Kitabı oku: «On The War In Africa», sayfa 2
And in fact Curione made the armies descend from the heights to the plain, because in his mind he was even more convinced that the enemies wanted to retreat, an impression that added to the previous ones.
41.
Curione, after having already descended a long way from the heights, since the army had already covered 16 miles (24 kilometres) and was exhausted, decided to stop. Saburra, seeing the move of the Roman, gave the signal to his army, deployed it in battle order and, wandering among his own, urged them to fight; he also kept the infantry in the second line as if he wanted to intimidate with the number, leaving the task to attack his cavalry.
Curione did not fail in his duties as commander and exhorted his men to value every hope of salvation; even the soldiers did not fail in their duty: though tired, the knights, though few remained, did not fail in zeal. And there were a total of 200 of them left, because the others had marched on because they were tired... These very knights went everywhere to attack, forcing their enemies to retreat, but they did not have the strength to chase them, nor could they ask their horses for any more enthusiasm. But the cavalry already managed to surround our ranks on both sides and attack us from behind. Whenever the cohorts attempted a counterattack and disengaged from the ranks, they were isolated, because the Numidians, fresher, immediately avoided contact; when ours tried to return, they were prevented from doing so by their enemies. For this reason there was no security in maintaining position or deployment, nor in trying their luck with an attack. In addition, the enemy ranks continued to increase thanks to the constant contingents sent by King Juba, while our troops were becoming less and less tired, and the wounded could not even leave the line or take refuge in a safe place, since the whole army was now surrounded and held in a vice by the enemy cavalry. Ours desperate to be saved and everyone (as the dying usually do) recommended themselves to their dead relatives, praying that some of them could escape from that danger; fear and panic were everywhere.
42.
Curione understood that his men no longer listened to his exhortations, not even when he begged them to do so, because they were all gripped by terror; given the disastrous situation, he confided that there was only one way of salvation: he ordered all his men to occupy the nearby hills and bring the insignia, but the way was closed to them by the cavalry sent by Saburra, who had occupied them before ours. At this point our people reached the maximum degree of despair; some of them, seeking escape, were killed by the enemy cavalry, others fell to the ground exhausted even though they were not wounded. Gnaeus Domitius, the commander of Curione's cavalry, taking sides around him with a few men, urged him to seek escape and return to the camp, promising not to abandon him. But Curione declared that he would never return to Caesar after he had lost the army he had confidently entrusted to him, and so he chose to die fighting. Only a very few knights were saved from battle, but the others who had stopped in the rearguard to rest, noticing what was happening and the escape of the whole army, managed to return unharmed to the camp, while the infantrymen, from the first to the last man, were all killed.
43.
Having become aware of these facts, Quaestor Marcio Ruffo - who had been left by Curione at Camp Cornelius - urged the soldiers not to lose heart, but they continued to beg him to take them back to Sicily with their ships. Marcio Ruffo promised to do so and gave orders to the commanders of the ships to keep, at the end of the evening, the spears anchored at the lido. The terror of all was so great that everyone spread unfounded things: there were those who said that King Juba's troops were now close by, others claimed that Azzio Varo's legions were already on them and even saw the dust (and yet nothing was happening at all), still others believed that the enemy fleet was coming fast. So, because they were all shaken by fear, it was every man for himself: those on the warships speeded up their departure, and the flight of the warships instigated the commanders of the cargo ships, so that only a few, small boats gathered to perform the task assigned to them. On the shore, there was a crowd to gain a place on the boats; so many sank because they were overweight, while others struggled to approach the shore for fear of following their fate.
44.
For these reasons, only a few soldiers - mostly family fathers - who proved to be influential by authority or pity on the part of others were able to embark; others were able to swim to the ships and thus reach Sicily safely.
The other troops chose to send centurions to Publio Azzio Varo as ambassadors at night and surrendered themselves to him, but the next day King Juba, arriving with his troops and seeing those cohorts in front of the city, publicly declared that he considered them his prey of war and ordered that many of them be killed immediately; the others, those personally chosen by Juba, were sent to his kingdom. Although Azzio Varo complained that this act offended his loyalty, he dared not oppose the will of the Numida king. Juba himself, who entered the city on horseback, followed by several senators - including Servio Sulpicio and Licino Damasippo - in a few days established and ordered what he wanted done in Utica, and after a few days, with all his soldiers, returned to his kingdom.
ON THE WAR IN AFRICA
DE BELLO AFRICO
On the ear in Africa
Gaius Jiulius Caesar
Latin text
Antefacto
De Bello Africo
MAPS
year 52 BC
Year 50 BC
Year 48 BC
Year 47 BC
Year 46 BC
Year 45 BC
Battle of Tapso
NOTES
DBG = De Bello Gallico
DBC = De Bello Civili
DBC AL = De Bello Alexandrino
DBC AF = De Bello Africo
DBC HI = De Bello Hispanico
Characters
A
Achilla - Achillan (Egyptian)
- DBC L3 Chapters 104, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112,
- DBC AL Chap. 4, 26,
- Egyptian General of the first century BC, said by Caesar to be capable and in command of a well-prepared army. Before the outbreak of the war Alexandria, the general was engaged in Pelusio against Cleopatra's militia, after the killing of Pompey and the arrival of Caesar in Egypt will move all troops to Alexandria putting the Roman general in considerable difficulty.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilla
M. Acilio - M. Acilio (Cesarian)
- DBC L3 Cap 15
- Cesarian Officer
- Not found
- http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/manio-acilio-glabrione/
- https://www.romanoimpero.com/2018/09/marco-acilio-glabrione.html
Lucius Afranius - Lucius Afranius (Pompeian)
- DBC L1 Cap. 37 to 53, 59 to 76, 83 to 87,
- DBC L2 Chap. 17, 18,
- DBC L3 Chap. 83, 88,
- DBC AF Cap 64, 69, 95,
- DBC HI Cap. 7,
- He was a politician and a Roman general no much loved by the Senate but always loyal to Pompey. He was active in the third war against Mithridates but with poor performance. He was elected Consul in 60 B.C. thanks to Pompey's support but he didn't meet the expectations. He was later Governor in Spain with 3 legions and in 49 BC he faced Caesar. Defeated and pardoned he returned to fight Caesar both in Farsalo and in Africa where he was defeated and executed again.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucio_Afranio_(console_60_a.C.)
Alianus - Alienus - Governor of Sicily in 46 BC.
- DBC AF Chap. 2, 34, 44,
- Governor of Sicily in charge of continuing preparations to bring in the new legions.
- Not found
Androstene - Praetor of Thessaly
DBC L3 Cap 80,
Not found
Titus Ampius Balbo Titus Ampius Balbus (Pompeian)
- DBC L3 Cap 105,
- He was a Roman politician, at the outbreak of the civil war he sided with Pompey, was then pardoned by Caesar.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Ampio_Balbo
Gaius Antonio - C. Antonio (?)
- DBC L3 Chap. 67,
- Roman military.
- Not found
Antonio? (Not identifiable with certainty)
- DBC HI Cap 17, 18,
- He seems to be a well-known person but the text does not specify who he is.
- Not found
Mark Antony - Marcus Antonius (Caesarian)
- DBC L1 Chapters 2, 11, 18,
- DBC L2 Cap. -
- DBC L3 Chapters 4, 10, 24, 26, 29, 30, 34, 40, 46, 65, 89,
- He was a Roman politician and general at the turn of the first century BC. His career remained linked to that of Julius Caesar of whom he was an important lieutenant. In addition to the civil war that opposed Caesar to Pompey, there is his personal story that saw him as the protagonist immediately after the assassination of Caesar with the brief war of Mutina (Modena), the Second Triunvirate followed by a new clash between the Romans. After the elimination of the Caesaricides and the division of the provinces, contrasts arose between the Triunvirates that soon led to the final clash with Octavian. He was the first politician who suffered the cancellation of his name and his effigy from all official acts of the Roman Republic. His political and human story is very interesting and not yet fully understood because of the aura of romanticism that envelops his turbulent relationship with Cleopatra. On Mark Antony and his descendants one can well notice the unjust and moral way of Augustus' government, characteristic before the de facto dictatorships, even if they were not concomitant. Another curiosity is linked to the use of defining a Marcantonio, men with an imposing appearance, which derives precisely from the physical appearance of Mark Antony.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Antonio
D. Eagle (Caesarian)
- DBC AF Caps. 62, 63, 67,
- Roman Military
- Not found
M. Aquinas (Pompeian)
- DBC AF Cap 57, 89,
- Roman Military
- Not found
Clodio Arquetio - Clodio Arguetius (Caesarian)
- FBC HI Cap 10, 23,
- Caesar's lieutenant
- Not found
Ariarate X (10) - Ariarathi X - King of Cappadocia
- DBC AL Cap. 66,
- Maybe it's Ariarate X (10) from Cappadocia
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariarate_X_di_Cappadocia
Ariobarzane II (2) Eusebius (Roman ally)
- DBC AL Chap. 34, 66,
- King of Cappadocia who reigned for a few years.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariobarzane_II_di_Cappadocia
Ariobarzane III (3) Eusebius - Ariobarzanis (Roman ally)
- DBC L3 Chap. 4,
- DBC AL Cap. 34,
- King of Cappadocia of the first century B.C.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariobarzane_III_di_Cappadocia
Arsinoe IV (the fourth) Egyptian Princess
- DBC L3 Cap. 112,
- DBC AL Chap. 4, 33,
- Egyptian Princess, Cleopatra's younger sister who in her youth challenged Caesar by actively participating in the Alexandrine War through her advisor Ganymede who gave the Roman general a hard time. She ended up exiled to Antioch and later killed probably on the orders of the couple Mark Antony, Cleopatra.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsinoe_IV
Lucio Nonio Asprenate - Asprenas (Cesarian)
- DBC AF Cap 80,
- DBC HI Cap. 10,
- Roman praetor
- https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucio_Nonio_Asprenate_(console_36_a.C.)&action=edit&redlink=1
C. Atheist C. Atheiuis (Pompeian)
- DBC AF Cap. 89,
- Roman Citizen
- Not found
P. Atrium P. Atrius (Pompeian)
- DBC AF Cap 68, 89,
- Roman Military
- Not found
C. Avienus (Caesarian)
- DBC AF Cap 54,
- Military Tribune of the Tenth Legion
- Not found
B
Luceio Balbo (Cesariano)
- DBC L3 Chap. 19,
- Not found
A. Bebio - A. Baebius (Knight of Asti)
- DBC HI Cap. 26,
- Roman Knight of the city of Asti, Piedmont, Italy
- Not found
Marcus Calpurnio Bibulus - Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus (Pompeian)
- DBC L3 Chap. 5, 7. 8, 14, 15, 18, 110
- He was one of the main opponents of Julius Caesar with whom he found himself sharing the Consulate but without being able to take away his visibility and operational capacity. Supported by Marcus Porcius Cato, he was able to hold other public offices including a governorate of Syria, when he returned he was in the middle of the civil war between Caesar and Pompey. Placed in command of the Adriatic fleet, he made a serious tactical error that would allow Caesar to reach the other coast. Having learned his lesson, he blocked all the Adriatic ports to prevent the arrival of further supplies but in 48 BC he fell ill and died at Corfu.
- https://it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Calpurnio_Bibulo
Bagud or Bogus, Bogos, Bogud, Bochus - King of Mauritania (Ally of Caesar)
- DBC AL Cap. 59, 60, 62,
- DBC AF Cap 23, 25,
- He is a king of Mauritania allied with Julius Caesar in the war against Pompey. He did not have very important roles in the first part of the civil war, in De Bello Alessandrino he intervened in the dispute between Cassius and Marcellus in a questionable way, while in 45 B.C. in Munda he was decisive in provoking the disbandment of Pompey's son's army.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogud
Tenth Junius Brutus Albinus - Decimus Iunius Brutus Albinus (Caesarian)
- DBC L1 Chap. 36, 56, 57,
- DBC L2 Chapters 3, 5, 6, 22,
- He is one of the most famous characters in history, his fame is closely linked to the murder of Julius Caesar and to a sentence pronounced by Caesar at the point of death. Brutus closely followed Julius Caesar's career, he was with him in Gaul and in the first two years of the civil war, particularly in the siege of Marseilles. Later he moved away a little bit from the flattery of the Senators belonging to the party against Caesar, this because Brutus was the descendant of a very important Roman family that had played a very important role in the passage from the monarchy to the Republic, That's why the conspirators thought it important that he was also at the Ides of March. He would later face the Second Triunvirate and be one of the four protagonists of the battle of Philippi. He is a very complex figure both from a historical and psychological point of view, one can assume that he found himself squeezed between characters capable of manipulating many people.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimo_Giunio_Bruto_Albino
C
Quintus Fufio Calenus - Quintus Fufius Calenus (Caesarian)
- DBC L1 Chapter 87,
- DBC L3 Chapters 8, 14, 26, 56, 106,
- DBC AL Chap. 44,
- He was a Roman politician and soldier of the first century B.C. always close to Caesar's positions, he took part both in the war in Spain in 49 B.C. and in the Alexandrine War, he played a fairly important role in the Aegean Sea but did not take part in the Battle of Farsalo. Following Caesar's death he sided with Mark Antony but died before the final battle.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinto_Fufio_Caleno
Marco Calidio - M. Calidius - Marcus Calidius (politician)
- DBC L1 Cap. 2,
- Probably a Roman senator, held some public office...
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Calidio
Cneo Domitius Calvinus - C. Domitius Calvinus - Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus (Caesarian)
- DBC L3 Chapters 34 through 38, 78, 79, 89,
- DBC AL Chap. 9, 34 to 42, 65, 69, 74,
- DBC AF Cap 86, 93,
- He belonged to one of the most important families of the Roman nobility, he was always a supporter of Caesar from the beginning, he fought in Farsalo where he commanded the center of Caesar's army. He then obtained the governorship of Asia where he clashed with Farnace, suffering a heavy defeat. After Caesar's death he sided with the Triunvirs and in military operations prior to the battle of Philippi he suffered a second heavy military defeat when his fleet with reinforcements was intercepted and destroyed in the Ionian Sea. However, he continued his political career and even if we do not have much news about his work we know that he remained in the circle of the most loyal of the now Augustus.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gneo_Domizio_Calvino
Acilio Canino (Caesarian)
- DBC L3 Chap. 39, 40,
- Roman Military
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gens_Acilia
Gaius Caninius Rebilus (Caesarian)
- DBC L2 Cap. 24, 34,
- He was a plebeian who served under Caesar in Gaul and in the Civil War where Caesar used him in the early days of the clash to enter into negotiations with Pompey. He was sent to Africa with Gaius Scribonius Curion and was one of the few to return to Sicily.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Caninio_Rebilo
L. Canuleio (Caesarian)
- DBC L3 Chap. 42,
- Caesar's lieutenant
- Not found
C. Caponio (?)
- DBC L3 Chap. 5,
- Not found
Gaius Casius Longinus - C. Cassius, Gaius Cassius Longinus (?, Pompeian)
- DBC L3 Chap. 5, (101 ?)
- He was a Roman politician and soldier, he found himself at the battle of Carre with Crassus but managed to save himself and organize the defence of the Syrian province. He was one of the conspirators in the assassination of Caesar...
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Cassio_Longino
Fifth Cassio Longino - Q. Cassinis Longinus (Caesarian)
- DBC L1 Cap. 2,
- DBC L2 Chap. 19, 21,
- DBC AL Cap. 48 to 65,
- DBC HI Cap. 42,
- In 47 B.C. he was Tribune of the Plebe and Governor in Spain, almost everything we know about him is told in the De Bello Civili and Alexandrino, is described as greedy and cruel.
- http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/quinto-cassio-longino/
Marcus Porcius Cato II (the second) the (Son)
- DBC HI Cap 17, 18,
- Son of the much more famous Marco Porcio Catone
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Porcio_Catone_(II)
Marco Porcio Catone Uticense - M. Cato - Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis (Pompeian)
- DBC L1 Chapters 4, 30, 32,
- DBC AF Chapters 22, 36, 87, 88, 89,
- He is one of Caesar's most die-hard opponents, with whom he will have a great many disagreements in the Senate. Sources describe him as an intransigent, moralistic and law-abiding person, he sided with Pompey and continued to fight even after Farsalo taking refuge in Africa, he preferred suicide to the dishonour of being captured. Also in this case the figure is quite controversial because if it is true that he was a morally impeccable person it is equally true that he enjoyed enormous wealth and was substantially against reforms aimed at rebalancing social inequalities.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Porcio_Catone_Uticense
P. Caucilius - P. Caucilius (Pompeian)
- DBC HI Cap. 32,
- Roman Military
- Not found
T. Cecil (Pompeian)
- DBC L1 Chap. 46, 47,
- Centurion
- Not found
Cecina (Pompeii)
- DBC AF Cap. 89,
- Roman Citizen
- Not found
L. Cell (Pompeian)
- DBC AF Cap. 89,
- Roman Citizen
- Not found
Gaius Julius Caesar - Gaius Iulius Caesar
- DBC L1 Cap. All
- DBC L2 Cap. All
- DBC L3 Cap. All
- DBC AL Cap. All
- DBC AF Cap. All
- DBC HI Cap. All
- He is the author of these works, both when they were written by him in person and when they were dictated or inspired by him, also because his exploits were narrated in them and they were essentially political propaganda. For further information we refer you to the preface and other books that analyse his figure from all points of view.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Giulio_Cesare
Lucius Julius Caesar - Lucius Iulius Caesar (Caesarian)
- DBC L1 Chap. 8, 10,
- DBC AF Cap 88,
- He was a cousin of Gaius Julius Caesar of whom he was Legate in Gaul, after the crossing of the Rubicon by Caesar he sided with his cousin but did not take an active part in the clashes. After the assassination, instead, he sided with Cicero and ended up on the proscription lists of the Second Triumvirate.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucio_Giulio_Cesare_(console_64_a.C.)
Lucius Julius Caesar Son (?, Pompeian)
- DBC L1 Chap. 8, 10,
- DBC L2 ch. 23,
- DBC AF Cap 88,
- The news in the text is scarce and confused, it seems he sided with Pompey, we are not sure if he is the son of Caesar's cousin.
- Not found.
Sixth Julius Caesar - Sextus Iulius Caesar (Caesar)
- DBC L2 Cap 20,
- DBC AL Cap. 66,
- He was Caesar's cousin, in 49 B.C. servants in Spain and it seems that he continued to follow Caesar throughout the Civil War, in 47 he obtained the governorship of Syria with some success but after an uprising in his province he suffered a very heavy military defeat. Some historians think that he was Caesar's heir and that only after his death in Syria, Caesar thought of Octavian.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesto_Giulio_Cesare_(cousin_of_Cesare)
Marcus Tulio Cicero - M. Cicero - Marcus Tullius Cicero (Pompeian)
- Not mentioned but very important.
- He is one of the most important figures in the Roman world, a contemporary of Caesar's, who had a troubled relationship with them. Cicero was always on the side of the Senate and one can think that he was one of the inspirers of the conspiracy that ended in March. The political importance is also remarkable for the many letters that allow us to understand the plots of that complicated historical period. But he was also very important in the philosophical and literary field, it was in fact he who correctly translated some purely philosophical terms from Greek to Latin, his literary style is still considered the classical Latin on which many people still study today. A particular importance must be given to his famous sentence pronounced during a relatively unimportant trial but that will make Cicero the most famous lawyer in Rome, the sentence is "to whom is it convenient?"; in that trivial trial for murder Cicero was able to demonstrate that the condemnation of the accused served a powerful Libertus to take possession of the property of the condemned man. That powerful Libertus was closely linked to the Dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Tullio_Cicerone
L. Cispio (Cesariano)
- DBC AF Cap 62, 67,
- Roman Military
- Not found
Cleopatra - Cleopatra Tea Philopator, (Queen of Egypt)
- DBC L3 Chap. 103, 107,
- DBC to Chapter 33,
- The most famous and important queen of Egypt even if her reign substantially coincided with the end of the same that will become a Roman province. She is mistakenly considered a beautiful woman, but this is not comforted by her representations, but the historical sources, when carefully read, make us understand that she was very fascinating and endowed with remarkable intelligence, something quite rare especially in the Eastern world. Her great fame is linked to Julius Caesar and his successor Mark Antony, both of whom were her lovers, the latter in particular seems to have been her great passion. It should be noted that in De Bello Alessandrino Cleopatra is hardly mentioned while all the other sources tell us that she was Caesar's lover.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra
Aulus Clodius (Caesarianus)
- DBC L3 Cap 57, 90,
- Common friend of Caesar and Metellus Scipio II (the second)
- Not found
C. Clusina - C. Clusinas (Caesarian)
- DBC AF Cap 54,
- Not found
Q. Cominio (Caesarian)
- DBC AF Chap. 44, 46,
- Officer of Caesar
- Not found
Gaius Considio Longo - C. Considius (Pompeian)
- DBC L2 Cap 23,
- DBC AF Chapters 3, 4, 5, 33, 43, 76, 86, 93,
- He was Roman governor of the province of Africa.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Considio_Longo
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governatori_romani_dell%27Africa_proconsolare#Epoca_repubblicana
Gaius Considio Longo (Son) (Pompeian)
- DBC AF Cap. 89,
- Roman Citizen
- Not found
Coponius (Pompeian)
- DBC L3 Cap. 26,
- He was in command of the Rodie ships in the Otranto Strait blockade.
- Not found
Corfulano - Carfulenum - (Caesarian)
- DBC AL Cap. 31,
- He was a Roman centurion esteemed by Julius Caesar
- Not found
P. Cornelius - P. Cornelius - (Pompeian)
- DBC AF Cap 76,
- Roman Military
- Not found
Fifth Cornificio - Q. Cornificius (Caesarian)
- DBC AL Chap. 42, 43, 44, 47,
- General and Governor, in 48 B.C. he gave valuable help in Illyria, after Caesar's death he sided with the Senators and against the new Triunvirs.
- http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/quinto-cornificio/
Coto - Cotys VI (the sixth), King of Thrace (Pompeian)
- DBC L3 Chap. 4, 36,
- We found no direct information on him, but one of his descendants did.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotys_VIII
Cotta (Pompeian)
- DBC L1 Chap. 6, 30,
- Perhaps Tribune of the Plebe
- Not found
Gracchi - Cracchi, Tiberio Sempronio Gracco (politician)
- DBC L1 Chap. 7,
- He was a Roman politician with a short career but very important because he foresaw the redistribution of the land in favour of the poorer classes, he would end up assassinated but he would continue to influence Roman political life because his story would remain an open wound in the conflict between Plebe and Ottimati.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberio_Sempronio_Gracco_(tribune_of_plebe_133_a.C.)
Marcus Licinius Crassus - M. Crassus - Marcus Licinius Crassus Dives (political)
- Not mentioned but important.
- He was a politician with a short and unfortunate career but very important for the consequences of his political alliances. He was in fact one of the first three Triunviri with Caesar and Pompey, especially Caesar often resorted to the financial help of Crassus in exchange for political support. He was one of the richest men of his time thanks to the wealth accumulated by his father, he was known to have defeated Spartacus. With the support of the other two Triunvirs he obtained the governorship of Syria where he led in 53 BC an unfortunate military campaign against the parties in which he died. This happened while Caesar was still engaged in Gaul, the untimely death of this ambitious political figure is almost certainly one of the causes of the outbreak of civil war between Caesar and Pompey, his disappearance broke the balance and erased the ability to mediate the political agreement at the basis of the First Triunvirate.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Licinio_Crasso
Otacil Crassus - Oticilius Crassus (Pompeian)
- DBC L3 Chapters 28, 29,
- Not found
Gaius Crastinus, (Caesar's veteran)
- DBC L3 Chap. 91, 99,
- Centurion of the X (10) legion mentioned by Caesar during the Battle of Farsalo
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Crastino
Marcio Crispo, Marco Crispo (Cesariano)
DBC AF Cap. 77,
Roman military and politician with a long career.
- https://translate.google.it/translate?hl=it&sl=pt&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinto_M%25C3%25A1rcio_Crispo&prev=search
Gaius Scribonius Curio - Gaius Scribonius Curio (Caesarian)
- DBC L1 Chapters 12, 24, 30, 31,
- DBC L2 ch. 3, 23 to 44
- DBC AF Cap 40, 52,
- He was a politician and a Roman soldier with great oratorical skills, in 49 B.C. he sided with Julius Caesar and joined him in Ravenna. He is a figure very present in Caesar's works and in particular in De Bello Civili, in the part that deals with his adventure in Africa where he will find death in battle.
- https://it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Scribonio_Curione
Vibio Curio (Caesarian)
- DBC L1 Cap. 24,
- DBC AF Cap 19?,
- Not found.
D
Lucius Decidius Saxa - Lucius Decidius Saxa (Caesarian)
- DBC L1 Cap. 66,
- He was a worthy lieutenant both at the beginning of his career under Caesar and later with Mark Antony.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucio_Decidio_Saxa
C. Tenth - C. Decimus (Pompeian)
- DBC AF Cap 34.
- Questore a Cercina
- Not found
Deiotaro - Deiotarus, King of Galatia
- DBC L3 Chapter 4,
- DBC AL Chap. 34, 39, 67, 69, 77, 78,
- He was a monarch of Galatia who was always faithful to the Roman Republic and helped Pompey a lot in the third war against Mithridates. At the outbreak of the civil war he gave his support to Pompey but then he had to ask Caesar for help to recover his kingdom.
- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deiotaro
Licinius Demasippus (Senator, Pompeian)
- DBC L2 Chap. 44,
- DBC AF Cap. 89, 96,
- He was a senator of Rome mentioned in De Bello Alessandrino as a supporter of Pompey.
- Not found
Didio (Caesarian)
- DBC HI Chap. 37, 38, 39, 40, ,
- Roman political and military
- Not found
Dioscorides (Egyptian)
- DBC L3 Chap. 109,
- Dignitary Ambassador
- Not found
Cneo Domitius (Caesarian)
- DBC L2 Chap. 42,
- Commander of the cavalry of Gaius Scribon Curion in Africa.
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