Kitabı oku: «Memoirs of the Duchesse De Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1841-1850», sayfa 25

GOBERT, M. Treasurer of the charitable fund for the orphans of those who died from cholera.

GEORGEI, Arthur, born in 1818. A famous Hungarian General who took an active part in the Hungarian War of 1848. At first he displayed the highest military talent and afterwards capitulated and surrendered the Hungarian army to the Russian General Rudiger.

GORE, Charles Alexander. Born in 1817 and son of Sir William Gore. He was Commissioner of Forests.

GOURIEFF, M. de. Russian diplomatist, Minister at The Hague, and then Financial Minister in his own country. He was the father-in-law of M. de Nesselrode.

GRAMONT-GUICHE, the Duchesse de (1802-1882). Née Anna de Grimaud d'Orsay, Countess of the Holy Empire. She married the Duc de Guiche, who was afterwards Duc de Gramont and Lieutenant-General, and obtained the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour. He died in 1855.

GRAMONT, Madame de. Antoinette Cornélie de Gramont, aunt of the Duc de Gramont in the Aster branch of the family. A nun in the Sacré Cœur and Mother Superior of the Paris house.

GRANVILLE, Lord* (1775-1846). English diplomatist, for a long time Ambassador at Paris.

GRANVILLE, Lady.* Died in 1862. She was a daughter of the Duke of Devonshire.

GREECE, Queen Amélie of (1818-1867). Daughter of the Grand Duke of Oldenburg, she married Otho I., King of Greece, in 1836.

GREY, Lord* (1764-1845). English politician.

GRISI, Giulia* (1812-1869). Famous Italian singer.

GROEBEN, Count Charles of, the General (1788-1876). Aide-de-camp to King Frederick William IV., Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle and Member of the House of Lords.

GROTE, the Countess of (1799-1885). Baroness Caroline von Schachten, married, in 1825, Count Adolphus von Grote, Hanoverian Ambassador at Paris. In 1841, after her husband's death, she returned to Germany and accepted, with the Countess of Wedell, the post of first lady at the Court of King Ernst Augustus of Hanover. She retained her position until the King's death in 1851. She did not marry him morganatically, as has been supposed.

GUELLE, the Abbé Nicolas Auguste (1799-1881). He took orders in 1825, and was curé at the Madeleine in Paris; he administered his first communion to the Duc d'Aumale, and, in 1849 at London, to the Comte de Paris. He was then attached to the person of King Louis Philippe, and was present at his death. He became chaplain to Queen Marie Amélie, and was present also at her deathbed in 1866. He then retired to Paris.

GUILLON, Mgr. (1760-1847). Preacher and theologian; he had been chaplain to the Princesse de Lamballe, and refused to take the oath of citizenship at the time of the revolution. Under the patronage of Lucien Bonaparte he accompanied Cardinal Fesch to Rome, and on his return to France obtained the Professorship of Sacred Rhetoric in the Faculty of Theology. From 1818 he was chaplain to the Duchesse Marie Amélie d'Orléans, afterwards Queen of France. Louis Philippe secured for him, in 1833, the title of Bishop of Morocco in partibus. Mgr. Guillon invariably supported the principles of the French Church.

GUIZOT, François Pierre Guillaume* (1787-1874). French statesman and historian.

GUSTAVUS III., King of Sweden (1746-1792). A great lover of France, which he visited upon several occasions. Throughout his reign he was opposed by the Swedish nobility, in spite of the fact that he waged several successful wars against Russia. A conspiracy broke out at the moment when he was preparing to march to the help of Louis XVI. who had been arrested at Varennes. He was shot by an assassin named Ankarström, at a masked ball.

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HANOVER, the Electress Sophia Dorothea of (1667-1726). Daughter of George William of Celle, second son of the Duke of Brunswick and of Eleanor of Olbreuse. She became the wife of King George I. of England, who treated her cruelly and kept her practically in captivity for several years.

HANOVER, King Ernst Augustus of (1771-1851). At first Duke of Cumberland,* he ascended the Hanoverian throne in 1837.

HANOVER, Queen Frederica of. Duchess of Cumberland* until 1837.

HANOVER, the Crown Prince of. Afterwards King George V.

HANOVER, the Crown Princess of. Born in 1818. Marie Wilhelmina, daughter of Duke Joseph of Saxe-Altenburg, married in 1848 Prince George of Hanover, who became King in 1851.

HANSEMANN, David Justus Ludwig (1770-1864). An important merchant of Aix la Chapelle, he became well known for his constitutional leanings, and in 1848 received the portfolio of Finance in the Ministry of Camphausen; he was afterwards director of the Prussian Bank and founded a flourishing mutual benefit society.

HARDENBERG, Prince Charles Augustus of (1750-1822). As Minister of the King of Prussia in 1791, he signed the peace of Bâle with France, but boldly opposed Napoleon I. after Jena and the Russian Campaign, and strove actively to secure the opportunity for a counter stroke. He was one of the signatories to the treaty of Paris and was present at the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

HASSENPFLUG, Hans Friedrich von (1793-1862). Minister of the Elector of Hesse-Cassel, he afterwards spent several years in the Prussian service and pursued a reactionary policy.

HATZFELDT, Count Max von (1813-1859). Younger brother of Prince Hermann of Hatzfeldt. He married in 1844 Mlle. Pauline de Castellane; on her widowhood she re-married the Duc de Valençay. Count Max von Hatzfeldt was Secretary to the Prussian Legation at Paris and afterwards Minister accredited to the Emperor Napoleon III.

HAUGWITZ, Count Eugène von, the General (1777-1867). Field-Marshal, Chamberlain, and Privy Councillor to the Austrian Court. He took part in almost every war in the first half of the nineteenth century.

HAUTEFORT, Marie d' (1616-1691). Lady of Honour to Marie de Médicis and Lady of the Robes to Anne of Austria. She married in 1646 the Duke of Schomberg, Governor of Metz.

HAUTEFORT, the Comtesse d'. Née Adélaïde de Maillé in 1787. Married the Comte d'Hautefort in 1805.

HAYNAU, Baron Julius Jacobus von (1786-1853). Son of the Elector of Hesse, William I., by his morganatic marriage with Fraulein von Lindenthal: he entered the Austrian military service, and in 1847 took part in suppressing the revolutionary movements in Italy, where he became notorious for the cruel methods he employed. He pursued a similar course of action in Hungary in 1849.

HECKER, Friedrich Karl Franz (1811-1881). A German lawyer and politician, he loudly declared himself a social democrat in 1848 and became one of the leaders of the Mountain at the Diet of Frankfort; he stirred up all the little states in the south of Germany to a general insurrection and was obliged to flee to Switzerland and afterwards to America, where he died.

HANSEL, Wilhelm (1794-1861). He was first known as a writer of comedies and afterwards as a painter and designer, and was a constant figure in Berlin society. He married Fanny Mendelssohn Bartholdy, who died in 1847.

HERDING, Herr von. A native of Mannheim and a great favourite at the Court of the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden. His sister, the Princess of Isenburg, also lived at Mannheim after she became a widow. She was the mother of the Countess of Buol Schonenstein.

HERZ, Henri (1806-1887). Celebrated pianist and piano dealer.

HESKERN, the Baron de. Dutch diplomatist.

HESS, Baron Heinrich von, the General (1788-1863). Chief of the Austrian staff of the forces in Lombardy, in 1824; he distinguished himself under Marshal Radetzky, when the national Italian movement broke out in 1848. He entered the House of Lords in 1861.

HESSE-CASSEL, the Elector William of (1777-1847). He was married three times: to Princess Augusta of Prussia, daughter of Frederick William II.; to Countess Emilia of Reichenbach; and to Fraulein Caroline of Berlepsch, who received the title of Countess of Bergen.

HESSE-CASSEL, the Electress of (1780-1840). A Princess of Prussia by birth, she married the Elector of Hesse in 1797.

HESSE-HOMBURG, the Landgravine of (1770-1840). Elizabeth, daughter of King George III. of England, married in 1818 the Margrave Frederick VI. of Hesse Homburg.

HOCHBERG-FÜRSTENSTEIN, the Count of (1806-1855). Afterwards Prince of Pless.

HOHENTHAL, Count Alfred of.** Born in 1806 and Chamberlain to the King of Saxony.

HOHENTHAL, the Countess of* (1808-1845). Née Princess Louise of Biron-Courlande.

HOHENZOLLERN-HECHINGEN, Princess Pauline of** (1782-1845). Née Princess of Courlande and sister of the Duchesse de Talleyrand.

HOHENZOLLERN-HECHINGEN, Prince Constantine of** (1800-1859). Son of the Princess Pauline of Courlande. He abdicated in 1849 his rights over the Principality of Hohenzollern in favour of the King of Prussia, and received the title of Royal Highness in 1850.

HOLLAND, the Dowager Lady.* Died in 1840. She was Lady Webster by her first marriage, and her drawing-room at London was famous.

HOLLAND, Lady Maria Augusta (1812-1890). Daughter of the Earl of Coventry. In 1833 she married Henry, the eldest son and the successor in 1840, of the third Lord Holland; a nephew of Fox. Lord Holland (1802-1859) was for some time Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Tuscany. He died at Naples, leaving no children, and the title is now extinct.

HOTTINGER, Baron Jean Courd (1764-1841). A Swiss by birth and the founder of important business firms. He was made a baron in 1810. In 1815 he was elected Deputy, and became Governor of the Bank of France.

HUDEN, Henri. Born in 1810. Legal State Councillor and Professor at Jena.

HÜGEL, Baron Ernest Eugène von** (1774-1849). Würtemberg General.

HÜGEL, Baron Karl von. Born in 1796. Famous traveller and German naturalist and Minister Plenipotentiary for Austria to the Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1850-1859.

HÜGEL, Baron Karl Eugène von (1805-1870). Würtemberg diplomatist and for a time Minister of Foreign Affairs in his own country.

HUMANN, Jean Georges* (1780-1842). Financier and French statesman.

HUMBOLDT, Alexander von** (1769-1858). Famous German naturalist.

HYDE DE NEUVILLE, the Baron** (1776-1857). French politician and a strong legitimist.

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IFFLAND, Augustus Wilhelm (1759-1814). A German actor who made his first appearance at Gotha and Weimar and was appointed theatrical manager to the Court of Berlin. He was the author of many dramatic works.

INGRES, Jean Auguste Dominique (1780-1867). French painter who was distinguished for the perfection of his drawing.

ISABELLA II., Queen of Spain* (1830-1904).

ISTRIE, the Duchesse Mathilde d'. Daughter of the Comte Joseph de la Grange, General in the French Army and Peer of France. She had married Napoleon Bessières, Duc d'Istrie and Peer of France. He died in 1856.

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JACQUES COEUR (1400-1456). Silversmith to Charles VII., whom he provided with means to carry on a war against England.

JAUCOURT, the Marquise Charlotte de* (1762-1848). Née de Bontemps.

JELLACHICH OF BUZIN, General. As Ban of Croatia, when the Hungarian revolution broke out in 1848, he took Vienna from the rebels, but was defeated in 1849 by Bem at Hegyes.

JERSEY, George, Lord (1773-1859). Twice Chamberlain to King William IV. and twice Master of the Household to Queen Victoria. He married in 1804 the eldest daughter of the Duke of Westmorland.

JERSEY, Lady Sarah* (1787-1867). Daughter of the Duke of Westmorland.

JOCELYN, Lord Robert (1816-1854). Eldest son of Lord Roden. Viscount Jocelyn first followed a military career; he accompanied Lord Saltoun to China as Secretary in 1841 and entered Parliament in 1842. He was Secretary to the War Office under Derby's Ministry, and died of cholera.

JOINVILLE, François d'Orléans, Prince de** (1818-1900). Third son of King Louis Philippe.

JOINVILLE, the Princesse Françoise de (1824-1898). Née Princess of Branganza, daughter of the Emperor of Brazil, she married the Prince de Joinville in 1844.

JOUFFROY, M. Officer of the Legion of Honour, Member of the Institute and of the Royal Council of Education and Deputy for Doubs.

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KAGENECK, Countess Fanny of (1799-1861). Lady of Honour to the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden.

KANITZ-DALWITZ, Baron von, the General (1787-1850). After taking part in all the wars of Prussia against France, he was appointed professor at the military school of Berlin, and in 1827 Minister Plenipotentiary to Constantinople; afterwards he was sent to Hanover and to Vienna on different missions.

KANITZ, Count Augustus von, General (1773-1852). Minister of War in Prussia in 1848. He married the Countess Louise Schulenburg, who died in 1830.

KAROLYI, the Countess (1805-1844). Daughter of Prince Louise of Kaunitz-Reutberg, she married in 1823 Count Louis Karolyi. The Countess was known at Vienna under the nickname of Nandine.

KAULBACH, Wilhelm von (1805-1874). One of the most famous German painters of the nineteenth century.

KISSELEFF, Count Nicholas. Died in 1869. Represented Russia at Paris under the reign of Louis Philippe. He was Minister to the Holy Chair and afterwards at Florence. He was a brother of General Kisseleff, for a long time Ambassador at Paris under the Second Empire.

KOMAR, Nathalie de (1818-1860). Sixth child of Stanislas of Komar and of his wife, née Orlowska. She married in 1850 an Italian, the Count of Medici Spada, who had led a very adventurous life. She was the sister of the Countess Delphine Potocka and of the Princesse Charles de Beauvau.

KOSSUTH, Louis (1802-1894). Leader of the Hungarian Revolution in 1848: he was born of a noble but poor Croatian family, seventeen members of which had been prosecuted for high treason by the Austrian Government. After the events of 1848 he was obliged to take to flight, and took refuge first at London, where, with Mazzini and Ledru-Rollin, he formed a kind of democratic triumvirate, and afterwards at Turin where he died.

KRÜDENER, the Baroness of** (1764-1824). Of Russian origin and known for her mystical ideas.

KÜBECK DE KUBAU, Karl Friedrich (1780-1855). Austrian statesman and member of the Council of State from 1814; he was especially active in organising the Lombard-Venetian Kingdom and the Tyrol. In 1839 he was appointed president of the General Financial Directory. After the events of 1848 he retired.

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LA BESNARDIÈRE, J. B. Goney de* (1765-1843). At one time a French politician, he had withdrawn to Touraine after 1819, and was a friend of the Talleyrand family.

LABLACHE, Louis (1794-1858). Famous Neapolitan singer of French origin.

LABOUCHÈRE, Henry* (1798-1861). Member of the English Parliament, afterwards Lord Taunton.

LA BOULAYE, the Vicomte J. B. de (1781-1836). French man of letters and publicist, who remained consistently loyal to the monarchy and to Charles X., whose secretary he had been.

LACAVE-LAPLAGNE, Jean Pierre** (1795-1849). At first officer, afterwards magistrate and several times Minister under Louis Philippe.

LACORDAIRE, Henri** (1802-1861). A great Dominican preacher, he restored the Dominican Order in France. A member of the French Academy.

LADENBERG, Adalbert von (1798-1855). Prussian statesman, twice Minister of Education and Public Worship: in 1850 he was made Privy Councillor and President of the Financial Chamber.

LA FERTÉ, the Comte Hubert de (1806-1872). An ardent legitimist; one of the most devoted servants of the Comte de Chambord. He had married the daughter of the Comte Molé.

LA FERRONNAYS, the Comtesse de. She was a daughter of Comte Joseph de la Grange, General and Peer of France.

LAFFITTE, Jacques** (1767-1844). French financier who took an active part in the revolution of 1830.

LAMBERG, Count Franz Philip von, General (1791-1848). In 1848 he was appointed Commissioner of the Realm of Hungary and chief of the Hungarian troops by the Austrian Emperor, but the National Assembly at Pesth refused to recognise his nomination, and he was put to death by the people.

LAMENNAIS, the Abbé de (1782-1854). A Catholic but revolutionary writer, whose opinions were condemned by the Roman Court, which excommunicated him.

LANSDOWNE, the Marquis of* (1780-1863). English politician.

LA REDORTE, the Comte de.* French officer and afterwards diplomatist.

LA REDORTE, the Comtesse de. Died in 1885. Née Louise Suchet, daughter of the Marshal d'Albuféra. She had married M. de La Redorte, Ambassador and Peer of France in 1841.

LA ROCHE-AYMON, the Comtesse de (1787-1858). Widow of the General, the Marquis de La Roche-Aymon, aide-de-camp to Prince Henry of Prussia, younger brother of Frederick the Great.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD-DOUDEAUVILLE, the Duc Sosthène de** (1785-1864). A French man of letters, he was a strong Legitimist throughout his life. His first wife, whom he married in 1807, was Elizabeth de Montmorency Laval (1790-1834).

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, the Comte Alexandre de (1767-1841). An émigré during the revolution, he returned to France under the Consulate, and supported Napoleon. His wife, née de Chastulé, and a relative of Josephine, became Lady of Honour to the Empress. M. de La Rochefoucauld entered a diplomatic career, and was Ambassador at Vienna and in Holland. He was elected Deputy in 1822, and entered the Chamber of Peers in 1831.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, the Comte Wilfrid de. Born in 1798. Son of the foregoing, whom he succeeded as Duc d'Estissac in 1841.

LA ROCHEJAQUELEIN, Auguste du Vergier, Comte de (1784-1868). Officer under the Empire, he also took part in the Spanish campaign of 1823. Louis XVIII. had given him the rank of Field-Marshal in 1818.

LA ROCHEJAQUELEIN, the Comtesse Felicie de. Daughter of Amédée de Durfort, last Duc de Duras. She had married as her first husband Léopold de la Trémouille, Prince of Talmont; and in 1819 she had married the Comte A. de La Rochejaquelein.

LA ROCHEJAQUELEIN, Georges du Vergier, Marquis de (1805-1867). He was made a peer of France by Louis XVIII., but did not take his seat in the Upper Chamber, as he refused to take the oath to the July Government. He supported the revolution of 1848, and then became estranged from the Legitimists and became Senator under the Empire.

LASALLE, Louis Théodore de (1789-1846). Major of cavalry and orderly officer to Louis Philippe. He was elected Deputy in 1839.

LA TOUR, Theodore Baillet, General, Comte de (1780-1848). Austrian Field-Marshal. Minister of War in 1848, he exasperated the people of Vienna by his severity and was slaughtered.

LA TOUR-MAUBOURG, the Marquis de (1781-1847). French diplomatist, Chargé d'Affaires at Constantinople, and Minister Plenipotentiary to Würtemburg under the Empire. Under the Restoration he was Minister in Hanover and Saxony, Ambassador at Constantinople and Naples. In 1831 he was made Ambassador at Rome and entered the Chamber of Peers.

LAUZUN, the Duc de (1633-1723). One of the favourites at the Court of Louis XIV. He married the Grande Mademoiselle.

LAZAREFF, Madame de (1813-1881). The Princesse Antoinette de Biron-Courlande married General Lazareff, who was in the Russian service.

LE COURTIER, François Joseph (1799-1885). A distinguished preacher and priest of foreign missions, chief priest and canon of Notre Dame, he was appointed Bishop of Montpelier, and resigned in 1873. He was then made Archbishop of Sébaste in partibus, and Canon of Saint Denis in 1875.

LE HON, the Comte** (1792-1868). Belgian Minister at Paris for many years.

LE HON, the Comtesse. Died in 1880. Née Mathilde de Mosselmann, she had married the Comte Le Hon in 1827.

LEIBNITZ, Wilhelm (1646-1716). A famous philosopher and German man of science, born at Leipzig, and a leader of the Optimist School.

LEININGEN, Prince Charles of (1804-1856), or Prince of Linange.** Son of the first marriage of the Duchess of Kent, mother of Queen Victoria.

LERCHENFELD, Count Gustavus Anton von (1806-1866). A Bavarian statesman who acquired a great reputation on financial questions, and formed part of the Ministry of 1848.

LESPINASSE, Mlle. de (1732-1776). In her salon the most famous encyclopædists used to meet, as they were admirers of the wit of Mlle. de Lespinasse.

LEUCHTENBERG, the Duchess Augusta of (1788-1851). A daughter of King Maximilian I. of Bavaria. She married in 1808 Prince Eugène de Beauharnais, son of the first marriage of the Empress Josephine; he was Viceroy of Italy and Duke of Leuchtenberg.

LEUCHTENBERG, Prince Max of* (1817-1852). Son of Eugène de Beauharnais.

LEVESON, George (1815-1891). English diplomatist. At first Member of the House of Commons, he came into the title of Lord Granville at his father's death; in 1856 he was sent as Ambassador Extraordinary to Moscow for the Coronation of Alexander II. His Parliamentary attitude was well known for its conciliatory character, and he finally retired with Mr. Gladstone in 1886.

LICHTENSTEIN, Joseph Wenzel, Prince of (1696-1773). General and Austrian statesman. A great friend of Prince Eugène of Savoy with whom he conducted the wars of 1716 and 1718 against the Turks.

LICHTENSTEIN, Prince Wenzel of. Born in 1767. Major-General in the Austrian service.

LICHTENSTEIN, Prince Ludwig of (1796-1858). Head of the family of Lichtenstein.

LICHTENSTEIN, Princess Louisa of (1810-1881). The Countess Frances Kinsky had married in 1831 Prince Ludwig of Lichtenstein.

LIEBERMANN, Baron A. of.** Prussian diplomatist.

LIEVEN, the Princesse de* (1784-1857). Née De Benkendorff.

LISZT, François (1811-1886). Famous Hungarian pianist and composer.

LIVERPOOL, Cecil Jenkinson, Lord (1784-1851). He married Julia Evelyn Medley, who died in 1814 leaving only daughters, and thus the Earldom of Liverpool became extinct in 1851. The baronetcy passed to his cousin, Sir Charles Jenkinson (1879-1855), M.P.

LOLA MONTES, Maria Dolores Porris y Montes, so-called (1818-1861). Famous adventuress, who completely turned the head of King Ludwig I. of Bavaria; he gave her in succession the titles of Baroness of Rosenthal and Countess of Lansfeld. The scandal was so great that the Ministry resigned, and the King was forced to abdicate in 1848.

LOMBARD, Henri (1825-1843). Nephew of Dr. Andral.

LONDONDERRY, Lord (1778-1854). Officer and French diplomatist.

LOTTUM, the Countess Clotilde (1809-1894). Eldest daughter of Prince Wilhelm of Putbus. Married in 1828 Count Friedrich Hermann of Wylich and Lottum, Chamberlain at the Prussian Court, and Minister at Naples for several years.

LOUISE DE LORRAINE, Queen of France (1554-1601). Daughter of Nicholas of Lorraine, Count of Vaudémont. She married King Henry III. in 1575.

LOW COUNTRIES, King William I. of the (1772-1848). Son of the Stathouder, William V. of Nassau. He first married Princess Frederica of Prussia; then the Comtesse d'Oultremont morganatically, and abdicated in 1840.

LOW COUNTRIES, King William II. of the (1792-1849). He married Anna Paulowna, daughter of the Emperor Paul of Russia.

LOW COUNTRIES, the Hereditary Prince of the (1817-1891). He married in 1839 Princess Sophia of Würtemberg, and became William III. on his accession to the throne in 1849.

LUCCA, Charles Louis de Bourbon, Duc de. Born in 1799. Son of the Infanta Maria Louisa of Spain, formerly Queen of Etruria. He married in 1820 Princess Maria Theresa, daughter of the King of Sardinia Victor Emanuel I., and was already Duke of Parma when he inherited the Duchy of Lucca in 1848. Expelled from his estates, he abdicated in 1849 in favour of his son, Charles III., born in 1825, who had married in 1845 Louise de Bourbon, daughter of the Duc de Berry. He was assassinated in 1854.

LUDOLF, Franz, Count of (1784-1863). Austrian Field-Marshal.

LUDRE, the Comtesse de (1800-1886). Née Girardin. A very distinguished woman in whose salon were to be met M. de Falloux, Mgr. Dupanloup, MM. de Coriolis, de Montmorency, &c.

LURDE, Alexis Louis de. Born in 1800. Set out for Spain as a volunteer in 1823, and became Captain of the Guard to the King of Spain. In 1827 he entered the French diplomatic service. In 1833 he was appointed Secretary at Lisbon, and in 1838 at Rome. He then became Minister Plenipotentiary to Buenos Ayres until the revolution of 1848. In 1849 he was accredited to Berlin for several months.

LUYNES, the Duchesse Elisabeth de (1753-1830). Née de Montmorency Laval, she had married in 1768 the Duc de Luynes, and was Lady-in-Waiting to Queen Marie Antoinette. Of very liberal opinions, very intelligent and original, the Duchesse often wore men's dress. She was an intimate friend of the Prince de Talleyrand, and died suddenly in her castle of Esclimont.

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MACAULAY, Thomas Babington, Lord (1800-1859). English historian, Member of Parliament and of the Privy Council, Minister of War from 1839-1841.

MACLEOD, Alexander. An English subject, MacLeod was tried in 1841 at New York for presumed complicity in the burning of the steamboat Caroline on the Niagara in 1837. He was acquitted after a narrow escape from the gallows.

MACKAU, Baron Armand de, the Admiral (1788-1855). Peer of France in 1841, he was Naval and Colonial Minister in 1843, in place of Admiral Roussin, but resigned in 1847. He entered the Senate in 1852.

MADEMOISELLE Louise, daughter of the Duc and Duchesse de Berry (1819-1864). Often also called Mlle. de Rosny after the exile. She married in 1845 the Duc de Parme, who was assassinated in 1854. She acted as Regent during the minority of her son, Duc Robert.

MAGNAN, Bernard Pierre (1791-1865). Made Marshal of France by Napoleon III.

MAHON, Lady Emily. Died in 1873. Daughter of General Sir Edward Kerrison. Married in 1838 Philip Henry Stanhope, Viscount Mahon (1805-1875), who became Lord Stanhope on the death of his father in 1855. He was a historian and a distinguished diplomatist.

MAILLÉ, the Marquise de. Née Mlle. Baudon, she had married in 1831 the Marquis de Tour Landry.

MAISTRE, the Comte Rodolphe de (1789-1865). Son of Comte Joseph de Maistre. He was Governor of Genoa afterwards of Nice.

MAISTRE, Adèle de. Born in 1787. Sister of Comte R. de Maistre, she married the Baron de Terray very late in life.

MAISTRE, the Comtesse Azélia de (1799-1881). Eldest daughter of the Marquis de Plan de Sieyès, retired naval officer, she married at Valence in 1819 the Comte R. de Maistre.

MAISTRE, Francesca de. Born in 1821. Daughter of the Comte Rodolphe de Maistre. In 1842 she entered the Order of the Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul.

MALTZAN, Count** (1783-1843). Prussian diplomatist.

MALTZAN, Countess Alexandrina von (1818-1894). Daughter of the foregoing, and married in 1841 Lord Beauvale, who was then English Ambassador at Vienna. After his death in 1853, she married in 1856 George Wild Forrester.

MANTEUFFEL, Baron Otho von (1805-1879). Home Secretary in 1848 in the Brandenburg Cabinet; Leader of the Cabinet and Foreign Secretary in 1851; Plenipotentiary Minister at the Paris Congress in 1856.

MARIA CHRISTINA, Queen** (1806-1878). Daughter of King Francis I. of Naples, and third wife of Ferdinand VII., King of Spain.

MARIE LOUISE, the Empress (1791-1847). Daughter of the Emperor of Austria, Francis II.; she married Napoleon I. in 1810.

MARIO, Joseph, Marquis of Candia (1808-1883). Italian singer. Born at Turin, he first entered the Sardinian Cavalry as an officer. He then deserted, and came to Paris in 1836. He made his first appearance at the theatre in 1838, and was afterwards most successful.

MARMONT, Marshal, Auguste Frederic Louis, Duc de Raguse (1774-1852). Took part in all the wars under the Republic and the Empire, and enjoyed high favour under the Restoration, when he became peer of France. Louis Philippe, however, struck him off the Army List for accompanying Charles X. to England, and from that time the Marquis lived abroad.

MARS, Mlle. (1778-1847). Famous French actress. One of the first-rate actresses who restored the glory of the French theatre.

MARTIN DU NORD, Nicolas Ferdinand* (1789-1862). French politician.

MASSA, the Duchesse de.* Born in 1792. Daughter of the Duc de Tarente, and widow of Régnier, Duc de Massa.

MATTHIOLI, Count Girolamo. Born in 1640. Minister to Charles III., the Duke of Mantua, he was commissioned to negotiate the secret Treaty with France, but he sold the secret. The French Ambassador was informed of this treachery, enticed him to French territory, and had him arrested and confined at Pignerol; for a long time he was supposed to be the "Man in the Iron Mask." In 1681 he was taken to Exiles with the "Man in the Iron Mask," and in 1687 one of the two died. The dead man was thought to be Matthioli.

MATUSIEWICZ, Count* (1790-1842). Russian diplomatist.

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, the Dowager Grand Duchess of** (1771-1871). By birth a Princess of Hesse-Homburg, and stepmother to the Duchesse d'Orléans.

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, Duke Gustavus of* (1781-1861). One of the sons of the Grand Duke Francis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, Duke Albert of (1812-1842). Son of the Grand Duke Frederick Francis and of the Princess Caroline of Saxe-Weimar, and brother of the Duchesse d'Orléans.

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, the Grand Duke Frederick of (1823-1883). His mother was a Prussian Princess. He was a good soldier, and fought with distinction. He was thrice married.

MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ, the Grand Duke George of** (1779-1860). He married in 1817 a Princess of Hesse-Cassel.

MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ, Hereditary Grand Duke Frederick William of (1819-1904). Succeeded his father in 1860. He became blind at an early age, and married the eldest daughter of Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge.

MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ, Duke George of (1824-1876). Younger brother of the foregoing. He entered the Russian service, and married the Grand Duchess Catherine, daughter of the Grand Duke Michael of Russia.

MEDEM, Count Paul* (1800-1854). Russian diplomatist and cousin of the Duchesse de Talleyrand.

MEHEMET ALI (1769-1849). Viceroy of Egypt. In two wars against the Porte, in 1832 and 1839, his son Ibrahim was his lieutenant. He entirely reformed the Egyptian army and was recognised by the Government as hereditary Pasha.

MELBOURNE, William Lamb, Lord* (1779-1848). English politician.

MELBOURNE, Lady. Died in 1828. Née Lady Caroline Ponsonby and daughter of Lord Bessborough, she had married in 1805 Lord Melbourne. She obtained a certain literary reputation. Notorious for her intimacy with Lord Byron, she was soon divorced by her husband.