Als 'Philosophie des Lebens' galt in den letzten Jahrhunderten Verschiedenes. Neben eine Auffassung als 'Lebenskunst' seit dem ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert trat der Anspruch eines antispekulativen Philosophierens 'aus dem Leben' (F. Schlegel, Novalis). Mit Dilthey, Simmel, Bergson wurde die 'Lebensphilosophie' Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zur akademischen Strömung, deren Denkmotive bis in die Gegenwart vielfältig fortwirken.

Auffällig ist die Vermittlungslosigkeit zwischen diesen Richtungen und dem heutigen Nachdenken über Leben und Tod unter dem Aspekt der sog. life sciences bzw. der 'Bioethik'.

Das Buch bietet eine Strukturgeschichte der 'Philosophien des Lebens', die erstmals auch deren naturwissenschaftliche und naturphilosophische Ausläufer mit einbezieht. Zudem werden Probleme aktueller 'Biopolitik' berücksichtigt. Den Leitfaden bildet eine Typologie von vier Problemstellungen, anhand derer sich über Leben und Tod philosophieren läßt. Sie soll Laien wie Fachwissenschaftlern zur ersten Orientierung dienen.

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