Duc d'Orléans in 1833. Elected Deputy for Carcassone in 1835, he left the army, was ambassador at Madrid for a few months in 1840, and entered the House of Peers in the following year.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, Vicomtesse Sosthène de (1790-1834). She was the only daughter of Matthieu, Duc de Montmorency.

LA RONCIÈRE LE NOURY, Émile Clément de (1804-1874). Son of General de La Roncière. He entered the cavalry at the age of seventeen, and was sent as Lieutenant to the École de Saumur in 1833. He was condemned to ten years' imprisonment for the offence mentioned in the text, after which he retired into obscurity. He emerged under the Second Empire, and became successively Inspector of Colonisation in Algeria and Chef de Service at Chandernagore and the Islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

LATOUR-MAUBOURG, Marquis de (1781-1847). A French diplomatist. Under the First Empire he was Chargé d'Affaires at Constantinople and Minister Plenipotentiary at Würtemberg. Under the Restoration he became successively Minister to Hanover and Saxony, Ambassador at Constantinople in 1823, at Naples in 1830, at Rome in 1831. In that year he was made a Peer of France.

LAURENCE, Justin (1791-1863). Son of a jeweller of Mont de Marsan, he was the leading spirit of the Liberal opposition in his Department. He became in turn Conseiller de Préfecture des Landes, and Avocat Général a la Cour Royale de Pau, and was elected Deputy in 1831. He was made Directeur Général des Contributions in 1844, and his political career terminated with the Revolution of 1848.

LAUZUN, Duc de (1652-1733). He played a brilliant but adventurous part at the Court of Louis XIV. He married La Grande Mademoiselle, cousin german to the King.

LAVAL, Adrien, Prince de (1768-1837). A Peer of France and Duc de Fernando in Spain. He was French Ambassador at Rome, and married his cousin, Mlle. de Montmorency-Luxembourg.

LAVRADIO, Don Francisco de Almeida, Comte de (1796-1870). A Portuguese, a Peer of the Realm and a Councillor of State. He was Minister in 1825 and 1846. In 1851 he was Minister at London and had just been transferred to Rome when he died.

LAZAREFF, Count Lazare de (1792-1871). A Russian Colonel, who married the Princesse Antoinette de Biron-Courlande.

LEGONIDEC, Joseph Julien (1763-1814). A French Magistrate. Avocat au Parlement de Paris, he went to America at the Revolution and did not return till 1797. In 1815 the Restoration Government made him Conseiller à la Cour de Cassation, in which he sat till his death as doyen of the Chambre Civile.

LE HON, Comte Charles (1792-1868). Born at Tournay, in Belgium, he was a prominent member of the Opposition in that country before 1830. He was thereafter for many years Belgian Minister at Paris, where he remained until 1852.

LEHZEN, Mlle. Louise, died 1870. Daughter of a Hanoverian Protestant pastor. She came to England in 1818 to be governess to the Princess Feodora of Leiningen, daughter of the Duchess of Kent by her first marriage. She discharged the same duties to the Princess Victoria, afterwards Queen of England. In 1827 George IV. made her a Baroness. She remained at the Court of England till 1849, when she returned to Germany.

LEICESTER, Richard Dudley, Earl of (1531-1588). A great favourite of Queen Elizabeth.

LENORMAND, Marie Anne (1772-1843). A celebrated fortune-teller. She was brought up by the Benedictines of Alençon, where she began her career as a soothsayer, and came to Paris in 1800, where she predicted the future by means of cards, being consulted by the Empress Josephine and other distinguished personages.

LÉON, Princesse de (died 1815). Her maiden name was Mlle. de Seran. She died as the result of an accident, her dress having caught fire. Her husband three years later took Orders, and was made successively Bishop of Auch and Besançon, receiving a cardinal's hat in 1830. After his father's death the Prince de Léon took the title of Duc de Rohan.

LÉON, Bishop of, Don Joachim, Albarca y Blanquès (1781-1844). One of the councillors of the Pretender Don Carlos, whom he accompanied to London in 1834, and who afterwards made him his Minister of Justice. He had been made Bishop of Léon in 1825.

LEOPOLD I., King of the Belgians (1790-1865). George Christian Frederick, Prince of Coburg-Gotha, was elected King of the Belgians in 1831. He married first, in 1816, Princess Charlotte of England, and secondly, Princess Louise d'Orléans, daughter of King Louis-Philippe.

LESLIE, Charles Robert (1791-1839). An English painter of great excellence, famous for his portraits of the authors from whose works he derived most of the subjects of his pictures, Shakespeare, Cervantes, Molière, Sterne, Walter Scott.

LEUCHTENBERG, Prince Auguste Charles of (1807-1835). Married in 1835 Doña Maria, Queen of Portugal, and died the same year.

LEUCHTENBERG, Prince Max of (1817-1852). Son of Eugène de Beauharnais. Married in 1839 the Grand Duchess Marie, daughter of the Czar Nicolas I. of Russia.

LEZAY-MARNESIA, Albert, Comte de. He occupied several prefectures, among others that of Loir-et-Cher, where he was stationed in 1834.

LICHTENSTEIN, Aloys Joseph, Prince de (1796-1858). An Austrian diplomatist attaché at London, The Hague, and Dresden. He married a Countess Kinsky.

LIEVEN, Christophe, Prince de (1770-1839). A Russian General. He was Ambassador at Paris and London, and in 1834 was made Governor of the Heir to the throne of Russia, afterwards Alexander II.

LIEVEN, Princesse de (1787-1857). Dorothea de Benckendorff, wife of the above. Celebrated for her wit and judgment, she made her house in London the rendezvous of the most distinguished men of the time, and passed the last years of her life at Paris, where she was much sought after by important political personages.

LITTELTON, Edward John Walhouse (1791-1863). For many years a Member of the British Parliament. In 1834 he was made Chief Secretary for Ireland. He married, first, in 1812, a daughter of the Marquess Wellesley; and, secondly, in 1858, the widow of Edward Davenport.

LONDONDERRY, Charles William, Lord (1778-1854). An English soldier and diplomatist. He was Ambassador at Vienna, a general, and a lord-lieutenant. He married, first, a daughter of Lord Darnley; and, secondly, in 1819, a daughter of Sir H. Vane Tempest, who died in 1865.

LOUIS, Baron (1755-1837). A French Minister of Finance. He had been a subordinate of the Prince de Talleyrand, and was a close friend of his. From 1815 he sat as Deputy in almost all the legislative assemblies, where he distinguished himself by the moderation and sagacity of his views.

LOUIS XI., King of France (1423-1483). Son of Charles VII. No prince of his time better understood the subtleties of politics and the art of managing men.

LOUIS XII., King of France (1462-1515). At first bore the title of Duc d'Orléans. He succeeded to the throne of France on the death of Charles VIII.

LOUIS XIII., King of France (1601-1643). Son of Henry IV. and Marie de' Medici, under whose Regency he at first reigned. He married Anne of Austria.

LOUIS XIV., King of France (1638-1715). Son of Louis XIII.; he succeeded his father before he was five years old, under the Regency of his mother, Anne of Austria. He married the Infanta Maria Theresa, and (later) secretly Madame de Maintenon.

LOUIS XV., King of France (1710-1774). Son of the Duc de Bourgogne and of Princess Adélaïde of Savoy. He succeeded his grandfather, Louis XIV., on the throne.

LOUIS XVI., King of France (1754-1793). He perished on the scaffold as one of the first victims of the Revolution.

LOUIS XVIII., King of France (1755-1824). At first styled Comte de Provence; he married in 1771 Louise Marie Josephine of Savoy. His reign began in 1814.

LOUIS-PHILIPPE I., King of the French (1773-1849). Son of Philippe-Égalité, Duc d'Orléans, he was proclaimed King after the Revolution of 1830 and the abdication of Charles X. He was obliged in his turn to abdicate by the Revolution of 1848.

LOUISE, Queen of Prussia (1776-1810). Daughter of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and wife of King Frederick William III. of Prussia. She was mother of King Frederick William IV. and of William I., who in 1870 was proclaimed German Emperor.

LOULÉ, Marquise de (1806-1857). Anne, Infanta of Portugal, married in 1827 to Mendoça, Marquis de Loulé, a Minister of State. The Marquis was made a Duke, but his children never enjoyed any Royal privilege.

LOUVOIS, Marquis de (1639-1691). A French statesman, Minister of War under Louis XIV. He was the son of the Chancellor le Tellier.

LOUVOIS, Marquis de (1783-1844). Chamberlain of Napoleon I. Established foundries at Ancy-le-Franc, also a glass manufactory, a mill, and a saw-mill, which made the district very prosperous. Under the Restoration he became a Peer of France.

LUDOLF, William Constantine, Count (1759-1839). Minister of the King of Naples at London for many years. His family was of Austrian origin.

LYNDHURST, Lady. Sarah Grey, widow of Lieut. – Colonel Charles Thomas, who fell at Waterloo, married in 1819 Lord Lyndhurst, as his second wife. She was of Jewish extraction.

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MAINTENON, Marquise de (1635-1719). Françoise d'Aubigné, married in 1652 the poet Scarron. Having lost her husband she was entrusted with the education of the children of Louis XIV. and Madame de Montespan. After the Queen's death Louis XIV. secretly married Madame de Maintenon.

MAISON, Marshal (1771-1840). Distinguished himself in the wars of the Revolution and the Empire, and was made a Peer of France at the Restoration. In 1828 he commanded the expedition to the Morea, in which he achieved complete success. He was made a Marshal, and under Louis-Philippe became successively Minister for Foreign Affairs and of War, and Ambassador at Vienna and St. Petersburg.

MALIBRAN, Madame Marie Félicité (1808-1836). A famous singer daughter of Manuel Garcia. She married first the banker Malibran, and secondly de Bériot the violinist.

MAREUIL, Joseph Durand, Comte de (1769-1855). A French diplomatist. At the Second Restoration he was made Conseiller d'État and employed on several missions. Made a Peer of France in 1833, and given the grand cordon of the Legion of Honour in 1834, he was sent to Naples as Ambassador and recalled eighteen months later. Thereafter he lived in retirement.

MARIA, the Infanta (1793-1874). Daughter of John VI. of Portugal. She married first the Infante Dom Pedro, and secondly Don Carlos, Infante of Spain.

MARIA II., or MARIA DA GLORIA, Queen of Portugal (1819-1853). Daughter of Dom Pedro I. who, recognising the impossibility of retaining both the throne of Portugal and that of Brazil, abdicated the former in favour of Doña Maria, his second child, after having granted the Kingdom a liberal constitution. Doña Maria married first the Duke of Leuchtenberg, and secondly Prince Ferdinand of Coburg.

MARIA AMELIA, Queen (1782-1866). Daughter of Ferdinand I., King of the Two Sicilies, married in 1809 the Duc d'Orléans, who became Louis-Philippe I., King of the French.

MARIA THERESA, the Empress (1717-1780). Daughter of the Emperor Charles VI., whom she succeeded on the Austrian throne. She had to struggle with Frederick II., King of Prussia, who deprived her of Silesia. She married François de Lorraine.

MARIE, Casimire d'Arquien (1630-1699). Queen of Poland. She accompanied to Poland Queen Maria Gonzaga. She married first Zamoyski, and secondly King John Sobieski. Having become a widow she retired first to Rome, and then to Blois, where she died.

MARIE DE' MEDICI, Queen of France (1573-1642). Daughter of the Grand Duke Francis I. of Tuscany, she married Henri IV., King of France, became the mother of Louis XIII., and held the Regency during her son's minority.

MARIE D'ORLÉANS, Princess (1813-1839). Daughter of King Louis-Philippe. She married Prince Alexander of Würtemberg. She had a talent for sculpture, and is the author of a statue of Jeanne d'Arc placed in the Court of the Hotel de Ville at Orléans.

MARIE LOUISE, the Empress (1791-1847). Daughter of Francis II., Emperor of Austria. Married Napoleon I. in 1810.

MARY STUART, Queen of Scots (1542-1587). Married Francis II., King of France, who died in 1560. She returned to Scotland, where she had to struggle against the Reformation and the intrigues of Queen Elizabeth. She was imprisoned in England for eighteen years, and was finally executed.

MARTIN, M., a pupil of the École Normale. He became professor in a Parisian institution, from which he was taken by the Prince de Talleyrand to superintend the education of his two nephews, Louis and Alexandre de Périgord. He afterwards became Rector of the Académie d'Amiens.

MARTIN DU NORD, Nicolas Ferdinand (1789-1862). A French statesman and man of letters. Elected Deputy in 1830, he sat among the Conservatives. He was Avocat Général à la Cour de Cassation in 1842, then Procureur Général à la Cour Royale de Paris. In 1834 he became Minister of Public Works, and in 1839 Minister of Justice and Public Worship.

MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA, Francis (1789-1862). A Spanish statesman and man of letters. A Deputy in the Cortes in 1812, he there advocated the most advanced ideas, for which he was condemned to ten years' imprisonment in Morocco. He was liberated by the Revolution of 1820, and became President of the Council. Under the Queen Regent he became head of a Constitutional Cabinet, which signed the Quadruple Alliance, but he retired in 1835. He was afterwards Ambassador at Paris and Rome, and President of the Cortes.

MASSA, Duchesse de. Born 1792. Daughter of the Duc de Tarente. She married Régnier, Duc de Massa, who died in 1861.

MATUCZEWIECZ, Count André Joseph (1790-1842). A diplomatist in the Russian service of Polish birth. Was Minister of Russia in England ad interim, Minister of Naples and Stockholm.

MAUGUIN, François (1785-1854). An ardent Liberal. He was elected Deputy in 1827, and played a prominent part until 1848. After the coup d'état of 1851, he retired to Saumur, where he lived with his daughter, the Comtesse de Rochefort.

MEDEM, Count Paul (1800-1854). A Russian diplomatist. Chargé d'Affaires at Paris, and then at London. In 1839 he was Minister at Stuttgart.

MELBOURNE, William Lamb, Viscount (1779-1848). An English statesman. He was made Home Secretary by Lord Grey in 1830. He was a moderate Whig, and acquitted himself with much tact and devotion in the task which afterwards fell on him as Premier, of initiating the young Queen Victoria into her duties as Sovereign. Separated from his wife, Lady Catherine Ponsonby, famous for her liaison with Lord Byron, Lord Melbourne formed a connection with Mrs. Norton which, in 1836, ended in divorce proceedings and caused much scandal.

MENDELSLOH, Charles Augustus Francis, Count (1788-1852). A Würtemberg diplomatist, who was Minister successively at St. Petersburg, London and Vienna.

MENDIZABAL, Don Juan Alvarez y (1790-1853). A Spanish statesman, son of a poor shopkeeper, he made a great fortune in trade. He became Minister of Finance in 1835, but soon had to retire.

MENNECHET, Édouard (1794-1845). A French man of letters. Private secretary to the Duc de Duras, who introduced him to Louis XVIII. The latter made him head of his private office, a post which Mennechet held also under Charles X.

METTERNICH, Clement Wenceslas Lothair, Count, afterwards Prince (1773-1859). An Austrian statesman. He was Minister at The Hague, at Dresden, at Berlin, and Paris. In 1809 he became Austrian Minister for Foreign Affairs and remained in power until 1848, when the Revolution forced him to fly.

MIAOULIS, André (1771-1835). A Greek admiral. He was commander-in-chief of the insurgent fleet in 1821, beat the Turks at Patras, set fire to the ships of Ibrahim Pasha at Modon, but failed to prevent the fall of Missolonghi. In 1831 he put himself at the head of the Hydriotes, who had revolted against the President Capo d'Istria.

MIGNET, François Auguste Marie (1796-1884). A French historian, a member of the Académie française, and Keeper of the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

MINA, Don Francisco Espozy (1781-1836). A famous Spanish party leader. In 1809, at the time of the French invasion, he placed himself at the head of a guerilla band and obstructed the French operations for five years. In 1820, during the Spanish Revolution, he held his own against Marshal Moncey. In 1834 he defended the Constitutional throne against the pretensions of Don Carlos.

MIRABEAU, Victor Riquetti, Marquis de (1749-1791). The most eminent orator of the French Revolution. In 1789 he was a member of the States-General, and contributed by his eloquence to the success of the Constituent Assembly.

MIRAFLORÈS, Don Manuel, Marquis de (1792-1867). Descended from a mercantile family enriched by the wars of the eighteenth century, he was ennobled and made a grandee of Spain. He was Ambassador to London in 1834, and there signed the celebrated treaty of the Quadruple Alliance. In 1846 he became Grand Chamberlain to Queen Isabella, and in 1864 President of the Council of Ministers. An eminent littérateur, he was a member of the Historical Academy of Madrid.

MIRAFLORÈS, Marquise de (1795-1867). Doña Vicenta Monina y Pontejos, heiress and niece of the celebrated Count de Florida-Blanca. Married the Marquis de Miraflorès in 1814.

MODENA, Duke of (1779-1846). Francis IV. of Modena, son of the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria. He married Princess Maria Beatrice, daughter of Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia.

MOLÉ, Comte Matthieu (1781-1855). Descended from a parliamentary family. He replaced the Duc de Massa as Minister of Justice in 1813, and then received the title of Count of the Empire. He rallied to Louis-Philippe, and in 1830 became Minister for Foreign Affairs. In 1840 he was elected a member of the Académie française.

MOLÉ, Comtesse, died 1845. Mlle. Caroline de la Briche met Comte Molé as a young man in her mother's salon and married him in 1798. The Comtesse Molé published anonymously several works translated from the English.

MOLLIEN, François, Comte (1758-1850). A clever financier. He was made Minister of the Treasury in 1866. Louis XVIII. made him a Peer in 1819.

MOLLIEN, Comtesse (1785-1878). Mlle. Juliette Dutilleul, wife of François Mollien. She was a distinguished and attractive person, and was Lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie Amélie.

MONSON, Lord (1809-1841). Son of Lady Warwick by her first marriage. He left no children, and his cousin became his heir.

MONSON, Lady Theodosia, daughter of Latham Blacker. Married Lord Monson in 1832.

MONTESPAN, Marquise de (1641-1707). Françoise Athénais de Rochechouart, the favourite of Louis XIV.

MONTMORENCY, Raoul, Baron de (1790-1862). He took the title of Duke, in 1846, on his father's death. He married Euphémie de Harchies, by whom he had no children. His sisters were the Princesse de Bauffrement-Courtenay and the Duchesse de Valençay.

MONTMORENCY, Duchesse de (1774-1846). Anne Louise Caroline de Matignon, mother of Raoul de Montmorency, of the Princesse de Bauffrement, and the Duchesse de Valençay.

MONTPENSIER, Duchesse de (1627-1693). Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, known as La Grande Mademoiselle, was the only daughter of Gaston d'Orléans. She was several times on the verge of making the most brilliant marriages without ever succeeding. At forty-two she conceived a violent passion for a private gentleman, the Comte de Lauzun, whom she secretly married. She had taken a very active part in the Fronde.

MONTROND, Comte Casimir de (1757-1843). A friend of M. de Talleyrand, and a habitué of his house. Napoleon I., on his return from Elba, sent him to Vienna, where the Congress was sitting, to persuade M. de Talleyrand to join him, but M. de Talleyrand was inflexible in his loyalty to Louis XVIII.

MONTROND, Comtesse de (1769-1820). Aimée de Coigny, who inspired André Chénier's Jeune Captive. Married first the Duc de Fleury, and divorced him in order to marry the Comte de Montrond.

MORELL, Baronne de. Mlle. de Mornay, sister of the Marquis and the Comte de Mornay, married General Baron de Morell, who, in 1834, was in command of the cavalry school at Saumur.

MORELL, Mlle. Marie de. Born in 1818. Celebrated for her beauty. Was the daughter of General Baron de Morell. She married the Marquis d'Eyrargues, who filled various diplomatic positions in the reign of Louis-Philippe.