Kitabı oku: «A Synopsis of the Birds of North America», sayfa 12
157. 2. Emberiza Townsendii, Aud. Townsend's Bunting
Plate CCCC. Fig. 4. Male.
Bill very stout, with the upper outline considerably convex. Head, cheeks, hind neck, sides of the neck, fore part of the breast, and sides of the body, deep bluish-grey, the head streaked with black; back yellowish-brown, streaked with dusky, the feathers edged with grey, rump yellowish-grey; quills and tail-feathers wood-brown, slightly edged with paler; a narrow white line over the eye; throat white, with a narrow band of black on each side; abdomen and middle part of breast greyish-white.
Male, 53/4, 9.
One specimen (in my possession) procured in Pennsylvania.
Townsend's Bunting, Emberiza Townsendii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 183; v. v. p. 90.
158. 3. Emberiza Grammaca, Say. Lark Bunting
Plate CCCXC. Fig. 1. Male.
Second and third quills longest, first and fourth about equal; tail rather long, rounded. Male with three longitudinal bands of white on the head, separated by two bands of bright chestnut-red, the anterior part of which is black; upper parts light greyish-brown, longitudinally streaked with dusky, the central part of each feather being of the latter colour, the hind part of the back and the rump without streaks; two faint bands of yellowish-white on the wings, formed by the tips of the first row of small coverts, and those of the secondary coverts, and a patch of the same formed by the bases of the outer primaries; quills dusky brown, primaries margined with whitish, secondaries more broadly with light red; tail darker, all the feathers except the middle, terminated by white, which, on the outer, occupies more than a third of its length, and extends nearly to the base of the outer web; below the eye a white streak, cheeks bright chestnut, with an anterior black spot, under them a broad white band from the lower mandible, curving upwards, separated from the throat, which is white, by a short line of black on each side; lower parts white, the lower part of the neck greyish, the sides tinged with greyish-white. Female similar to the male, but with the head simply coloured like the back, and the sides streaked with brown.
Male, 61/2, 81/4.
Upper Missouri, and eastern declivities of the Rocky Mountains. Common. Migratory.
Fringilla grammaca, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 47.
Lark Finch, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 480.
Lark Finch, Fringilla grammaca, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 17.
159. 4. Emberiza graminea, Gmel. Grass or Bay-winged Bunting
Plate XC. Male.
Second, third, and fourth quills longest, first and fourth nearly equal; tail rather long, slightly emarginate. Upper parts light greyish-brown, streaked with dusky; smaller wing coverts yellowish-red or bay; quills and larger coverts dusky brown, margined with greyish-white; two whitish bands on the wing, formed by the tips of the first row of small coverts, and the secondary coverts; tail dusky brown, the greater part of the outer feather, and the terminal portion of the outer web of the next white; a narrow circle of white round the eye; lower parts dull white, the throat, fore part of neck, and sides streaked with dark brown.
Male, 53/4, 10.
From Texas to the Columbia River and Fur Countries. Breeds from Maryland eastward and northward. Resident in winter from Carolina southward and westward. Extremely abundant.
Bay-winged Bunting, Emberiza graminea, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iv. p. 51.
Fringilla graminea, Bonap. Syn. p. 108.
Fringilla (Zonotrichia) graminea, Bay-winged Finch, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 254.
Bay-winged or Grass Finch, Fringilla graminea, Nutt. Man. v. i. p 482.
Grass Finch or Bay-winged Bunting, Fringilla graminea, Aud. Orn Biog. v. i. p. 473; v. v. p. 502.
160. 5. Emberiza Savanna, Bon. Savannah Bunting
Plate CIX. Male and Female.
Outer four quills almost equal; tail emarginate, with the feathers pointed. Upper parts light greyish-brown, streaked with dusky; smaller wing-coverts like the back; a faint yellow band over the eye, and a faint whitish band in the middle of the crown; two whitish bands on the wing, formed by the tips of the first row of small coverts and the secondary coverts, the latter very inconspicuous, quills and tail-feathers dusky brown, edged with paler, the lateral tail-feathers merely of a lighter tint; cheeks dull yellow, streaked with brown; lower part white, the throat and sides streaked with dusky.
Male, 51/2, 81/2.
From Texas to the Columbia River, and along the whole Atlantic coast to Nova Scotia. Extremely abundant during winter in all the Southern States. Breeds from Maryland eastward.
Savannah Finch, Fringilla savanna, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iv. p. 72.
Fringilla savanna, Bonap. Syn. p. 109.
Savannah Sparrow, Fringilla savanna, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 489.
Savannah Finch, Fringilla savanna, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 63; v. v. p. 516.
161. 6. Emberiza pallida, Swains. Clay-coloured Bunting
Plate CCCXCVIII. Fig. 2. Male.
Bill more slender and pointed than in the preceding species; wings more rounded, the second, third, and fourth quills being about equal, the first and fifth equal; tail long, emarginate, and a little rounded, upper parts light yellowish-brown, streaked with brownish-black, the streaks on the rump fainter; quills and tail-feathers greyish-brown, margined with brownish-white; over the eye a band of brownish-white; cheeks pale brown; sides of neck very light buff; the rest of the lower parts greyish-white, the sides tinged with greyish-brown. Female similar to the male, but with less yellow on the sides of the neck.
Male, 52/12, wing 27/12.
Platte River, Missouri Plains, and Fur Countries. Common. Migratory.
Emberiza pallida, Clay-coloured Bunting, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 251.
Clay-coloured Bunting, Emberiza pallida, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 66.
162. 7. Emberiza passerina, Wils. Yellow-winged Bunting
Plate CXXX. Male.
Bill very short and stout; tail-feathers acute. Upper parts light greyish-brown, mixed on the neck with ash-grey, the central parts of all the feathers brownish-black, the margins of those of the back bright chestnut; upper part of the head brownish-black, with a longitudinal central line of yellowish-white, and a yellow line over each eye; secondary coverts dusky, margined with greyish-white; the edge of the wing at the flexure bright yellow; quills and tail-feathers dusky brown, margined with whitish; lower parts pale yellowish-grey, the fore neck and lower tail-coverts of a richer tint; the sides inclining to grey, and faintly streaked with dusky.
Male, 49/12, 8.
Passes from Texas to Connecticut; breeds from Maryland to Connecticut. Columbia River. Rather Common. Migratory.
Yellow-winged Sparrow, Fringilla passerina, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 76.
Fringilla passerina, Bonap. Syn. p. 109.
Savannah Finch or Yellow shouldered Bunting, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 494.
Yellow-crowned Sparrow, Fringilla passerina, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 180; v. v. p. 497.
163. 8. Emberiza Henslowii, Aud. Henslow's Bunting
Plate LXX. Male.
Bill very stout; wings short, convex, the first quill equal to the fourth, and scarcely shorter than the second and third; tail emarginate and rounded, with the feathers acute. Upper parts light yellowish-brown, streaked with brownish-black, the margins of the feathers on the back and scapulars light red; the edge of the wing pale yellow; quills dusky, primaries edged with brownish-yellow, secondaries with light red; tail-feathers dusky, the outer margined with yellowish-brown, the middle more broadly with light red; lower parts light brownish-yellow, the abdomen and throat paler, the sides of the neck and body, and the fore part of the breast streaked with black.
Male, 5.
Winters in Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Florida. Breeds from Maryland to New York. Abundant. Accidental in Ohio.
Henslow's Bunting, Emberiza Henslowii, Nutt. Man. App. v. ii. p.
Henslow's Bunting, Emberiza Henslowii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 360; v. v. p. 498.
* Wings considerably rounded, with the third and fourth quills longest. Tail rather long, emarginate.
164. 9. Emberiza pusilla, Wils. Field Bunting. – Field Sparrow
Plate CXXXIX. Male.
Bill light brownish-red; upper part of the head chestnut-red; anterior part of the back streaked with dusky, bright chestnut, and yellowish-grey; a faint ring on the neck, a band over the eyes, and the throat pale bluish-grey; rump yellowish-grey; quills and tail dusky brown, the former margined with light red, the latter with yellowish-grey, lower parts greyish-white, the sides of the neck and body, and the fore part of the breast, tinged with yellowish-brown.
Male, 6, 8.
From Texas to Maryland, in Kentucky and the intermediate parts, during winter. Breeds from Maryland to Maine. Abundant.
Field Sparrow, Fringilla pusilla, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 121.
Fringilla pusilla; Bonap. Syn. p. 110.
Field or Rush Sparrow, Fringilla juncorum, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 499.
Field Sparrow, Fringilla pusilla, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 229.
165. 10. Emberiza socialis, Wils. Chipping Bunting. – Chipping Sparrow
Plate CIV. Male.
Bill with the upper mandible blackish-brown; upper part of the head bright chestnut-red, part of forehead black; anterior part of the back streaked with dusky, bright chestnut, and yellowish-grey; a faint ring on the neck, a band over the eyes, the throat, and fore part of the breast, pale bluish-grey; rump bluish-grey, streaked with dusky; quills and tail dusky brown, the former margined with light red, the latter with yellowish-grey; two white bands on the wing; breast and sides pale grey, inclining to white. This species closely resembles the last in colour, but may be distinguished by the black on the forehead, and the dusky colour of the bill.
Male, 51/4, 8.
Abundant throughout the United States. Winter resident in all the Southern States. Not seen in Texas, Nova Scotia, or Labrador.
Chipping Sparrow, Fringilla socialis, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 127.
Fringilla socialis, Bonap. Syn. p. 109.
Chipping Sparrow, Fringilla socialis, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 497.
Chipping Sparrow, Fringilla socialis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 21; v. v. p. 517.
166. 11. Emberiza Canadensis, Lath. Canada Bunting. – Tree Sparrow
Plate CLXXXVIII. Male and Female.
Bill with the upper mandible blackish-brown above, yellowish-red beneath; upper part of the head bright chestnut-red; anterior part of the back streaked with dusky, bright chestnut, and yellowish-grey; a faint ring on the neck, a band over the eyes, the throat and fore part of the breast pale bluish-grey; rump pale yellowish-grey, faintly streaked with dusky; quills and tail dusky brown, the former margined with light red, the latter with greyish-white; two white bands on the wing; breast and sides pale grey, inclining to white, the latter tinged with yellowish-brown.
This species is much larger than the last, wants the black spot on the forehead, and has the wing-bands more conspicuous.
Male, 61/4, 83/4.
Rarely reaches the Carolinas during winter, or Louisville on the Ohio. Breeds from Maine northward to the Fur Countries. Abundant. Migratory.
Tree Sparrow, Fringilla arborea, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 12.
Fringilla canadensis, Bonap. Syn. p. 109.
Emberiza canadensis, Tree Bunting, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 252.
Tree Sparrow, Fringilla canadensis, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 495.
Tree Sparrow, Fringilla canadensis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 511; v. v. p. 504.
GENUS III. NIPHÆA, Aud. SNOW-BIRD
Bill short, rather small, conical, acute; upper mandible a little broader than the lower, its dorsal line straight, slightly declinate at the tip, the sides convex, the edges nearly straight, slightly inflected, but overlapping; lower mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line straight, the sides convex, the edges a little inflected, the tip acute. Nostrils basal, roundish, concealed by the feathers. Head broadly ovate; neck short; body full. Feet of moderate length; tarsus rather short, stout, with seven scutella; toes rather strong, the first stout, the lateral equal. Claws rather long, arched, compressed, laterally grooved, tapering to a fine point. Plumage very soft and blended. Wings rather short, curved, rounded, second, third, and fourth quills longest, first longer than fifth. Tail rather long, slightly emarginate. Roof of upper mandible concave, with thin ridges, and a small knob at the base; tongue narrow, deep, grooved above, tapering to a horny point; œsophagus dilated about the middle; stomach rather small, roundish, muscular; intestine rather short; cœca very small. Name from [Greek: Niphos], snow.
167. 1. Niphæa hyemalis, Linn. Common Snow-Bird
Plate XIII. Male and Female.
Male with the head, hind neck, fore part of the breast, back, wings, and upper parts of the sides, greyish-black, deeper on the head and throat; quills margined with whitish; tail with the two lateral feathers on each side, and a patch on the inner web of the next white, as are the breast and abdomen. Female lighter grey, on the back tinged with brown.
Male, 61/4, 9.
Distributed, in winter, over the Southern, Western, and Middle Districts, as far as the base of the Rocky Mountains, and in the Fur Countries. Breeds from Maryland eastward, on the mountains. Very abundant.
Snow Bird, Fringilla nivalis, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 129.
Fringilla hyemalis, Bonap. Syn. p. 109.
Fringilla hyemalis, Black Finch, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 505.
Common Snow-Bird, Fringilla Hudsonia, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 491.
Snow-Bird, Fringilla hyemalis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 72; v. v. p. 505.
168. 2. Niphæa Oregona, Towns. Oregon Snow-Bird
Plate CCCXCVIII. Fig. 3. Male. Fig. 4. Female.
Male with the head, neck all round, and a portion of the breast black; the rest of the lower parts white, excepting the sides, which are tinged with brown; fore part of back reddish-brown, rump dull grey; quills dusky, the primaries edged with grey, the secondaries with reddish-brown; tail dusky, with the outer two feathers on each side white. Female with the head and neck blackish-grey, the back and wing-coverts dull brownish-red, the other parts as in the male.
Male, 61/4; wing, 31/12.
Columbia River. Common. Migratory.
Fringilla oregona, Oregon Snow-Finch, Towns. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, v. vii. p. 188.
Oregon Snow-Finch, Fringilla oregona, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 68.
GENUS IV. SPIZA, Bonap. PAINTED-BUNTING
Bill short, moderately stout, conical, acute; upper mandible rather narrower, with the dorsal line somewhat convex, the ridge narrow, the sides sloping and a little convex, the edges inclining upwards for a third of their length, then direct, with a slight notch close to the narrow declinate tip; lower mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line very slightly convex, the sides rounded, the edges involute, the tip acute. Nostrils basal, roundish, partly concealed by the feathers. Head broadly ovate; neck short; body rather full. Feet of moderate length; tarsus much compressed, with seven scutella; toes of moderate size, hind toe large, lateral equal. Claws slender, compressed, well arched, acute. Plumage full, soft, and blended. Wings of moderate length, the second and third quills longest, the first about equal to the fourth. Tail of moderate length, emarginate. Palate anteriorly with their narrow ridges, forming a large oblong hard knob at their base; tongue higher than broad, deeply grooved above, pointed; œsophagus dilated into a crop; stomach elliptical, muscular; intestine of moderate length; cœca very small.
169. 1. Spiza Ciris, Wils. Blue-headed Painted-Bunting. – Painted-Bunting. Painted-Finch
Plate LIII. Male and Female.
Male with the head and hind neck ultramarine-blue, eyelids vermilion; fore part of back and scapulars yellowish-green; rump purplish-red; smaller wing-coverts purplish-blue, secondary coverts green; quills and tail-feathers dusky; lower parts bright vermilion. Female yellowish-green above, greenish-yellow beneath. Young like the female. In the second year, the male with the upper parts olive-green, the lower dull orange, paler behind, head as in the adult; in the third year, with the back mottled with yellow and light green, the secondary coverts green, the rest as in the adult.
Male, 51/4, 71/2.
From Texas to North Carolina, and up the Mississippi to Natchez. Abundant. Migratory.
Painted Bunting, Emberiza Ciris, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 68.
Fringilla Ciris, Bonap. Syn. p. 107.
Painted Bunting, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 477.
Painted Finch, Fringilla Ciris, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 279; v. v. p. 517.
170. 2. Spiza cyanea, Wils. Indigo Painted-Bunting. – Indigo Bird
Plate LXXIV. Male and Female.
Male blue, tinged with verdigris-green, on the head approaching to ultramarine; quills and tail-feathers dusky, edged with greenish-blue. Female yellowish-brown above, paler beneath. Young like the female. Male, in the first autumn, of a lighter and duller blue than in the adult, the feathers of the upper parts tipped with brown, of the lower with yellowish, in the second year nearly as in the adult, but with the smaller coverts dull brown.
Male, 51/4, 71/2.
Distributed throughout the United States during summer. Abundant. Migratory.
Indigo Bird, Fringilla cyanea, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 100.
Fringilla cyanea, Bonap. Syn. p. 107.
Indigo Bird, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 473.
Indigo Bird, Fringilla cyanea, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 377; v. v. p. 503.
171. 3. Spiza amœna, Say. Lazuli Painted-Bunting. – Lazuli Finch
Plate CCCXCVIII. Fig. 1. Male. Plate CCCCXXIV. Fig. 1. Female.
Male with the head, neck, and upper parts, light greenish-blue, the fore part of the back duller; loral space black; wings and tail dusky, the feathers margined with blue; two white bands on the wing; on the fore part of the breast a broad band of yellowish-red, the rest of the lower parts white. Female with the upper parts light yellowish-brown, the rump greenish-blue; fore parts pale yellowish-red, fading behind into white.
Male, 51/2; wing, 31/12.
From the Arkansas to the Columbia River. Never seen near the Atlantic coast. Plentiful. Migratory.
Emberiza amœna, Say, Long's Exped.
Lazuli Finch, Fringilla amœna, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 61.
Fringilla amœna, Bonap. Syn. p. 106.
Lazuli Finch, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 478.
Lazuli Finch, Fringilla amœna, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 64, and p. 230.
GENUS V. AMMODRAMUS, Swains. SHORE-FINCH
Bill rather long, being little shorter than the head, rather slender, straight, considerably compressed, acute; upper mandible with the dorsal line considerably convex, the ridge narrow, the sides convex, the edges inflected, with a slight festoon about the middle, and a faint notch, close to the tip, which is deflected and acute; lower mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line ascending and straight, the ridge rounded, the sides convex, the edges involute, the tip acute. Nostrils small, elliptical, basal, partially concealed by the plumage. Head ovate; neck short; body slender. Tarsus rather short, stoutish, compressed, with seven scutella; toes rather long, hind toe large, outer shorter than inner, and adherent at the base. Claws long, slender, little arched, much compressed, laterally grooved, tapering to a fine point. Plumage soft and blended, with the filaments stiffish and disunited. No bristles. Wings short, convex, rounded, the second, third, and fourth quills longest, the first considerably shorter. Tail of moderate length, graduated, slender, of twelve narrow, acuminate feathers. No difference in the colours of the sexes.
172. 1. Ammodramus maritimus, Wils. Grey Shore-Finch. – Sea-side Finch
Plate XCIII. Male and Female.
Third and fourth quills longest, first and eighth equal; tail graduated; upper parts brownish-grey, tinged with olivaceous, two faint longitudinal bands of darker on the head; the feathers on the fore part of the back brown in the centre; margin of the wing at the flexure light yellow, smaller wing-coverts and outer webs of secondary coverts dull reddish-brown; quills and tail-feathers dusky brown, edged with pale brownish-grey; a yellow band from the base of the upper mandible over the eye, fainter behind; throat greyish-white, with a longitudinal bluish-grey band on each side; lower part of neck, fore part of breast, and sides, light bluish-grey, streaked with light olivaceous-brown; middle of breast pale grey, abdomen white, lower tail-coverts pale yellowish-brown, with a central dusky streak.
Male, 8, 11.
From Texas to Massachusetts along the shores of the Atlantic. Resident in the Southern States. Abundant.
Sea-side Finch, Fringilla maritima, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iv. p. 68.
Fringilla maritima, Bonap. Syn. p. 110.
Sea-side Finch, Fringilla maritima, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 505.
Sea-side Finch, Fringilla maritima, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 471.
