Der blinde Fleck der Systemtheorie

Niklas Luhmann entwarf seine Systemtheorie für die Funktionssysteme Wirtschaft, Recht, Politik und Ökonomie. Später beschrieb er mit diesem Ansatz zwar auch die sozialen Systeme von Kunst, Liebe und Religion. Dies führte allerdings zu einer Reihe von Aussagen, die zentralen Theoremen der «ersten» Systemtheorie widersprechen.

Harry Lehmanns zentrale These ist: Diese Abweichungen von der «orthodoxen»

Systemtheorie lassen sich als Strukturmerkmale eines anderen Typus von Kommunikationsmedien beschreiben. Diese «Humanmedien» schließen – anders als Wirtschaft, Recht und Wissenschaft – den Menschen nicht funktional aus den Kommunikationsprozessen aus. Sondern sie schließen im Gegenteil die Subjekte – mit ihren idiosynkratischen Wahrnehmungen, Empfindungen und Gedanken – in solche Prozesse gezielt ein.

Die Kommunikation in Humanmedien ist in ganz eigener Weise codiert. Das hat weitreichende Folgen für unser Verständnis von Gesellschaft. Die symbolisch generalisierten Kommunikationsmedien der Macht, des Geldes, des Rechts und der wissenschaftlichen Wahrheit schränken mit ihren jeweiligen Funktionssystemen die Welt des menschlichen Sinns radikal ein. Hierin haben die spezifisch modernen Erfahrungen einer verwalteten Welt oder des entfremdeten Subjekts ihren Ursprung.

Die Medien von Kunst, Liebe und Religion erschließen hingegen den Subjekten neue Möglichkeiten des Erlebens und der Kommunikation, die es ansonsten nicht gibt. Humanmedien bringen einen nichtfunktionalen emphatischen Sinn und damit auch Freiheit in die moderne Gesellschaft. Der Autor: Harry Lehmann, Dr. phil.; Philosoph und wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Universität Luxemburg mit den Schwerpunkten Systemtheorie, Kunstphilosophie und Musikphilosophie; freier Autor mit zahlreichen Publikationen, darunter: Ideologiemaschinen. Wie Cancel Culture funktioniert (2024).

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