De un lado, un puñado de ricos y poderosos que siempre gana y se ríe del resto; del otro, una mayoría del 99% que sufre distintos grados de privación. ¿Cuánto ilumina y cuánto confunde esta definición aritmética de la desigualdad? ¿Cuánto ayuda a la hora de trazar diagnósticos e implementar políticas?

¿Bastaría con quitar sus privilegios a ese 1% y estaríamos en una sociedad equitativa? Documentar las ventajas de una minoría es un paso insoslayable para entender el problema. Pero la denuncia moral y la vehemencia retórica contra el 1% chocan una y otra vez con la impotencia práctica y, lo más importante, terminan echando un manto de silencio sobre los mecanismos sociales que permiten acumular riqueza y acceder a las posiciones más codiciadas, y que están naturalizados en vastos sectores medios y medios altos. Luego de años de investigar estos temas en la Argentina y América Latina,

Mariana Heredia propone entender y discutir las desigualdades contemporáneas desmontando las etiquetas que impiden pensarlas. Así, muestra que los «ricos» de hoy poco tienen que ver con las familias tradicionales, la oligarquía o la burguesía nacional, y que constituyen un grupo heterogéneo no siempre blindado ante la inestabilidad. Atenta a los resortes que permiten reproducir el capital, acceder al bienestar y ejercer poder,

analiza cómo las reformas desregulatorias de los años setenta y noventa achicaron los márgenes del Estado nacional como gran integrador social y mercantilizaron bienes que eran públicos, como la salud, la educación, la seguridad. Y nos invita a poner en cuestión ciertos lugares comunes del debate: ¿qué expectativas depositar en la puja distributiva entre empleadores y trabajadores? ¿Y en las políticas de ingresos? ¿Puede la búsqueda de equidad descansar en la movilización constante y la capacidad de bloqueo de los sectores populares más golpeados? ¿Se trata de aumentar gravámenes o de afinar los dispositivos para evitar la evasión?

¿Cuál es el poder relativo de la autoridad presidencial para delinear intervenciones públicas que minimicen las injusticias? La obsesión por los ricos, sea en clave de fascinación o de repudio, activa sensibilidades pero no sirve para entender las causas profundas de la desigualdad. Este libro es un aporte enormemente revelador para conocer los poderes y las impotencias de las élites políticas, económicas y sociales, y para imaginar cómo salir del callejón sin salida en el que estamos y avanzar hacia una sociedad más integrada.

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«¿El 99% contra el 1%?», Mariana Heredia benzeri kitaplar