Kitabı oku: «Christian Christian Names: Baby Names inspired by the Bible and the Saints»

Key to pronunciation

a as in ham

ah as in father

ai as in air

aw as in saw

ay as in bay

b as in big

ch as in chin

d as in dog

e as in bet

ee as in see

eer as in beer

er as in her

ew as in too

ewr as in pure

f as in fish

g as in go

h as in hot

i as in it

j as in jam

k as in keep

ks as in mix

l as in leg

m as in man

n as in no

ng as in long, finger

o as in top

oh as in go

oo as in too

oor as in poor

ow as in cow

oy as in boy

p as in pad

r as in red

s as in sit

sh as in ship

t as in too

th as in thin

th as in then

u as in cup

uh as in driver, China

uu as in bull

v as in vase

w as in win

y as in cry, yes

yoo as in you

yr as in tyre

z as in zoo

zh as in vision

Stress is shown in capital letters: sister: SIS-tuh

Introduction

Christian Christian names are back in fashion. In 2008, over half the top 100 most popular boys’ and girls’ names in the UK had a religious background. Names like Noah, Isaac and Jacob have been steadily returning to popularity over a number of years.

Religious names also stand the test of time. Research compiled for this book shows that in the last 100 years, in both the UK and the US, names with a religious background were 50 per cent more likely than other names to have remained in the top 100 charts.

Even in an increasingly secular culture, the popularity of religious names isn’t surprising. Parents of all beliefs are looking for names with a genuine meaning and story behind them, and they are finding that names with a Christian background fit the bill perfectly.

Christian christian names come from two main sources: the Bible and the saints through church history. This compilation gives the background to these names. It lists some well-known names from the Bible: David, Noah, Ruth and Sarah alongside the less familiar Chloe and Susannah. The names of saints such as Anthony, Bernadette, George and Martin and many others are also included, as are Christian virtues such as Joy and Faith.

Names appear in alphabetical order under their most common spelling, with their gender (m or f) in brackets. The following line explains the typical pronunciation (for a guide see page) and the derivation of the name (if known). The main body of the text details the stories of the most famous person or people to have borne that name, and is followed by any common variants or opposite gender form of the name.

This book contains over 2,000 names with a Christian background, but we hope it isn’t just used as a reference – but rather as a source of ideas and inspiration. For some parents, choosing baby names can be remarkably easy; for others (especially teachers, for whom every name is a reminder of a wayward child) it can be a huge challenge. Whatever your situation, we hope that Christian Christian Names will help you on your way.

Christian Christian Names

Aaron (m)

[AIR-uhn, A-ruhn] from Hebrew or Egyptian, possibly meaning ‘bright’ or ‘mountaineer’.

Aaron, Moses’ elder brother and Israel’s first high priest, whose main role was to assist Moses. He served as spokesman for Moses, because Moses was ‘slow of speech’. Aaron held up Moses’ hands in battle (Exodus 17:12). He was involved in several controversies, especially in making and worshipping the golden calf (Exodus 32), and in publicly criticising Moses (Numbers 12). Later, God confirmed his leading role through the rod that budded (‘Aaron’s rod’) (Numbers 17).

Abel (m)

[AY-bull] from Hebrew, meaning ‘breath’.

Abel, Adam and Eve’s second son, who worked as a shepherd. He offered a sacrifice that was acceptable to God, through faith (Genesis 4:1–16; Hebrews 11:4), but was murdered by his brother Cain. When God asked where Abel was, Cain replied, ‘Am I my brother’s keeper?’ God judged Cain by making him ‘a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth’.

Variant: Abe.

Abigail (f)

[AB-i-gayl] from Hebrew, meaning ‘father’s joy’.

A woman of beauty, wisdom and faith who saved her first husband Nabal, a rich shepherd, but one who was surly and mean. When David sent his men to Nabal, seeking supplies of food, Nabal insulted them. When David’s men returned to David, he prepared to destroy him. Abigail lost no time in humbly coming to David with a kind offer of food. Her gracious wise diplomacy persuaded David not to attack. She married David after Nabal died (1 Samuel 25).

The name and occupation came into more general use from the ‘waiting gentlewoman’ in the play The Scornful Lady by Sir Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, first performed in 1610. Swift, Fielding and other novelists of the period used the name further and it became popularised by the notoriety of Abigail Hill, lady-in-waiting to Queen Anne, 1704–14, who used her friendship with the queen to try to secure personal favours.

Variants: Abbey, Abbie, Abby, Gail, Gale.

Abner (m)

[AB-nuh] from Hebrew, meaning ‘father is light’.

Saul’s cousin and commander-in-chief in Saul’s army. After Saul died, Abner temporarily upheld the authority of the king’s family. He was murdered by David’s commander Joab who was suspicious when Abner tried to join David (2 Samuel 3:22–38). After Abner’s death, David mourned him, saying, ‘A prince and a great man has fallen in Israel this day.’

Abraham (m)

[AY-bruh-ham] from Hebrew, meaning ‘father of many’.

The chief recipient of God’s promises in the Old Testament and regarded by Jews as the father of their people. Abraham lived in the early centuries of the second millennium BC. His original name was Abram (‘the father is exalted’). The story of Abraham in Genesis is organised around the theme of how God began to fulfil some of the promises he had made to him. When God called Abraham at Ur in Southern Iraq and at Haran, he promised him a land, many descendants, a great name, and said he would become a blessing to many peoples (Genesis 12:2–3). Abraham’s continuing childlessness, however, was a serious threat to all these promises, and during the period of waiting, he attempted to find his own ways of producing an heir (Genesis 15:1–4; 16:1–4, 15–16), though he also grew in faith as God confirmed his intentions in a covenant (Genesis 15:1–6; 17:1–27). Isaac was eventually born when Abraham was 100 years old, but God continued to test Abraham, commanding him to offer his son as a sacrifice.

Abraham’s obedience to God and his confidence that ‘The Lord Will Provide’ (Genesis 22:14) make him the supreme example of faith in the New Testament. Abraham’s final actions in buying a family burial ground and obtaining a wife for Isaac point to a future fulfilment of the promises of land and descendants.

Variant: Abe.

Absalom (m)

[AB-suh-luhm] from Hebrew, meaning ‘father of peace’.

David’s third son, who overthrew his father and was king for a brief time while David fled across the Jordan. David regained the throne as a result of Absalom receiving bad advice, but despite all this, David was grief-stricken at Absalom’s tragic death in an accident (2 Samuel 15:1–18:33): ‘O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! Would I had died instead of you, O Absalom, my son, my son!’

Adam (m)

[AD-uhm] from Hebrew, closely related to the word for ‘man’.

The name of the first man as well as the Hebrew word for ‘human race’. He was in the Garden of Eden and given Eve as a helper. They disobeyed God and so brought sin into the world. In the New Testament, Adam usually represents the human race in its sinful rebellion against God (Romans 5:12–21), though he is also the first man and ‘the son of God’ (Luke 3:38). Jesus Christ is described as ‘the last Adam’ (1 Corinthians 15:45).

Variant: Edom.

Adelaide (f)

[a-duh-LAYD] from an Old German name meaning ‘nobility’.

French empress of Germany (931–999). The daughter of Rudolf II of Burgundy, Adelaide became the wife of Prince Lothair of Italy and, after his death, married Otto the Great of Germany in 951. Otto was crowned emperor by Pope John XII shortly afterwards, with Adelaide as his empress. Otto’s family, led by his daughter Theophano, resented Adelaide’s influence and, after Otto’s death, spent the next 20 years working to alienate Otto’s son the emperor Otto II from his mother, finding fault for instance with her unstinting generosity to the poor. Adelaide was obliged to live for a time in retirement from the court but was reconciled with her son Otto before his death, after which she had again to go into retreat.

After Theophano’s death in 991 Adelaide finally returned as regent and used her authority to revitalise the religious establishment, founding and restoring monasteries and promoting the evangelisation of the Slavs. She died at a convent she had founded at Seltz in Alsace.

Variant: Ada.

Adlai (m)

[AD-lay] from Hebrew, meaning ‘my adornment’.

The father of Shaphat, who was responsible for David’s cattle in the valleys (1 Chronicles 27:29).

Adrian (m)

[AY-dree-uhn] from Latin Hadrianus, meaning ‘of Adria’ (the town in Italy that gave its name to the Adriatic Sea).

Adrian (died c.304), martyr of Nicomedia. According to legend, Adrian was a Roman officer stationed at Nicomedia who was so moved by the courage of the Christians he persecuted that he declared himself to be a Christian also. He was thrown into prison, where he was visited by his Christian wife Natalia. Further visits were barred after Adrian was sentenced to death, but Natalia continued to see him by disguising herself as a boy and bribing the gaoler. She attended her husband’s execution and retrieved his remains.

Also the name of the African-born English abbot Adrian of Canterbury (died 710). While serving as abbot of the monastery at Nerida in Italy he was twice offered the post of Archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Vitalian, but turned down the offer both times. On the second occasion, however, he agreed to accompany the eventual choice, the Greek monk Theodore, to England and once there accepted the post of abbot of the monastery school of St Peter and St Paul (later renamed St Augustine’s) in Canterbury. Over the following 40 years he went on to consolidate his reputation as a scholar and administrator and to bolster the standing of Canterbury as a centre of religious learning.

Variant: Hadrian.

Feminine forms: Adriana, Adrienne.

Adriana, Adrienne feminine forms of Adrian.

Agatha (f)

[A-guh-thuh] from Greek, meaning ‘good’.

Sicilian martyr (third century). Tradition has it that Agatha was of noble birth but as a young woman incurred the wrath of a consul called Quintian after she refused his advances, having dedicated her virginity to Christ. Charging her with being a Christian, Quintian handed her over to a brothel-keeper but, when she emerged uncorrupted, had her savagely tortured instead. During the torture, St Peter appeared in a vision to heal her wounds. Her death in prison as she was rolled over hot coals was preceded by an earthquake.

Agnes (f)

[AG-ness] from Greek, meaning ‘pure’.

Agnes, Roman martyr (died c.304). Despite her fame, little definite is known about the life of St Agnes beyond the fact that while still a child she died the death of a virgin martyr in Rome and was buried in the cemetery on the Via Nomentana, where a church dedicated to her memory was later erected. Various embellishments have been added to the bare facts of her life story suggesting the reasons for her arrest and execution. According to one of these she was a beautiful young girl of around 12 years old who offered her life voluntarily in exchange for those of other victims of persecution. Another suggests she was put to death as a Christian in revenge after refusing all suitors on the grounds that she had dedicated her virginity to Christ. She became a lasting symbol of chastity and innocence and is honoured today as the patron saint of betrothed couples, virgins and gardeners.

Also the name of the Italian nun, Agnes of Montepulciano (c.1268–1317). Born into a wealthy family in Tuscany, Agnes was brought up by the nuns of Montepulciano and in due course became bursar and superioress of a new convent at Proceno. Widely known both for her humble lifestyle (she slept on the ground with a rock for a pillow) and for her visions, she was persuaded back to Montepulciano and there established a new convent in a former brothel, subsequently attaching it to the Dominican order and being appointed prioress in 1306. She became well known for her prophecies and as a worker of miraculous cures.

Aidan (m)

[AY-duhn] from Irish Gaelic, meaning ‘small fire’.

Irish missionary (died 651). Aidan served as a monk in the monastery on Iona before being sent to Northumbria as a missionary around the year 635. Raised to the rank of bishop, he chose the island of Lindisfarne as his base and there founded a monastery that became in due course one of the most influential religious centres in Britain. From Lindisfarne he conducted numerous evangelising journeys through the mainland, establishing many churches and monasteries with the support of St Oswald, king of Northumbria, and his successor Oswin.

A gentle and discreet man, according to the Venerable Bede, Aidan won many converts through his generosity towards the needy and through his opposition to slavery.

Variant form: Aiden.

Alan (m)

[A-luhn] from a Celtic name meaning ‘harmony’.

Breton saint (‘Blessed Alan de la Roche’) who belonged to the Dominican order, and was well known for his accomplished sermons. His special task was to advance devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary and the practice of the rosary.

Variant forms: Allan, Allen.

Alban (m)

[ALL-buhn] ultimately from Latin albus, meaning ‘white’.

Third-century English martyr. Alban was a prominent citizen of the Roman city of Verulamium (modern St Albans) who was beheaded for his faith around the middle of the third century, during the reign of Diocletian.

According to the Venerable Bede, Alban converted to Christianity after offering shelter to a priest hiding from Roman soldiers, impressed by the man’s piety and devotion. When the soldiers eventually called at his house to arrest the priest, Alban donned the fugitive’s gown and was arrested in his stead, allowing the real priest to escape. When the imposture was discovered, the authorities insisted that Alban should make a sacrifice to the gods and, when he refused, sentenced him to be tortured and put to death. A substantial church (later abbey) was subsequently erected on the site where Alban died, thus becoming the first martyr of the British Isles. He is honoured as the patron saint of converts and victims of torture.

Albert (m)

[AL-buht] from the Old German name Adalbert, from athal ‘noble’ and berhta ‘bright’.

German theologian and bishop, Albert the Great (1206–80). Born into a wealthy family in Swabia, Germany, Albert the Great (or Albertus Magnus) began his career in the church at the age of 16, when he became a Dominican friar. He spent the next 20 years teaching in Paris and at various German Dominican universities, earning a wide reputation as a scholar, his pupils including St Thomas Aquinas.

Today he is recognised as a founder of medieval scholastic philosophy, although he also wrote on a variety of other subjects, including mathematics, physics, astronomy, geography, mineralogy, chemistry, biology, botany, politics, economics and alchemy. His conclusions included the revolutionary notion that the world was spherical rather than flat. He held a number of ecclesiastical posts between 1254 and 1262, among them theologian to the pope and bishop of Regensburg, but felt he was not suited to administrative roles and eventually gave up his see. He passed his final years teaching in Cologne, although he also returned to Paris (1277) in order to conduct a defence of the work of his recently deceased student Thomas Aquinas. He is honoured as the patron saint of students of natural science.

Variants: Al, Bert, Bertie.

Feminine form: Alberta.

Alberta feminine form of Albert.

Aldo (m)

[AL-doh] from an Old German name, from ald, meaning ‘old’.

An eighth-century saint and native of Siena, Italy, who after her husband’s death gave away all her possessions and dedicated her life to helping the poor and sick. During her life, she saw ecstatic visions.

Variant: Aldous.

Alexander (m)

[a-LEX-ahn-duh] from Greek, meaning ‘defender of men’.

Bishop of Alexandria (died 326). As bishop of Alexandria from 312, Alexander faced opposition from Meletius of Lycopolis, who disagreed with his lenient attitude towards lapsed Catholics. Further problems arose through the activities of a priest named Kolluth who had assumed the power to ordain deacons and priests and, even more seriously, from another priest called Arius, whose ideas about Christ’s divinity and sinless nature diverged from those of the orthodox church and in due course evolved into full heretical form under the title Arianism.

Alexander’s initial approach to Arius was gentle persuasion, but when this did not work, he summoned a synod of Egyptian bishops to condemn and excommunicate him. Arius whipped up support throughout the East and it was not until 325, when Emperor Constantine sided with Alexander at the council of Nicea, that the Arian heresy was officially condemned. Alexander died soon afterwards, naming Athanasius as his successor.

Variants: Al, Alasdair, Alastair, Alec, Alex, Alexis, Alistair, Lex, Sacha, Sachy, Sandy, Xan, Xander, Zander.

Feminine forms: Alexandra, Alexia, Sandra.

Alexandra, Alexia, Alexa, feminine forms of Alexander.

Alexis (m, f)

[uh-LEK-sis] from Greek, meaning ‘defender’.

Beggar of Mesopotamia (fifth century). The life of Saint Alexis is largely a matter of legend. Tradition has it that he was the son of a wealthy Roman nobleman who abandoned his bride on their wedding day to go on pilgrimage and ultimately chose a life of poverty in Syria. He willingly shared everything he received with other needy people. A further legend claims that he spent the last years of his life living incognito as a servant in his father’s household in Rome.

Sometimes considered as a variant or feminine form of Alexander.

Aleydis (f)

[uh-LAY-dis] from Germanic, meaning ‘noble cheer’.

Thirteenth-century Cistercian saint. Born at Shaerbeck, near Belgium, Brussels, she entered the Cistercian convent there at the tender age of seven, staying for the remainder of her life. She was noted for her humility and kindness. At a young age, however, she contracted leprosy and so had to be treated in isolation, with the illness eventually paralysing and blinding her. She received much divine help and assurance including ecstatic visions.

Variants: Alice, Alicia, Alison, Allison.

Aloysius (m)

[al-uh-WISH-uhs] Latinised form of Aloys.

Italian Jesuit student (1568–91). Born Aloysius Luigi Gonzaga into a noble family of Lombardy, he attended military school before experiencing life at the court of the duke of Mantua. He felt such disgust at the immorality of the court that he refused to accept his inheritance and chose instead a life of prayer and self-denial. He defied the wishes of his family and in 1585 joined the Jesuits, who succeeded in persuading him to give up the more excessive practices of mortification that he favoured. Though he himself never enjoyed the best of health because of a kidney complaint, he dedicated himself to tending victims of the plague in Rome and in due course died of the disease himself, aged just 23.

Alphonsine feminine form of Alphonsus.

Alphonsus (m)

[al-FON-suhs] from the Spanish name Alfonso, from the Old German athal ‘noble’ and funsa ‘ready’.

Alphonsus de Orozco (1500–91), Spanish mystic and spiritual writer. Born in Oropesa, Avila, in Spain, he spent much of his early life in solitude, responding from a command received in a vision of the Virgin Mary to write extensively about prayer and the Christian way of living. His works include his Confessions, in which he recounts his own spiritual journey. He became an Augustinian friar at Salamanca in 1522 and dedicated much of his time to prayer. He spent many years of his life preaching to the Spanish nobility in Madrid and hearing their confessions, exercising a strong influence on many prominent figures in public life.

The Italian bishop, theologian and mystic Alphonsus Liguori (1696–1787). Born in Marianella, near Naples, Alphonsus Marie Liguori pursued a highly successful career as a lawyer in Naples before losing a high-profile court case in 1723 and giving up the profession in humiliation. As the result of a vision he defied the wishes of his family and joined the Fathers of the Oratory, being ordained in 1717 and earning a wide reputation as a preacher. In 1732 he founded his own order, called the Congregation of the Most Holy Saviour, popularly known as the Redemptorist Congregation. Appointed Bishop of Sant’ Agata dei Goti at the age of 66, he was always a controversial figure within the church establishment and some time before his death was even excluded from the Redemptorist community he had founded. He wrote numerous books and pamphlets, of which the most influential included Moral Theology and Victories of the Martyrs.

Also the name of the Spanish Jesuit lay brother Alphonsus Rodriguez (1533–1617). Born in Segovia in Spain, Alphonsus Rodriguez had a troubled childhood, having to help his mother run the family wool business after the death of his father when he was 14. He married at the age of 23 but his wife died three years later, shortly followed by his mother and his two children. When his business failed, he attempted to join the Jesuits at Valencia but was refused because of his lack of education. Despite his relatively advanced age, he took up Latin studies and in 1571 was finally admitted by the Jesuits as a lay brother. He spent the next 45 years serving as doorkeeper at the Montesione College on Majorca, earning a wide reputation as a spiritual adviser. Those who profited from his guidance included St Peter Claver, who was inspired by the advice of Alphonsus to take up missionary work.

Variants: Al, Alfonso, Alphonse, Alphonsus.

Feminine form: Alphonsine.

Alva (m)

[AL-vah] probably from Hebrew, meaning ‘exalted’.

Mentioned, in the form Alvah, in the Old Testament as a descendant of Esan and clan leader of the Edomites (Genesis 36:40; 1 Chronicles 1:51).

Amanda (f)

[uh-MAN-duh] feminine form of Amandus, meaning ‘worthy of love’.

Seventh-century French saint. Born into a noble family, he became a monk at the abbey of St Martin near Tours. King Clotaire II requested him to undertake missionary work in Flanders and Holland. Under his later ministry, many people were converted.

Variant: Mandy.

Ambrose (m)

[AM-broze] from Greek, meaning ‘immortal’.

German-born bishop (c.339–397). Born in Trier in Germany, Ambrose was the son of the prefect of Gaul and studied law, literature, philosophy and Greek in Rome. His appointment as Bishop of Milan in 374 came as a considerable surprise as Ambrose had not even been baptised, having been sent to Milan simply to maintain peace between rival Catholics and supporters of the Arian heresy. As bishop, however, he gave away his possessions and dedicated himself to the study of Christianity. He soon earned a reputation as a powerful preacher and scholar and also emerged as the leading opponent of Arianism in the West, driving its adherents out of Milan. His writings advanced the cause of Christianity in Western Europe. Notable figures who were deeply influenced by his example included St Augustine who met him in Milan in 386 and was inspired by him to convert to Christianity. He is honoured today as the patron saint of learning and of beekeepers and candlemakers.

Variant: Emrys.

Amity (f)

[AM-i-tee] from English amity, meaning ‘friendship’.

The name stands for the qualities of friendship, kindness and fondness.

Amos (m)

[AY-MOSS] from Hebrew, meaning ‘burden-bearer’.

Prophet active about 760 BC. Like his contemporary Hosea, he was unpopular for criticising the kingdom of Israel, predicting its downfall unless the people repented. His warnings were fulfilled when Israel fell to the Assyrians in 722 BC.

Amy (f)

[AY-mee] from Old French amée, ‘beloved’.

The name has been in use in the English-speaking world for several centuries. Originally it was known in its Latin form Amatus, after the thirteenth-century St Amatus, a Dominican nun of Bologna, Italy.

Variant: Aimee.

Ananaias (m)

[an-uh-NY-uhs] from Hebrew, meaning ‘the Lord is gracious’.

The name of three individuals in the New Testament. First, the husband of Sapphira who died suddenly because they lied to the church and God (Acts 5:1–11). Also a believer in Damascus who healed Paul’s blindness and told him of God’s plan to be a missionary (Acts 9:10–19). Third, a high priest before whom Paul was tried (Acts 23:2).

Anastasia (f)

[an-uh-STAY-zhuh] from Greek, meaning ‘resurrection’.

Martyr of Sirmium. Little is known of her life beyond the tradition that she was tortured and burnt alive for her faith in Sirmium (Srem Mitrovica in modern Serbia) in 304. Legend adds that earlier in her life she was twice rescued from death by the reformed prostitute St Theodota, who on one occasion piloted Anastasia’s ship to safety after she was abandoned at sea.

Variants: Stacey, Stacy.

Andrea, Andreana, Andrée feminine forms of Andrew.

Andrew (m)

[AN-drew] from Greek, meaning ‘manly, brave’.

One of the twelve apostles and the brother of Simon Peter. A fisherman like his brother, he had an important role in introducing people to Jesus (John 1:35–42). With his brother Simon (Peter), he responded to Christ’s summons to become ‘fishers of people’. Andrew became one of the leaders of the disciples and played a role at the miracle of the feeding of the five thousand and later in Jerusalem.

Also the name of several saints, including: Andrew of Crete (c.660–740), monk and Bishop of Jerusalem. Widely respected as a preacher and sacred poet, his poetic output included numerous hymns, some of which are still in use in the Byzantine church today.

Andrew Bobola (1591–1657), Polish Jesuit martyr. Born into an aristocratic Polish family, he joined the Jesuit order at Vilna in 1609 and in due course became head of the house at Bobruysk. He distinguished himself by his service to plague victims and dedicated himself to missionary work.

Andrew Corsini (1301–73), Italian bishop. Born in Florence, he had an unruly youth before reforming and becoming a Carmelite friar in Florence in 1318. He soon earned a reputation as a preacher and healer and in 1360 was chosen as the new bishop of Fiesole. He was much loved for his humility and his generosity towards the poor and lived in conditions of considerable austerity himself. As well as being patron saint of Russia and Scotland, which commemorates Andrew’s crucifixion in the X-shaped saltire of the national flag, he is also honoured as patron saint of Greece, of fishermen and of old maids.

Variants: André, Andreas, Andy, Drew.

Feminine forms: Andrea, Andreana, Andrée.

Angela (f)

[AN-juh-luh] from Greek, meaning ‘angel’ or ‘messenger’.

The name of two saints: Angela of Foligno (c.1248–1309), Italian visionary. Born at Foligno in Italy, Angela married a wealthy husband and as a young adult indulged in a life of luxury and sensuality. In 1285, however, she suddenly repented of her sinful ways and dedicated herself to penance and prayer. After the death of her husband, mother and sons from plague she joined the Franciscan Third Order in 1291. She demonstrated a special sympathy for the poor and the sick and became well known for her visions.