Ein Wohnwagen (auch: Caravan) ist ein Anhänger für Kraftfahrzeuge, in dem sich eine Wohnungseinrichtung befindet. Sie gehören zu den am häufigsten genutzten Ferienunterkünften.

Wesentlicher Unterschied zu den Wohnmobilen (Reisemobilen) ist das Fehlen eines eigenen Antriebs. Nachteil ist die Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung für Gespanne, die so zumindest für kleinere Wohnmobile (unter 3,5 t) nicht gilt; weiterhin der Umstand, dass für Anhänger ab 750 kg zulässiger Gesamtmasse (unter die der Großteil aller Wohnwagen fällt) bei der Überschreitung von Grenzwerten (Masse des Anhängers größer als Leermasse des Zugfahrzeuges oder Gesamtmasse des Zuges größer als 3,5 t) ein zusätzlicher Anhängerführerschein (Klasse BE) erworben werden muss, sofern nicht vor dem 31. Dezember 1998 ein Führerschein der alten Klasse 3 erworben wurde.

Die 3. Führerschein-Richtlinie der EU (nationale Umsetzung – hier der Führerscheinklassen – bis 2013) sieht für Gespannfahrer eine Erleichterung vor (ein noch zu gestaltender «Befähigungsnachweis» zum Führen von Gespannmassen von mehr als 3,5 t bis zu 4,25 t mit Klasse B).

Vorteile von Wohnwagen sind, dass das Auto nach dem Abstellen des Wohnwagens für Ausflüge zur Verfügung steht, ohne den ganzen Hausstand mitnehmen zu müssen und dass ein Wohnwagen meist deutlich weniger als die Hälfte eines vergleichbar großen Wohnmobiles kostet.

Im Jahre 2005 wurden in Deutschland erstmals mehr Wohn-/Reisemobile als Caravans neu zugelassen.

Geschichte

Erste «Reisewagen» (chambre du voyage) gab es seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts in Großbritannien. Es waren bisweilen sehr luxuriös eingerichtete, zweiachsige und anfangs noch von Pferden gezogene Gefährte. Schon kurz nach Einführung des Automobils entstand hier im Jahre 1908 der erste «Caravan Club». Zu Beginn des Zweiten Weltkrieges gab es auf den britischen Inseln mehrere tausend Wohnwagen.

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«Handbuch Wohnwagen Wohnmobil Kaufen, Leben und fahren», Heinz Duthel benzeri kitaplar