Pensemos en algo frágil, algún objeto de nuestra sala de estar, como el televisor o la porcelana del aparador. Si los etiquetamos como «frágiles» significa, necesariamente, que queremos que gocen tranquilidad, orden y previsibilidad. A un objeto frágil no le sentará nada bien un terremoto ni la visita de un sobrino hiperactivo. Todo lo que aborrece la volatilidad aborrece los agentes estresantes (estresores), el daño, el caos, los sucesos, el desorden, las consecuencias imprevistas, la incertidumbre y, por encima de todo, el tiempo.

En el lado opuesto a lo frágil hay cosas que se benefician de las crisis; prosperan y crecen al verse expuestas a la volatilidad, al azar, al desorden y a los estresores, y les encanta la aventura, el riesgo y la incertidumbre.

Pero, a pesar de la omnipresencia de este fenómeno, no existe una palabra que designe exactamente lo contrario de lo frágil. Aquí lo llamaremos antifrágil. Pensemos, por ejemplo, en Suiza, el lugar más antifrágil del planeta, ya que se beneficia de las crisis que se dan en el resto del mundo.

La antifragilidad es más que resiliencia o robustez. Lo robusto aguanta los choques y sigue igual; lo antifrágil mejora. Esta propiedad se halla detrás de todo lo que ha cambiado con el tiempo: las revoluciones, la innovación tecnológica, el éxito cultural, la supervivencia empresarial, las buenas recetas de cocina, el ascenso de ciudades, las bacterias resistentes… incluso nuestra existencia como especie.

La antifragilidad es relativa a una situación dada. Un boxeador puede ser robusto, sano en lo que se refiere a su condición física, y puede mejorar de un combate al siguiente, pero podría ser emocionalmente frágil y romper a llorar si su novia lo dejara. Nuestras abuelas podrían tener o haber tenido unas cualidades opuestas: una complexión frágil y una fuerte personalidad.

El objetivo último de este libro es descubrir aquellas reglas que nos permitan pasar de lo frágil a lo antifrágil reduciendo la fragilidad o controlando la antifragilidad.

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«Resumen del libro "Antifrágil" de Nassim Nicholas Taleb», Leader Summaries benzeri kitaplar