Kitabı oku: «Sunshine on Putty: The Golden Age of British Comedy from Vic Reeves to The Office»
Sunshine on Putty
The Golden Age of British Comedy, from Vic Reeves to The Big Night Out to The Office
Ben Thompson
‘Be content to laugh and try not to know why’
Dugas, La Psychologie de rire, 1902
Table of Contents
Cover Page
Title Page
Epigraph
Introduction
Chronological Timeline
Part One
1 On the Launchpad
2 ‘Don’t Mention the War’
3 Morris, Iannucci, Coogan, Lee, Herring and Marber
4 The Great Mythological Armour Shortage of 1993-4
5 Constructing the Citadel
6 The Illusion (or Otherwise) of Spontaneity
7 It’s Frank’s (and Chubby’s and Jo’s and Jenny’s) World
8 ‘Sensation’
9 A Class of His Own
10 Cry Harry for England
11 That Would Be an Ecumenical Matter’
12 The Chat Nexus
Part Two
13 David Baddiel Syndrome
14 Vic Reeves Welcomes Us into His Beautiful Home
15 A Grove of His Own
16 The Royle We
17 ‘A Little Bit of Politics’
18 Morals
19 Equal Opportunities, the Ones that Never Knock
20 Families at War
21 The League of Gentlemen
22 Ceramics Revue
23 Script for a Jester’s Tear
24 The Office
25 ‘I Told You I Was Ill’
Conclusion
Afterword
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
Index
About the Author
Praise
By the same author
Copyright
About the Publisher
Introduction
‘Comedy has ceased to be a challenge to the mental processes. It has become a therapy of relaxation, a kind of tranquilising drug’
The great American humorist James Thurber wrote those words in 1961. More than four decades later, they sum up – with uncanny precision – the hollow feeling inspired by watching a self-satisfied university graduate entertaining a roomful of pissed-up twenty-somethings with bad jokes about Star Trek.
Complacency, escapism, the inability to take anything seriously…These were just a few of the obvious flaws in Britain’s cultural DNA which could be (and often were) laid at the door of an ever-burgeoning comedic community in the last years of the twentieth century. For this was a period during which (in the words of another visiting US wit, Rich Hall) ‘Everyone who didn’t want to lift stuff seemed to become a comedian’; a time when every aspect of the nation’s collective experience – politics, sport, art, literature, religion – seemed at some point to be becoming another branch of light entertainment.
Amid the suited-up hubbub of Jongleurs comedy club in Camden on a Friday night in the mid-1990s, the brutal, even bestial, simplicity of the venue’s motto – ‘Eat, laugh, dance, drink’ – perfectly encapsulated the careless hedonism of the epoch. And yet, if the experience of live stand-up could sometimes seem like a short cut to all that was most objectionable in British public life, on the higher – televisual – plane, comedy also provided a kind of lifeline: maintaining vital contact with some of the noblest and most beleaguered aspects of our cultural heritage in an era of encroaching blandness and conformity.
From Vic Reeves Big Night Out and The Day Today at one end of the period, to The Royle Family and The Office at the other, the best British TV comedy of 1990-2002 not only offered a home to ideas and ideals of community which could no longer find one elsewhere, it also gave us a clearer picture of what was happening to our nation than any other form of artistic endeavour.1 This double-headed vision of comedy – as both prophecy of what’s to come and memorial to what has been lost – might seem a little on the grandiose side, but it is not a view without historical precedent.
‘Successful comedy often anticipates future newsreel coverage’
In Iain Sinclair’s book Lights Out for the Territory, the film-maker Chris Petit reflects on the way an old Dick Emery sketch – in which an explosive device was hidden in a lunchbox on a bus – seemed to contain an eerie premonition of the IRA bombing campaign which began shortly afterwards.
Dancing a strange backwards jig around Petit’s assertion that ‘successful comedy often anticipates future newsreel coverage’, the newsreel footage in 2001’s neurotically self-justificatory Sex Pistols memoir The Filth and The Fury is intercut with clips of olde-English comedic legends such as Max Wall and Tommy Cooper. ‘If you want to know the root core of something, go to the root core,’ John Lydon told Mojo magazine’s Andrew Male in the spring of 2002. ‘Comedians…Shakespeare…that’s English culture.’
More than twenty years before, the man then known as Johnny Rotten had wanted Monty Python’s Graham Chapman to direct the original Sex Pistols film, The Great Rock ‘n’ Roll Swindle. But if Lydon is to be believed (which he isn’t always), the group’s manager Malcom McLaren was so disgusted by Chapman’s party trick involving the pub dog, a pint of cider and a certain intimate part of his anatomy, that he gave the job to Julien Temple instead.2
This was one strange cultural linkage which somehow escaped the all-seeing eye of Greil Marcus. Marcus’s landmark 1989 volume Lipstick Traces3 sought to clear away the soil from the roots of punk rock by making ingenious connections between obscure sixteenth-century Dutch heretics and members of the Sex Pistols who happened to have similar names. Within the shared cultures of appreciation which have grown up around pop music (or film, or literature, come to that), such extravagant intellectual conceits are, if not exactly ten-a-penny, certainly far from unheard of. Yet British comedy’s ever-increasing cultural prominence has so far proved resistant to such ambitious interpretations.
One of the main aims of the book you currently hold in your hands is to stop people wondering why no one has ever attempted something similar in the entertainment field which Jethro and Ken Dodd call home. But before we can begin to see if this lofty goal can be achieved, two important questions must be answered.
1. Was the Reeves/Office era really a golden age, and if so, how and why did it come about and what were its exact parameters?
In years to come, the old folk will gather at the seaside. As the coastal waters lap ever closer to the top of the Thames Barrier, the veined and the venerable may be seen pottering up and down the promenade, lost in heated debate about the glory days of their youth.
‘Ah yes,’ one of them will say, sucking meditatively on an olde-English Alcopop drink, ‘the early to mid-1990s: The Day Today, Alan Partridge, Shooting Stars, Paul Calf, The Fast Show, Father Ted…Never again would we have it so good: the attention to detail, the mordant wit: why did those great days ever have to end?’
A contemptuous expostulation from a nearby bench might upgrade this nostalgic monologue into a vicious row. ‘But what of the magical autumn of 2002 – with the third series of The League of Gentlemen, and the second of The Office, I’m Alan Partridge and Phoenix Nights…? Surely this was a vintage the like of which would never be equalled?’
Learned observers of this rose-tinted spectacle might quote Sigmund Freud to the effect that comedy itself is a form of nostalgia, as it attempts to ‘recapture the state of childhood in which we did not know the comic, were incapable of wit and did not need humour to make us happy’.4 Sceptics of a more populist bent will no doubt cite the number of people who used to watch The Morecambe and Wise Christmas Special as evidence of a narrowing of both the focus and the range of British comedy in the aftermath of the 1970s heyday of what dewy-eyed nostalgia fiends of an earlier generation like to call ‘One Nation TV’.
Both parties will have a point.
And yet the bald facts of the situation are these. First, that the period which authoritative historical evidence set out in the following pages will prove started with Vic Reeves5 Big Night Out was one wherein comedy and comedians had an unprecedented impact on this nation’s intellectual and emotional life. Secondly, that – without surrendering entirely to the mania for pointless list-making which is the symptom of a culture on the brink of nervous collapse – it would be fair to say that the best ten British TV comedy shows of this era (the other nine being The Day Today, Father Ted, The Fast Show, Shooting Stars, Brass Eye, I’m Alan Partridge, The Royle Family, The League of Gentlemen and The Office .. , with Spaced, Black Books, the funny bits in Smack the Pony, the first series of Big Train and the great lost Paramount Channel sketch series Unnatural Acts pressing hard on their heels, since you asked) not only stand comparison with, but actually overshadow the small-screen landmarks of any previous era.
Far from merely echoing such past glories as Fawlty Towers or That Was The Week That Was, the finest moments of late twentieth-and very early twenty-first-century UK comedy actually represent a worthy culmination of everything that had happened in the preceding fifty years. Not just in terms of evolving comic traditions – from Hancock to Steptoe to The Royle Family; or Spike Milligan to Monty Python to Eddie Izzard – but also with regard to the changing character of the broader culture from which those traditions have emerged.
In the more distant past, it has been possible for astute commentators to discern precise causes of particularly successful periods of comedic endeavour. For example, the golden age of Wilde and Whistler could be ascribed to the healthy state of a late-Victorian Fleet Street which, then still some way short of becoming – in the eloquent estimation of D. B. Wyndham Lewis6 – ‘the sedulous ape of New York tabloidery’, none the less ‘recognised the existence of a small, cultivated, leisured evening newspaper public and strove to meet its taste’. And the aura of celebrity which enveloped the notoriously sharp and combative wit of Alexander Pope in the early 1820s was the product (in the memorable estimation of Dilys Powell)7 not only of the cessation of press censorship but also of ‘a time when the exercise of critical reason was as much applauded as today the eye of a Bradman or the punch of a Louis’.8
Turning to our own mirthful epoch in search of similarly clearsighted explication, readers of Michael Bracewell’s generally estimable The Nineties: When Surface Was Depth will have had to be satisfied with a rather downbeat theory of causation. ‘The country was still watery-eyed and winded’, apparently (and therefore, presumably, in dire need of a good laugh), ‘from being punched below the intellect by the recession of the late eighties.’
Other, somewhat more specific, economic factors suggest themselves. Without diving too deeply at this early stage into the sewage-encrusted gravel pit of media politics, it would be fair to say that the rise of independent production companies in the mid to late 1980s – set in train by changes in the remit of the BBC and the advent of Channel 4 – was a vital precursor to the explosion of comedic creativity in the next decade. The break-up of the mass TV audience with the dawn of the digital era was another essential precondition.
Where comic performers of earlier times might have had to hold on to an eight-figure following to be considered a viable star of the small screen, it was now possible—by the magic of advertisers’ demographics and Friday-night channel-branding entertainment packages – to sustain a major TV career on the basis of an audience of two million.
The expansion of creative extremity and fearlessness thus facilitated would stand a new comedic epoch in good stead. But what were the conditions for membership of this new generation, and how – and against what – would it come to define itself?
The preceding, ‘alternative’ era had kicked off in headily coincidental and clear-cut style, as the opening of former insurance salesman Paul Rosengard’s Soho Comedy Store synchronized helpfully with Margaret Thatcher coming to power. (At the start of William Cook’s 1994 book Ha Bloody Ha: Comedians Talking, it is even suggested – somewhat controversially – that the former of these two historical events might have been of more lasting historical significance.)
The start of the generation currently under consideration is a slightly more staggered affair – less a clean break and more a jagged edge. Paul Whitehouse is part of it, but Harry Enfield isn’t.9 Ben Elton isn’t allowed within sniffing distance, but his erstwhile Friday Night Live colleague Jo Brand is (or was, until she started presenting lame late-night advert-clip TV shows). Patrick Marber, whose late-eighties stand-up persona gave no signal of the sophistication of his later work on The Day Today and Knowing Me Knowing You, With Alan Partridge (let alone his subsequent career as an internationally acclaimed playwright), is definitely included, yet Jennifer Saunders – for all the great leap forward into modernity represented by Absolutely Fabulous – for some reason isn’t.
Don’t ask me why. I don’t make the rules.
One thing which is as clear as Ricky Gervais’s conscience10 is that whatever is particular to the post-alternative epoch begins with Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer (readers keen to find out why it ends with The Office are advised to stock up on tinned goods and dry biscuits and sit it out till the conclusion). Throughout their fifteen-year light-entertainment odyssey, this unique pairing have demonstrated an all-the-more-uncanny-for-apparently-being-unconscious propensity for anticipating – in their failures as well as their successes – the future movements of the comedic barometer.
A source of huge delight to their admirers, this laughter-diviners’ gift has not gone unnoticed by their enemies either. In his 2000 short-story collection Barcelona Plates, erstwhile alternative overlord Alexei Sayle ‘created’ a comic double act called Nic and Pob. Nic and Pob are a pair of ‘apparently genial rubbish-talking Northerners’ who live (as Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer almost did, at the time Sayle was writing) in ‘back to back Kentish mansions’.
‘Their arrival on the comedy scene’, asserts that man who himself rose to public prominence at the turn of the previous decade with that fearsome piece of lyrical dialectic ‘Ullo John, Got A New Motor’, ‘had fortunately coincided with the rise of stupidity.’ Never mind poacher-turned-gamekeeper, this is pickpocket-turned-chief-of-police, and the apparent self-awareness of Sayle’s qualifying phrase (‘the public having tired of being shouted at by fat men about things that weren’t their fault as a form of entertainment’) does nothing to dispel the overpowering stench of sour grapes.
Neither does the fact that the ill-intentioned little story which follows is an abysmally sub-Vic-and-Bob farrago of half-assed voodoo ritual and blatant product placement. Still, the notoriously fragrance-conscious Reeves has not been averse to the stink of a spoiled vine in his time (at the height of his mid-nineties pomp, he once imagined himself in later life ‘sitting outside the BBC throwing pieces of coal at newcomers’), and they do say that in comedic circles outright frontal assault comes second only to imitation as the sincerest form of flattery.
Reeves and Mortimer have certainly not wanted for the latter tribute in recent years. Watching the Big Night Out on an ancient video now is like watching a blueprint for the next thirteen years of British TV in the form of a very strange dream. From The All-New Harry Hill Show to I’m A Celebrity Get Me Out Of Here!, from the unrepentantly Jackie Milburnesque enunciation of the Big Brother narrator Marcus Bentley to more or less every aspect of the onscreen demeanour of ITV’s new kings of prime-time Ant and Dec,11 it’s all in there. The miraculous thing is that at the same time as being eerily familiar, the show still manages to seem like a transmission from another planet, picked up randomly from the ether.
2. What in the name of Bob Monkhouse’s stolen jokebook does ‘Sunshine on Putty’ mean?
The title Sunshine on Putty originates exactly one hundred years before the first Channel 4 edition of Vic Reeves Big Night Out which marks our story’s official starting-point. The people we have to thank for it are English lesbian literary icons Katherine Bradley and her niece and lover Edith Cooper. This mercurial pairing wrote eleven plays and thirty volumes of poetry together under the coyly macho pen-name of Michael Field (on the grounds – understandable in a Victorian England whose perennially unamused matriarch could not bring herself to accept the existence of Sapphic love – that ‘we have things to say that people will not hear from a woman’s lips’).
Perhaps the best known of these hilariously florid and overblown works is an epic poem about their dog, rejoicing in the title Whym Chow: Flame of Love. The eponymous canine’s real-life role as ‘sex symbol, god made flesh and embodiment of the masculine principle’ was, their biographer Emma Donoghue later noted,12 ‘a heavy burden of meaning for one small dog to bear…Not surprisingly, it went to his head and he became a tyrant.’ On one occasion, when Whym Chow’s foul temper had prevented them from going to the beach, Bradley and Cooper excused him in verse with the classic couplet ‘Bacchic cub, Thou could’st not bear to face the sea’. But, in the immortal words of Ronnie Corbett, I digress.
In the summer of 1890, on meeting the celebrated Irish playwright and novelist George Moore, Bradley and Cooper noted in their diary that his smile was ‘like sunshine on putty’. It is hard to be sure exactly what they meant by this observation, though they probably did not intend it as a compliment. (Moore is one of those tragic whipping boys of destiny – like Sir Geoffrey Howe or Bobby Davro – who seem destined to be remembered chiefly as the butt of other people’s insults.)13
However, if the phrase ‘sunshine on putty’ is dramatically uprooted from its original context and applied with a reckless flourish to the recent history of British comedy, its ambivalence becomes entirely felicitous. On the one hand it evokes a pleasurable sensation – a feeling of warmth and light in a clammy and mutable world – on the other, a specific impact: a sense of helping along a process of coalescence that was already ongoing.
Consider for a moment the almost innumerable ways in which daily life in this country is different now from the way it was at the beginning of the last decade. Who would have predicted in 1990 that within little more than ten years it would be hard to remember what it was like to live under a Tory government (or at least one which called itself that)? Or that the thirsty need no longer dream of pubs that would be open all day, and the hungry could entertain the real possibility of a decent sandwich in almost every town and city in Britain (so long as they had the money to pay the premium for Pret à Manger pine nuts)? Or that Scotland and Wales would have their own parliaments and someone who wasn’t a neo-Nazi might fly the flag of St George on the front of their car? Or that on the days when Sara Cox managed to get out of bed for the breakfast show, you could listen to Radio 1 all day from 7 a.m. till 5.45 p.m. and Jo Whiley would be the only DJ you’d hear who didn’t come from Manchester or Leeds?14 Or that a terrestrial TV programme would exist which would keep a twenty-four-hour watch on a group of wannabe daytime travel-show presenters in the hope that a drunken maverick cockney dental nurse might embark upon an ill-advised sexual adventure?
It would be easy (not to mention quite fun) to go on like this all day, but when it comes to the trickier business of establishing the connection between these almost subliminal changes in the fabric of everyday life and the recent history of British comedy, only a famous French philosopher who sounds like he ought to play for Arsenal can help us.
What Henri Bergson has to say about all this
The French philosopher Henri Bergson’s 1900 intellectual landmark Le Rire – helpfully translated into English as Laughter in 1911 – is most celebrated for its contention that much of what is considered comic can be boìled down to moments where ‘the human reduces itself to the automatic’. In a less frequently quoted passage of the book, Henri makes the seemingly straightforward assertion that ‘to understand laughter we must put it back into its natural environment, which is society’.
‘Laughter appears to stand in need of an echo,’ Bergson notes. ‘It can travel within as wide a circle as you please; the circle remains, none the less, a closed one.’ To illustrate this notion, he uses the example of travellers sharing a joke in a railway carriage while another passenger sits across the aisle, forbidden by basic etiquette from joining in. ‘Had you been one of their company,’ Bergson chuckles, ‘you would have laughed like them.’
Obviously this was before mobile-phone radiation had fatally eroded our conception of personal space in public places, but when you consider the peculiarly modern spectacle of individuals on buses or trains performing virtual stand-up comedy routines into Nokia handsets for the benefit of faraway friends, while flesh and blood audiences of complete strangers sit around them in stony silence, it actually underlines the truth of Bergson’s observation rather than undermining it.
‘However spontaneous it seems,’ Bergson argues, ‘laughter always implies a kind of secret freemasonry.’ If you could mark the points at which this freemasonry either breaks down or is particularly strong, you would end up with a kind of dot-to-dot relief map of the national subconscious.
Based – as it is – on how much, in terms of ideas or emotions, a performer is able to share with their audience, comedy can teach us a great deal about who is swimming with society’s tide and who is swimming against it. Consider in this regard the following two incidents of live onstage trauma: the first reassuringly trivial, the second rather less so.
Rory Bremner got rid of his original Scottish accent in response to social pressure applied within the English public school system, but soon learned to pick up others in its place. A few years later, after this facility had turned into a career, the BBC’s determination to keep him in a light-entertainment strait-jacket pushed him to Channel 4, where he made a startlingly successful transformation (at least in his own mind) from boyish purveyor of sports commentators and weathermen to diamond-hard political satirist.
Away from the safety of the small screen, however, the construction of appropriate showcases for impressionistic virtuosity can still be a perilous business. In the first flush of his reinvention, amid the plaintive cry of the Essex gulls at the elegant Southend Cliffs Pavilion, Bremner’s inaptly confident ‘Does anybody here listen to Radio 4?’ is met with a fairly crushing silence. What price a dazzling impression of crusty, rugby-obsessed, radio sports eminence Cliff Morgan in the cold, hard world of the east-coast riviera?
The second incident involves Scott Capurro – a raffish, catty, minutely boss-eyed, gay comedian from San Francisco, who briefly set down his picnic blanket on the banks of the British comedy mainstream in the early to mid-nineties. The high point of his career was probably an appearance on Pebble Mill, where Alan Titchmarsh asked him the immortal question ‘So you’re a gay comedian, how do you go down in America?’
The fun in a Capurro live show comes from a consensual over-stepping of the mark. (‘Are you heterosexual?’ he taunts straight audience members. ‘Really? You were the last one I would have expected.’) The edge comes from our – and his – awareness of how easily consensus can turn to conflagration.
At an early live appearance at the Hackney Empire, a gang of rough-looking individuals in the front row begin to get restive about five minutes into Capurro’s set. One of them calls him a ‘faggot’. Capurro says: ‘I want to love you – help me.’ The situation simmers and then gets uglier. People at the back of the crowd start to shout at the people in the front, one of whom gets onstage, grabs the microphone and roars in fury and bewilderment, the scar down the side of his face pulsing eerily, ‘What is it, are you all faggots?’
The rest of the audience shouts ‘Leave! Leave! Leave!’ – at first tentatively, but then with increasing fervour as the Hackney Empire remembers its former status as the home of alternative cabaret. Eventually, the front row gets up and storms off en masse, Capurro’s taunts – ‘He wants me!’, etc – ringing rather half-heartedly in their ears. The violence in the air has hobbled the comedian’s instinctive bravado, but though visibly and understandably shaken, he still manages to have the last word: ‘Oh, I was wrong, it wasn’t the gay thing…It was the Vietnam thing.’
At Last, The Theodore Hook in 1812 Show
In the mid-1960s, when John Cleese and a group of his up-and-coming acquaintances (including the brace of comic colossi who would later be known as The Two Ronnies) were looking for a title for their shiny new topical TV revue, they called it At Last The 1948 Show in a bid to sum up frustration (previously and more vehemently expressed by their non-Oxbridge-educated role model, Spike Milligan) with the slow-moving institutional nature of the BBC.
Any true appreciation of what is or is not golden about the Reeves/Office age will have to avoid overestimating the differences between this and other periods of comedic endeavour. Especially as one of the main creative themes of the period will prove to be reconnection with preceding generations after the supposed ideological breaches of the 1980s.
Consider the brilliant career of nineteenth-century rabble-rouser Theodore Hook, editor of such outspoken publications as John Bull and The Arcadian. A. J. A. Symons’s 1934 biographical essay15 outlines an armoury of comedic attributes which will not be unfamiliar to comedy aficionados of the present day.
Alongside the mid-stream political horse-swapping of the aforementioned Mr Rory Bremner (‘his power of producing in parody a complete House of Commons debate, imitating one speaker after another…taking off Peel, Palmerston or the Duke [of Wellington] without a moment’s pause’), the eagle-eyed might discern the poker face of Jack Dee (‘his extreme power of keeping a straight face when all his listeners were eclipsed in mirth’), or the institutional subversion of Chris Morris. (Taking up position on an empty cart by the roadside, Hook once posed as an itinerant preacher. Having assembled a suitably rustic audience, the metropolitan mischief-maker ‘suddenly altered the tone of his voice, thundered the most appalling curses at the throng and ran for his life’.)
Even the legendary drinking prowess of Johnny Vegas gets a look in. Symons describes Hook ‘drinking experimental gin and maraschino cocktails by the pint with an American bon vivant, before dining soberly at Lord Canterbury’s where he ascribed his poor appetite to “a biscuit and a glass of sherry rashly taken at luncheon”‘.
This is not to say that life was necessarily richer or more satisfying – comedywise – in the early 1800s, but it is probably worth bearing in mind that the late twentieth century was not the first historical moment at which the professional laughter-maker has loomed large in our culture. The medieval scholar Erasmus disparagingly described the mid-thirteenth century as a time when ‘Fools [i.e. jesters] were so beloved by great men that many could not bear to eat or drink without them, or to be without their company for a single hour’.
The picture of the wearer of cap and bells painted in R. H. Hill’s Tales of the Jesters - ‘Stealing titbits from the kitchen, falling into fits of violent fury without reason, breaking furniture and crockery, fighting with the pages and worst of all giving himself insufferable airs’ – will not be wholly unfamiliar to anyone lucky enough to have spent time with Britain’s turn-of-the-millennium comedic élite.
Elements of unexpected continuity are just as rich a source of fascination in the history of comedy (or, indeed, anything else) as unarguable new departures. To achieve a true understanding of the achievements of the Reeves/Office epoch, it will be necessary to delve deeply into the historical (as well as the comedic) background of the previous half-century – from the victorious memory of the Second World War to the traumatic loss of the British empire; from the bright new dawn of the swinging sixties to the sour fag-end of Thatcherism. At the same time, the dramatic unfolding events of the 1990s and early 2000s will be recounted – wherever possible16 – in the present tense, in the hope of capturing the immediacy with which these developments were initially experienced.
If by these means it were somehow possible to root the glorious comic legacy of this illustrious era in timeless verities of national character and cultural heritage, well, that would certainly be a goal worth aiming at. In his lofty 1946 panegyric The English Sense of Humour, Harold Nicolson describes that most oft-speculated-upon of national attributes (whose ethnic remit is, for the purpose of this volume – and in acknowledgement of the partial success of Tony Blair’s devolutionary reforms – graciously also extended to the Scots, the Welsh and even the Irish) as ‘existing at a level of consciousness between sensation and perception’.
In the hope of getting across how this idea worked, Nicolson came up with a novel illustrative formula. To approximate what he called the ‘simultaneous awareness of doubleness and singleness’ which it entailed, he invited his readers to enjoy for themselves ‘the curious sensation produced when we cross the middle finger over the index and then push the v-shaped aperture up and down the nose’.17
Chronological Timeline
| Dawn of time—1990 | Pre-history |
| Summer 1990 | First series of Vic Reeves Big Night Out |
| Autumn 1990 | Margaret Thatcher resigns |
| Autumn 1991 | First series of Radio 4’s On The Hour |
| Winter 1991-2 | Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait |
| Spring 1992 | John Major leads the Tories to a fourth successive election victory |
| Autumn 1992 | Black Wednesday. Britain withdraws from the European Community Exchange Rate Mechanism in circumstances of unparalleled fiscal humiliation |
| December 1993 | Julian Clary uses the British Comedy Awards’ national live TV platform to slander former Chancellor of the Exchequer Norman Lamont in an unexpectedly amusing way. The Exchange Rate Mechanism is not mentioned |
| December 1993 | Newman and Baddiel play Wembley Arena. The Exchange Rate Mechanism is still not mentioned |
| 27 December 1993 | Shooting Stars makes its début as part of a Vic and Bob theme night on BBC2 |
| Winter 1994 | First and only series of The Day Today kick-starts the Alan Partridge small-screen parabola. Chris Morris’s sadistic studio anchor torments Patrick Marber’s hapless economics correspondent Peter O’Hanraha’ Hanrahan over his inability to fully come to terms with the Exchange Rate Mechanism |
| Spring/summer 1994 | Tired of grappling with the intricacies of European Community finance to a soundtrack of newly corporatized US grunge-rock, the British public awards itself a national holiday, as the releases of Blur’s ParkLife and Oasis’s Definitely Maybe coincide with the launch of Loaded magazine to inaugurate an era of rude patriotic vigour and unprecedented cultural self-satisfaction |
| December 1994 | Spike Milligan uses the British Comedy Awards’ national live TV platform to bad-mouth the heir to the throne in a characteristically outrageous manner |
| Spring/summer 1995 | First series of Father Ted. The word ‘Feck’ enters polite vocabulary |
| December 1995 | At the end of his Christmas Special – Knowing Me, Knowing Yule – Alan Partridge is inadvertently responsible for the death of a guest and must contemplate televisual oblivion |
| Summer 1996 | The Wembley crowd’s rendition of Baddiel, Skinner and Lightning Seeds’ maudlin Euro 96 anthem ‘Football’s Coming Home’ marks the high point of the football/comedy/pop/patriotism interface |
| August 1996 | Something wicked this way comes: first sighting of The League of Gentlemen at the Edinburgh Festival |
| 1 May 1997 | New Labour electoral landslide |
| August 1997 | Princess Diana’s death. Among the endless cultural and political ramifications of this epoch-making event, the novel David Baddiel writes about it will pass inexplicably unnoticed |
| Autumn 1997 | I’m Alan Partridge. Swimming boldly against the tide of increasing linguistic diversity, Alan stigmatizes the speech of his well-meaning Geordie retainer as ‘just noise’ |
| Summer 1998 | Frank Skinner marks the low point of the football/ill-suppressed homoerotic hysteria interface by claiming (on a World Cup edition of Fantasy Football League) to have rubbed the bulbous head of the Jules Rimet Trophy against the tip of his penis |
| 31 August 1998 | Reeves and Mortimer’s Families at War pilot picks up the baton of televisual home invasion from Noel’s House Party’s ‘NTV’, but – as if inspired by antics of UK 4 × 100m relay team – drops it before the actual series starts |
| Autumn /winter 1998 | First series of The Royle Family. In a season of good omen for comedic hyper-realism, The Johnny Vegas Television Show also makes an inspired one-off début |
| Christmas 1999 | Ali G’s Alternative Christmas Message proves the unexpected highlight of Britain’s millennium celebrations |
| Winter 2000 | First series of The League of Gentlemen. Still a year to wait until Papa Lazarou’s Pandemonium Carnival, though |
| Easter 2000 | The Royle Family’s Caroline Aherne and Craig Cash unveil their Back Passage to India. The reaction of E. M. Forster’s living relatives can only be guessed at |
| Early summer 2000 | ‘Nasty’ Nick Bateman expelled from Big Brother house for breaking ‘rules’ |
| Autumn 2000 | Brazenly unenvironmental petrol tax protests segue seamlessly but with tragic aptness into the Foot and Mouth crisis. Brass Eye’s ‘Animals’ episode proves horribly prophetic |
| Christmas 2000 | BBC2 screens ‘last Fast Shows ever’ |
| Spring 2001 | First Celebrity Big Brother. Jack Dee breaks out of house and wanders aimlessly in East London post-industrial wilderness before returning, chastened, to fortified televisual enclave |
| May 2001 | Tony Blair wins second term |
| February 2002 | Death of Spike Milligan |
| June 2002 | Brian May plays ‘God Save the Queen’ on top of Buckingham Palace to commemorate Elizabeth IPs Golden Jubilee. Ben Elton compères |
| Summer 2002 | The Fast Show announces extensive live ‘Farewell’ tour |
| Autumn 2002 | I’m A Celebrity Get Me Out Of Here! consummates mainstream TV’s ten-year flirtation with the Reevesian entertainment ethic |
| Autumn 2002 | Ricky Gervais – appearing on Parkinson to publicize the second series of The Office – suggests that the recent tragic death of Rod Hull in a roof-top fall might in some way have been due to hand injuries sustained in the course of his puppet Emu’s much-celebrated onscreen tussle with the veteran Yorkshire chat-show host |
| Winter 2002-3 | Almost ten years after its first screening, The Day Today ‘War Special’ inspires the second Gulf War Ben Elton and Lenny Henry sighted in Vic Reeves’s wedding photos in OK magazine Ricky Gervais announces Christmas 2003 editions of The Office will be the last |
Part One
1 On the Launchpad
The Reeves and Mortimer despot/democrat trajectory is about to commence
‘The present time, together with the past, shall be judged by a great jovialist’
Nostradamus
‘You’ll never guess what I just saw backstage…Nicholas Witchell with a barrage balloon Sellotaped onto his back, trying to convince all these termites that he was their queen’
Vic Reeves
In a late-nineties BBC TV documentary about Steve Martin, the stadium-filling stand-up balloon-folder turned Hollywood leading man recalls looking around him at the angry political comedy which prevailed in his homeland in the immediate aftermath of the Vietnam protest era. ‘Hmm,’ Martin remembers his mid-seventies self thinking, ‘all that’s gonna be over soon…and when it is, I’m gonna be right there. And I’m gonna be silly.’
It would not be the act of a madman to imagine Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer making a similar plan in downtown south-east London a decade or so later, with Margaret Thatcher as their Richard Nixon and Ben Elton as their Richard Pryor. If you hadn’t ever spoken to them. But once you’ve listened to them talking about what they do (in this instance, over tea and biscuits at the BBC, at around the same time the Steve Martin documentary goes out) it’s hard to conceive how the massive cultural impact Reeves and Mortimer have had on this country in the past decade or so could possibly have been a matter of prior calculation.
They have always been endearingly incapable of guessing which of their ideas will go down well and which won’t (‘You imagine everyone will like everything when you first think it up,’ Vic muses, ‘then when you actually do it, you think “Oh, maybe not”‘), seeming to clutch to their hearts with especial tenderness those comedic sallies which are greeted with total incomprehension on the part of their audience.
Vic remembers an infamous early appearance at the Montreal Comedy Festival: ‘There were 7,000 people, one of the biggest crowds we’ve ever had, and it was absolute silence for twelve minutes. We went out and we had the lucky carpet with us. The basic joke is Bob comes on and says, “I’ve been having some bad luck.” And I say, “Well, have you got a lucky charm?” And I turn out to have a lucky charm which is too big to carry…’
Vic shakes his head contentedly: ‘You could hear people in the audience saying, “That carpet’s too big” – they just couldn’t accept someone having a twenty-foot roll of carpet for a lucky charm.’18
Bob has similarly fond memories of 1998’s notoriously impenetrable BBC2 series Bang Bang…It’s Reeves & Mortimer. ‘We have this hope,’ Mortimer insists, rather poignantly, ‘that if there’s anyone left bothered about us in fifty years’ time, that will be the one they’ll remember.’19
It seems jokes nobody understands are like pop stars who die young. They never get the chance to let you down.
‘There’s such a thin line between what works and what doesn’t,’ argues long-time Vic and Bob associate and Vic Reeves Big Night Out catalyst Jonathan Ross (while pretending not to care whether any fellow customers have registered his presence in a Soho Star-bucks in the early summer of 2002). ‘It’s all delivery and perception and context. And I think they understand that better than anyone. That’s why they never get beaten down – because they find what they do genuinely funny. That’s what makes them different from what you might call more workmanlike comedians, or some of the sort of stuff I do,’ Ross grins.
‘You sit down and write material which you think people might find funny,’ he continues. ‘Then you try and hone it so they definitely will do, but you’re not living life for yourself. It’s purely work. It was never like that for Vic and Bob, though. They’re not a service industry: even when they’re doing things to pay the rent, they’re still enjoying themselves. And something like that time in Montreal – where they were doing stuff with a miniature Elvis and some monkeys on a plate to a bemused bilingual audience – they just enjoyed the whole experience. For them, it doesn’t represent the death of an act or a step back in a possible career plan, it’s just another funny moment in an already amusing day.’
Reeves and Mortimer used to commemorate the jokes which no one got with a weekly memorial service in the ‘tumbleweed moment’ running gag on Shooting Stars. Now that they themselves are verging on institutional status, it’s hard to remember just how roughly they once rubbed against the comic grain. But when the Big Night Out first appeared – in a succession of (to use Vic’s characteristically art-history-informed adjective) ‘Hogarthian’ south-east London pubs, in the second half of the 1980s – the ideological tyranny of alternative comedy was still at its height.
‘It just didn’t interest me,’ Vic remembers scornfully. ‘I hate being preached to. I can make my own mind up: tell me something new.’ In Vic’s case, something new meant a potent blend of old-fashioned vaudeville and a spirit of the purest comic anarchy.
Consider for a moment the Big Night Out’s warped talent contest ‘Novelty Island’ (in which Mortimer’s increasingly poignant alter ego Graham Lister strives to impress the unfeeling Reeves with a series of doomed variety acts, such as pushing lard through the mouth and nostrils of a picture of Mickey Rourke). Now cast your mind back to its most obvious comedic precursor, ‘Alan Whicker Island’ – a vintage Monty Python sketch about an archipelago inhabited entirely by people who look and behave just like the abrasive TV travel-show presenter turned spokesman for American Express. The fundamental difference between these two comic conceits is that the latter addresses the entertainment apparatus it is attempting to deconstruct from the top down, while the former does so from the bottom up.
This levelling tendency in Vic and Bob’s work is balanced from the first (for example, in the marvellously arbitrary adjudications of the terrifying Judge Nutmeg) with a healthy respect for the comic potential of absolute rule. Their unique ability to combine the insurrectionary fury of the eighteenth-century mob with the icy hauteur of the pre-revolutionary aristocrat is the basis of what rocket scientists of the future will term ‘The Reeves and Mortimer despot/ democrat trajectory’.
3. Primary Ross/Reeves interface
As with the initial encounter between Lorenzo de’ Medici and Michelangelo – to which it has often been compared – the bare physical facts of the first meeting between Jonathan Ross and Vic Reeves are a matter of historical record. It was the start of the second series of The Last Resort in the autumn of 1987, and after the runaway success of his début season, Jonathan Ross was looking around for fresh inspiration in the midst of a ‘horrible second album moment’.
His brother Adam, who was running a club called The Swag at Gossips in Soho at the time, had mentioned a ‘slightly crazy DJ guy…the only person he knew who admitted to liking prog-rock when no one else would even acknowledge that stuff. He’d put on a record like “Alright Now” by Free and mime to it while wearing a horse-brass round his neck.’
When Ross senior discovered that this individual also did ‘strange paintings of Elvis’, his curiosity was definitely piqued. A meeting was set up at a Japanese restaurant in Brewer Street, where Reeves would bring his pictures and Ross would pick up the tab. Fifteen years later, the latter remembers the occasion in tones endearingly reminiscent of one of those scenes in a TV dating show where someone goes to the toilet between the starter and the main course to tell the cameras how it’s going.
‘I liked the way he looked,’ Ross remembers. ‘I liked what he’d done with his hair – he was the first person I’d seen with what was sort of the George Clooney cut. I’d always been interested in the evolution of male style but never really had the courage to do anything about it. Jim [it is a tribute to the power of the Vic Reeves persona that even people who know him really well seem slightly uneasy about using the name on his birth certificate] certainly led the way there.20
‘I’d never seen anyone who was quite so comfortable about looking ridiculous for the sake of style,’ Ross continues, ‘which is something I deeply admire in people – that almost complete sublimation of the ego in pursuit of “the look”. He was wearing all black, and he had his hair done very short. He looked great and very unusual – kind of like a mod, but those early ones who were inspired by the American beats. Anyway, it was a very interesting look and I knew he’d done it consciously, so that really impressed me.’
What was the atmosphere like between the two of them? ‘It was reasonably friendly, but a little awkward. I was slightly embarrassed at the time about the way people might perceive me as being the epitome of Thatcher’s young man. I suppose it was because of the shoulder pads—shoulder pads equating in a post-Dynasty kind of way with flash and success. Anyway, I was very conscious of going out of my way not to seem like that person.’
And yet Ross felt comfortable buying two paintings (for a hundred pounds each, though Vic only asked for ten) on the spot – one of which featured Elvis ironing Tommy Trinder’s trousers?
‘I do remember thinking immediately afterwards, I hope I haven’t offended him in some way. I was always concerned about the north-south thing as well…especially back then. It was very important at that stage for any vaguely sensitive southerner not to act like a prick in any way to do with money or status or feeling proud of being brought up in the nation’s capital city when in the company of northern gentlemen.’
Vic and Bob seem to have had a talent for reflecting this feeling back at people. ‘Yes, but very nicely, never in an anti-southern kind of way…It was almost a casual acknowledgement of who they were. One of the things that always really attracted me to them was that they were clearly from the north-east, yet it wasn’t like “Hello, we’re northerners, look at us”. Their unapologetic use of phrases and terms that either were peculiar to their region, or seemed like they might be to people from the south, made the whole thing feel kind of true, even when it was anything but.’
Ross first encountered the two of them together a few months after the Brewer Street meeting, when he went down to see Vic DJ-ing at Gossips. ‘There were about three people in the audience and some bloke pretending to be a playboy singing “I’m the man who broke the bank at Monte Carlo”. Bob turned up afterwards and I assumed he and Vic were a gay couple, because they seemed quite tender with each other. Bob was concerned that it hadn’t gone well and I didn’t understand that they worked together, I just thought, Oh, he’s gay and this is his little partner. So when Vic said “I’m doing a thing with Bob” I just thought “Oh fuck, it’s a Linda McCartney situation”. But of course, it wasn’t.’
Right from the start of his own TV career, Ross seemed keen to rehabilitate British comedy’s old guard – the Frankie Howerds and Sid Jameses – who had fallen by the ideological wayside in the 1980s.21 Was one of the things that impressed him about Vic Reeves the way he seemed to be referring to a pre-alternative tradition?
‘I think early on I was just struck by his originality and his fearlessness…the way he presented himself as an exotic figure, not so much in terms of being from the north-east, just in a kind of “Hello,I’m Spike Milligan’s illegitimate son” sort of way. It’s just that unique manner Vic has of observing things and presenting himself…It’s not so much courage, because courage is when you know that you might fail. It’s more like an insane confidence in his own world view.’
2. Seven days in the sitcom wilderness: ‘Listen very carefully, I will say this only once’
There’s a great bit in Graham McCann’s 1998 biography of More-cambe and Wise where, as a means of establishing the weight of expectation resting upon his subjects’ disastrous 1954 small-screen début Running Wild (the one which caused the People’s television critic to pen the somewhat premature epitaph ‘Definition of the week. “TV”: the box in which they buried Eric and Ernie’), the author outlines the other entertainment on offer on Britain’s only small-screen channel on the night Morecambe and Wise staked their first claim on the medium. Bear in mind that this was a time when, in McCann’s suitably austere phrase, ‘Hours of viewing, like public drinking, were limited in the interests of temperance’. Thus, the early evening newsreel was followed by the rather Reevesian-sounding Coracle Carnival (with its exciting coverage of people paddling up and down a river in Roman-style boats). Then came that eternal televisual staple, ‘Association Football’ (Aldershot versus the Army), followed by Gravelhanger, a drama so bad it made Heartbeat look like a mouth-watering prospect. The ill-fated Running Wild was next up, before the evening reached a somewhat anti-climactic conclusion with a discussion of the situation in Indo-China, followed by the national anthem.
There would seem to be plenty of ammunition here for those who claim that the now unthinkably large audiences often cited as evidence of the superiority of previous generations of TV were actually just a result of there not being anything else on. Yet Running Wild got dreadful viewing figures with no competition, while more than half the nation would watch Morecambe and Wise Christmas shows a couple of decades later when it had two (count them, two) other channels to choose from.
Anyway, to extend the reach of McCann’s licensed-premises-based viewing metaphor, British TV at the start of the 1990s had left behind the old Scottish Highlands and Islands Keep the Lord’s Day Special scenario, but was still a long way shy of the non-stop twenty-four-hour lock-in that would be the digital epoch. In short, this was an era of limited Sunday opening and the occasional late-night extension.
What we really need to help us understand the dramatic impact of Vic Reeves Big Night Out is some kind of contemporary record of 1990’s primitive entertainment landscape. A diary, say, of a whole week’s worth of British sitcoms in that last grim Thatcherite winter…Thank goodness I kept one!22
Friday, 21 February
‘Allo ‘Allo
This failsafe blend of Carry On-style innuendo and hoary World War II stereotype has entered the national subconscious at such a high level that it’s hard to know what to think about it. Except that the catch-phrase ‘Listen very carefully, I will say this only once’ will be remembered long after ‘Alb ‘Allo’s source material – late-seventies BBC drama series Secret Army – has faded from the collective memory. And that the only way to truly grasp this show’s ethical daring is to imagine the likely tabloid reaction to a French TV network essaying a comedy series about the humorous experiences of British prisoners in a Japanese POW camp.
Watching
Once the impact of its punkily downbeat theme tune (‘It was boredom at first sight, he was no one’s Mr Right’) has worn off, this amiable chunk of Scouse whimsy actually puts together its clichéd ingredients (interfering mother and put-upon only son) in a modestly charming way. Tonight, chirpy Brenda and her lovably gormless motor mechanic boyfriend Malcolm indulged in a bit of furtive courting aboard a friend’s beached pleasure craft, and were surprised when the tide came in and they had to be rescued by a lifeboat. Malcolm’s last line – ‘Nothing ever happens’ – made the influence of Samuel Beckett even more explicit than it was already.
Home To Roost
It’s hard to believe that this depressing rubbish with John Thaw and Reece Dinsdale in it is actually churned out by the same writer (Eric Chappell) who brought us the immortal Rising Damp. And yet, it is.
Colin’s Sandwich
Even those who have never previously harboured warm feelings towards Mel Smith have to admit that this is quite good. The prevailing mood of world-weary cynicism recalls the great early days of Shelley, and by working through its desire to use the word ‘buttocks’ in its opening few moments, tonight’s edition freed itself from that perennial concern to become genuinely humane. The man whose attempts to take control of his own life are constantly thwarted by his own essential decency, yet he can’t help speaking his mind however horrific the situation he has become enmeshed in, is a perennial theme of all great drama, from Hamlet to Ever Decreasing Circles.
Saturday, 22 February
Not traditionally a big night for sitcoms. Luckily, Keith Barron will soon be back on our screens in Haggard.
Sunday, 23 February
You Rang, Milord
Jimmy Perry and David Croft generously stage a benefit night for all their old characters. Lord George and the Honourable Teddy are the same as they were in It Ain’t Half Hot Mum, but in different clothes. Paul Shane, Su Pollard and the other one are the same as they were in Hi-de-Hi but in different clothes. The air raid warden in Dad’s Army is the same as he was in Dad’s Army but in different clothes. The story is Upstairs Downstairs-style class war but played for laughs, which ought to have been a winning formula, but unaccountably – despite the plentiful opportunities for whisky watering and chamber pots – the whole thing looks a bit tired. In a footnote of modest historical interest, the comedy lesbian is played by one Katherine Rabett, who – had the cookie of royal libido crumbled a little differently – could quite easily have ended up as the Duchess of York.
The Two Of Us
Disgusting piece of Thatcherite slop in which ‘Ashley’ and ‘Elaine’ (played by Nicholas Lyndhurst – unwisely striving to shrug off the sacred mantle of Rodney in Only Fools and Horses— and the evocatively named Janet Dibley) are a wildly unappealing upwardly mobile couple, currently endeavouring to become entrepreneurs by running a pizza joint in the evenings. Any kind of manual work in a sitcom like this is, it must be remembered, side-splittingly hilarious. ‘I wanted a leather-topped desk and a BMW, not a tin of olives and a moped,’ Ashley moaned tonight to great audience hilarity. As if all this, another interfering mother and (this is the modern world after all) a businessman with a mobile phone weren’t enough, this week’s episode also found room for a cameo appearance from Simon Schatzberger, deeply loathed star of the ‘French polisher?…It’s just possible you could save my life’ Yellow Pages ad.
Monday, 24 February
Desmond’s
The fact that the only other non-white character in this entire week of British sitcom is a woman in the dentist’s waiting room in Thursday’s début edition of One Foot in the Grave gives some indication of the burden of representation Trix Worrell’s Peck-ham Rye barber’s shop comedy has to carry. In these circumstances, occasional lapses into the all-singing all-dancing tendencies of The Cosby Show are probably understandable. The comedy African is quite funny, too.
Tuesday, 25 February
Chelmsford 123
In which Jimmy Mulville shows that he still has some way to go before he can truly be considered the Tim Brooke Taylor of his generation.
After Henry
For reasons known only to themselves, ITV considered the return of After Henry an event of sufficient significance to merit the front page of the TV Times.23 In truth it is slightly better scripted than most of its rivals in the hegemonic middle-class-parents-cope-with-grown-up-children-and-demanding-mother genre, but when Prunella Scales says ‘After Henry confirms my theory that all the best comedy is based on pain’, she really is not kidding.
Porridge
Manna from heaven. In tonight’s repeated episode, ‘Poetic Justice’, the magistrate responsible for Fletcher’s incarceration found himself behind bars for bribery and corruption and sharing a cell with the man he sentenced. ‘How do you think I feel,’ he demands in a fine example of the celebrated Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais technique of natural justice through paradox, ‘being sent down by a crook like me?’
Wednesday, 26 February
By some completely unprecedented scheduling oversight, there are at present no British sitcoms on a Wednesday evening, but it cannot be very long before someone chooses a common saying in everyday use, cuts off its second half (Too Many Cooks…A Stitch in Time…It’s an Ill Wind…), finds a comedy location – motorway service station, taxidermists, baked bean factory – adds an interfering mother, someone with a car phone, and three grown-up children, and remembers that trousers are funny, and there we’ll have it. ITV, 8.30 p.m., and June Whitfield’s our uncle.
Thursday, 27 February
May To December
Anton Rodgers, the poor man’s William Gaunt, plays the middle-aged solicitor who is – horror of horrors, call out the militia and phone D. H. Lawrence – going out with someone quite a lot younger than him. Worse still, her name is Zoe Angel…and as for the comedy cockney secretary and her hilarious marijuana plant, let us draw a discreet veil over her (and it). It would be all too easy at this point to lament the passing of a halcyon epoch of situation comedy, but the harsh truth is that for every Steptoe…there has probably always been a Mind Your Language.
One Foot in the Grave
David Renwick’s suburban revenge comedy is the rarest of contemporary phenomena – an entertaining new sitcom with funny jokes in it. Victor Meldrew (played by the excellent Richard Wilson of Only When I Laugh and Tutti Frutti renown) is an irascible retired security guard who vents his considerable spleen on children, men with walking sticks, and toilet rolls whose perforations don’t coincide. Tonight he was in hospital with unexplained stomach pains and found himself having his pubic hair shaved by an escaped lunatic called Mr Brocklebank. Later on, when asked by a passing Conservative candidate for his vote in a forthcoming by-election, he gestured towards his genital region and proclaimed ‘I’d sooner stick it in a pan of boiling chip fat’. Last, and perhaps best of all, came this explanation for chronic insomnia: ‘How can I go to sleep?’ Meldrew wonders. ‘Every time I nod off, I have this hideous dream that I’m imprisoned in a lunatic asylum and Arthur Askey is singing underneath the window.’
At this point, the journal ends. But as well as showing just how desperately Vic Reeves Big Night Out was needed, and beyond the eerily prophetic resonance of Victor Meldrew’s dream,24 this grainy snapshot of life before reality TV can also – with the aid of hindsight’s high-powered microscope – be seen to reveal a small-screen comedy world in a fascinating state of flux.
The exhaustion of the classic British sitcom form is made all the more apparent by the grisly spectacle of seventies behemoths trading on past glories. And the advent of One Foot in the Grave – arguably the last in the Dad’s Army/Fawlty Towers/Only Fools and Horses family line of generation-crossing mass-audience sitcoms25 – only further reinforces this sense of transience and impending extinction.
Meanwhile, at the other end of the demographic scale, a lot of the bright young things of what someone with no regard for mythic nomenclature might term the Not the Nine O’Clock News generation were finding that their own performing careers were running out of steam a little earlier than might have been expected. By cunningly diverting their substantial remaining energies into the brave new world of independent production, the Jimmy Mulvilles, Mel Smiths (no one else liked Colin’s Sandwich as much as I did) and Griff Rhys Joneses of the world would snatch success from the jaws of failure via the new empires of Talkback and Hat Trick.26
1. Getting Chiggy with it
‘I remember going down and seeing them at the Deptford Albany,’ says Reeves and Mortimer’s manager Caroline Chignell – universally known as ‘Chiggy’ – of her first sighting of her future clients, ‘and thinking, Oh my God! It was just so different from anything else…Vic and Bob didn’t really come out of the comedy world: what they were doing seemed to be referring more to art and pop traditions. There was a real feeling of a community of artists around them. Yet at the same time, their act seemed to involve all the sorts of things that would make your dad laugh, but done in a really contemporary way.’
In manned space flight, the last-minute pre-launch stages are always especially fraught. And so it proved with the Reeves and Mortimer despot/democrat trajectory, as the little matter of successfully translating their uniquely deranged equilibrium to TV was very far from being a done deal.
‘There was obviously some irony involved when Vic claimed to be “Britain’s top light entertainer”,’ Chiggy remembers, ‘but he believed it too – and he looked it when he wore a white suit.’
Vic’s early televisual forays on Jonathan Ross’s Last Resort were greeted with a reaction most fairly characterized as general bemusement, but looking back now, there were portents of the greatness to come. When he painted pictures of guests (including punk svengali Malcolm McLaren) on china plates as ‘Lesley Cooper, street artist’, a couple of prescient reprobates ran down out of the audience to steal them. And Vic’s attempts at adding a much-needed touch of class to an ill-fated village-fête-themed show as the bucolic Silas Cloudharvest elicited at least one memorable reaction. (‘I was talking to one of the prop guys afterwards,’ Jonathan Ross remembers fondly, ‘and he said “That farmer was shit: if he hadn’t had that cucumber flute, he’d have died on his arse”.’)
There were, Chiggy remembers, ‘a lot of people sniffing about’ in south-east London in the very late eighties. Whether or not BBC2’s Alan Yentob and Channel 4’s Michael Grade actually did go and see the Big Night Out at Deptford Albany on the same evening in an epic battle for control of the future of British comedy,27 it was the latter (via Ross’s production company, Channel X) who ended up signing the deal.
After an embarrassing episode when Ross and Reeves went to the BBC boss’s house only to find out that he actually wanted Vic to be the host of a new series of Juke Box Jury (a job which his friend and fellow scion of the South London biker underground Jools Holland was happy to take in his stead), it was never really going to be otherwise. The demon Yentob would get his man in the end. But for the moment, everything had turned out for the best. When the Big Night Out finally transferred to TV, the particular circumstances of a newly established independent production company making a show for a young channel would facilitate a level of freedom that a more firmly established institution could never have permitted.28
‘The thing that set the tone,’ Chiggy remembers, ‘was Jim’s absolute control of the visual aspect. Something like that would never be allowed to happen now, but it was his and Bob’s vision entirely – all the sets, all the props, all the costumes…The scripts were all drawings [preserved for posterity in the Penguin book Big Night In] – “shell/bottle lamp with patchwork shade”, “Kleenex/ticker tape”. And it was amazing how literally the people making the props took everything: they were so terrified of accidentally putting down an aubergine rather than a cucumber, or making something blue when it needed to be white.’
Vic and Bob seem to have been quite an intimidating proposition at this stage. ‘They had a very small, close-knit group of friends, and you would not dare ever to even guess what was funny and what wasn’t, or you would land yourself in terrible trouble,’ Chiggy concedes. ‘I don’t think it was just me…I think everyone felt that way.’
…Lift off! ‘Twisted movements…little puppets…light breezes blowing gently across the floor’
The cover of the 26 May 1990 issue of the NME has a historic look about it few others of that epoch can match. The music paper (which had adopted Vic and Bob at a time when rock ‘n’ roll hopefuls of a similarly charismatic stamp were distressingly thin on the ground)29 looks forward to the first episode of Vic Reeves Big Night Out on the coming Friday night with a properly inflated sense of occasion.
‘People may well anticipate some jokes of the type normally associated with alternative comedy,’ Vic warns, portentously, ‘but they are going to be disappointed.’ What comes instead will be, he promises, ‘very visual and very aesthetically attractive’. Among the featured attractions, the viewers at home can look forward to ‘twisted movements…little puppets…light breezes blowing gently across the floor’, safe in the assurance that ‘except for sex and politics, everything is covered’.
The big night finally comes. And from the moment Vic walks on with Bob dressed as Isambard Kingdom Brunei and carrying a stuffed alsatian, it’s clear this isn’t going to be your everyday TV comedy experience.
Beginning and ending with a song, the show incorporates not only the marvellous ‘Novelty Island’ talent contest, but also the fearsome and arbitrary Judge Nutmeg, whose Wheel of Justice is the centre of an elaborate ritual of care (‘What do we do with the wheel of justice? Comb its hair!’) and generates a centrifugal force unparalleled in the history of jurisprudence (‘Spin, spin, spin the wheel of justice – see how fast the bastard turns!’).
Reeves, modestly hailed in the opening credits as ‘Britain’s top light entertainer…and singer’, vainly endeavours to keep a grip on the proceedings in his multifarious roles as baffled continuity announcer, lecherous game-show host and super-confident master of ceremonies. The proceedings also benefit from regular interventions by Vic’s bald assistant, Les, who loves spirit levels but has a terrible fear of chives, and top turns such as the astonishing performance-art group, Action Image Exchange. And then there’s the enigmatic Man with the Stick, whose amusing helmet is decorated with cartoons of ‘Spandau Ballet laughing at an orphan who’s fallen off his bike’ or ‘Milli Vanilli trying to create negative gravity in their tights’.
As with The Goons and Monty Python before them, the affection in which Reeves and Mortimer would come to be held by those who find them funny is rivalled only by the confusion and irritation they inspire in those who don’t.30 And this fact of course only serves to intensify the joy of the former happy grouping.
It’s not long before people in every town in Britain are yelping at each other in hurriedly fabricated Darlington accents (slightly softer than conventional Geordie): ‘You wouldn’t! You wouldn’t! You wouldn’t…let it lie.’ Other catch-phrases prove equally infectious – the all-purpose ‘Very poor’, the trip-to-the-barber’s-inspired ‘It’s not what I asked for’, and best of all, with its pay-off delivered in an appropriately gormless voice not a million miles away from Keith Harris’s Orville: ‘I’m naive, me…but happy.’
With characteristic perversity, Vic seems to have been most willing to talk straightforwardly about what he was doing before anyone else knew what he was up to. Certainly he would rarely again be as explicit as he had been over that first Japanese meal with Jonathan Ross. (‘He explained the loose idea of Vic Reeves being simultaneously him and not him,’ Ross remembers wistfully, ‘but I’m sad to say that at the time I didn’t really pay as much attention as I should’ve.’)
Speaking to Vic over the phone at his Deptford office in the middle of the first series, there is certainly no sign of his head being turned by success. Asked as a test of his artistic integrity whether he would ever consider doing a building-society advert, his response is heartwarmingly straightforward: ‘If they’re paying me, I’ll do ‘owt. I’m shameless.’
He is happy to talk about his tailor – Sidney Charles of Deptford High Street (‘I’ve always gone to him, and I will continue to go to him as well’) – but reluctant to be drawn on Jack Hargreaves, Frank Randall, Will Hay, or any of the other big names of bygone variety eras to whom his Big Night Out persona seems to be paying implicit tribute. ‘If I mentioned anyone, I’d be speaking out of turn really, wouldn’t I?’ he demurs, sneakily.
But aren’t he and Bob bored of being compared to Morecambe and Wise all the time?
‘It’s been said. And I suppose if people have spotted it, there must be something there, but without being modest, I think we’re very unique…I don’t think you can really say that we’re like anyone else, or want to be—we just make it up as we go along really.’
Perhaps a little taken aback by the warmth with which the Big Night Out is received, Vic and Bob subsequently seem to delight in erecting a wall of wilful obfuscation between themselves and the outside world. It’s a wall that large sections of the British public seem to delight in swarming over – maybe inspired by the crowds picking up souvenir bits of demolished masonry on the freshly unified streets of Berlin.31
Either way, in the first flush of his fame, Vic Reeves can often be seen riding an antique motorbike round his old Greenwich haunts on scorching summer days, dressed in full biker’s leathers. Within a matter of months, he almost needs a police escort to protect him from the hordes of impressionable teenagers begging him to autograph cooked meat products or pieces of celery.
‘Their popularity rose absolutely from the north,’ Chiggy explains. ‘When they went out on tour after the TV show had been on, they were initially doing pretty small, university-only type gigs, but when they got to the north-east, we literally had to get security.’32
At a less expansive cultural moment, this cult following in their ancestral homeland might have kept itself to itself. But this was the Madchester epoch, and with the rest of the country unprecedentedly susceptible to the charms of northerly enunciation, Vic and Bob soon found themselves exciting – on a national basis – the sort of intense, personally focused teen adulation that the pop stars of that baggily collective pre-Britpop musical moment seemed to have given up a right to.
By December of 1991, in the wake of an autumn repeat, a fantastic New Year special and a second series, a live Big Night Out fills Hammersmith Odeon for weeks on end. As in all the best games of Chinese whispers, a double transfer – from cult, localized live attraction to TV series to big-budget nationwide roadshow – had been enough to completely garble the original message.
If Reeves and Mortimer’s act can fairly be said to be ‘about’ anything (and however sniffy they get when anyone accuses them of being surrealists, Dali and Bunuel’s manifesto that ‘nothing should submit to rational explanation’ sometimes seems to have been written for them), it is about celebrity.
It’s one thing to unravel the macramé of minor television faces, pop stars and brand names in which we all find ourselves entangled and then mix them up again into ever more delicious confusion, but what happens when your own fame becomes a strand of that macramé? The moment of bewilderment which precedes recognition and laughter is one of Vic and Bob’s most precious comedic assets, which is why familiarity could be fatal to them.
At Hammersmith Odeon, Vic and Bob seem rather bored with the Les Facts and the ‘You wouldn’t let it lie’ and ‘What’s on the end of your stick?’ routines, and the parts of the show which are less concerned with ritual and more concerned with invention are by far the most enjoyable. With the Big Night Out now established as perhaps the most original and inspiring of all the generation-welding TV comedies, its perpetrators would have to move on if they wanted to stop their talents congealing like old Ready Brek in the chipped breakfast bowl of the folk memory.
2 ‘Don’t Mention the War’
Conflict aftermath and comedic rebirth, from The Goons to Richard and Judy
‘I died for the England I dreamed of, not for the England I know’
Spike Milligan, in anticipation of imminent death
under enemy fire, Italy, 1943
‘With our circuit, people at the beginning tried to separate themselves from the mainstream history of comedy, but in truth, if you go back, there have always been little clumps of young performers who appeared to be different but actually weren’t’
Alan Davies, in his manager’s West End office,
fifty years later
Vic and Bob’s first appearance on This Morning…with Richard and Judy, in the autumn of 1991, is not a huge success. After a few conversational false starts, Vic (to whom the institutional acceptance represented by the booking means a great deal) is finally getting into his stride with an impassioned discourse about his love for Dad’s Army, when Judy interrupts him with an exasperated – and characteristically curt – expostulation of ‘I can’t take any more of this’.
Both parties plainly consider this a very unsatisfactory piece of interaction – referring back to it in anxious tones on subsequent meetings – but for the watcher at home, it is actually much more fun than later, superficially more successful, encounters.
The idea that an up-and-coming Channel 4 comedian should be able to speak sincerely about his love for Captain Mainwaring and Private Pike is simply beyond Finnegan’s comprehension at this point. A couple of years later, she would probably have found it easier to grasp, but life is much more fun when she still doesn’t get it. The excitement of two different worlds colliding with (at least) one side unaware of how much they actually have in common is always far greater than a formal meeting of minds.
One ofthe distressing side-effects of British TV’s ever-increasing self-awareness in the 1990s is a steady decline in the number of arenas in which people can make a joke that everyone isn’t in on. Like school playing fields (also steadily diminishing in number), such open spaces supply a vital service to the community, and certain technical forms of virtuosity cannot be mastered without them.
What concerns us at the moment is the thing that Vic and Judy have in common. Beyond a fondness for Dad’s Army itself, it’s a shared appreciation of what the success of the show was based on, which was the folk memory of a moment (well, a six-year span of extraordinary hardship and heroism) when Britain found itself to be – in the words of J. B. Priestley – ‘the hope of all that’s best in the world’.
The Second World War was the beginning of modern British comedy. If you got a frigate every time you heard someone say that, then we’d all be admirals. But from Spike Milligan’s war memoirs to Freddie Starr doing his Hitler impression, to old-school Scouse reprobate Stan Boardman wittering on about ‘The Germans’ and their ‘Fokkers’, to Basil Fawlty’s celebrated over-reaction to the presence in his hotel of guests from the land of Beethoven and Goethe, the shadow of that great conflict certainly loomed pretty large over the seventies and eighties comedy landscape.
This was why when Martin Amis said in his book Koba The Dread that people in Britain were happy to laugh at Soviet Communism but not happy to laugh at the Nazis, it seemed as if he must have gone to bed too soon after eating a large portion of strong cheese. A recollection of that spirit of cheery defiance so touchingly embodied in the Dad’s Army theme tune, ‘Who do you think you are kidding, Mr Hitler?’,33 would persist throughout all sections of British society to the very end of the century,34 despite the best attempts of disreputable right-wing forces (from Margaret Thatcher and her Winston Churchill fetish to Fascist groups trying to collect funds by pretending they were intended for war veterans’ hospitals) to co-opt it as their own.35
Gavin Hills—journalistic avatar of that upsurge of compensatory masculinity widely termed ‘New Lad’ – described himself as being part of ‘The Airfix Generation’: ‘Boys who grew up seeing war as something distant and glorious, a playground game’. To be strictly accurate, this was not just one generation (Hills’s considerably older fellow Loaded contributor Vic Reeves recalls growing up making models from kits and painting all the uniforms in paisley colours, and in any case, the ability to see war as something distant and glorious has been a vital weapon in the armoury of recruiting sergeants from the dawn of time) but it is the legitimate province of youth to fancy its own experiences to be unique.
Anyway, Hills was so moved by those images of wartime Britain which were so prevalent (‘like the flickering shadows of a former, more honourable world’) amid the VE Day anniversary celebrations, that he decided to join the Territorial Army.36 Even without being able to consider (as they hadn’t been on TV yet) the alarming examples of Simon Pegg’s crazy friend Mike in Spaced and The Office’s notorious killing machine Gareth Keenan, this seemed a somewhat extreme reaction.
As a first step to getting to grips with the enduring legacy of the Second World War and its long lost sense of common purpose, I felt that going to see two showbiz combat-zone veterans go through their paces looked like a safer bet.
Where there’s armed conflict and the imminent threat of violent death, there’s hope
In the course of about an hour onstage at the Royal Albert Hall in the early nineties, Eltham-born nonagenarian Bob Hope tells approximately twelve jokes. A shorter version of one of them (‘Me, George Burns and a couple of older fellas, we get together every Saturday night and try to get in touch with the living’) will turn up a decade or so later in the course of the first single to be taken from Robbie Williams’s fourth solo album Escapology, but that is not the end of the elder Bob’s contribution to modern show business.
Learning lines was never a priority for this godfather of the autocue (‘What comedian’, Hope is once reported to have asked, ‘is going to give up playing golf for a script?’) and as befits a man who hit puberty before the Russian revolution, most of his material on this occasion has to be fed to him by his piano player. But when he does ‘It’s Delovely’, with his long-suffering wife Dolores singing the first word of each line, there is a flash of that effortless mid-song repartee that once made him and Bing Crosby the coolest men in the world.
Bob Hope was always older than he had a right to be – playing the romantic lead with Natalie Wood and Eva Marie Saint when he should have been their dad – but his audience is younger than anyone would have dreamed. Some are here to see Britain’s own old-fashioned song-and-dance funnyman Brian Conley, who does a lovely turn from Me and My Girl, but then falls victim to a heckler of rare acuity. When Brian asks the audience to suggest impressions for him to do, a mighty voice booms down from the balcony with the following crushing proposal: ‘a comedian’.
Most of the people, however, have come to pay tribute to a pioneer postmodernist, perhaps sensing that without Bob Hope’s Road to…movies (and Son of Paleface), there would have been no Bob Monkhouse and maybe no Farrelly Brothers. Hope’s short, sprightly bursts of stand-up (and sometimes sit-down) comedy are punctuated with long film-clip compilations of past career highlights, projected on to a large screen above the heads of the New Squadronaires Orchestra. His commentary on these is recorded, not live, so there is a weird reality lapse where the real Hope rasp fades into the taped Hope rasp.
Goon, but not forgotten
Using the Beatles (upon whom Milligan, Sellers, Secombe and the man we are about to meet were such a crucial, if neglected, influence) as a template, posterity cut fourth Goon Michael Bentine a deal midway between Ringo Starr’s and Pete Best’s. His substantial contribution to the first three Goon Show radio series might have been largely overlooked, but his 1970s children’s TV series Michael Bentine’s Potty Time would introduce many an impressionable child of a later generation to the madness and grandeur of war (albeit at a comfortably surreal remove, via epic battle scene reconstructions starring a clan of small imaginary creatures called The Potties, and with little bits of sand blown into the air to signify explosions).
In ‘From the Ridiculous to the Paranormal’, an autobiographical one-man show he puts on at the Shaftesbury Avenue Lyric Theatre in the same week as Hope’s Royal Albert Hall date, Bentine refers to being born English as ‘first prize in the lottery of life’. His wartime experiences – after being refused entry to the RAF eleven times on account of his half-Peruvian parentage, Bentine was arrested as a deserter; he then contracted typhoid, typhus and tetanus as a result of a bungled inoculation – suggest otherwise in the strongest possible terms. But Bentine’s capacity for laughing in the face of adversity seems to be more or less infinite. Now suffering from cancer, he describes this as his farewell appearance (which it ultimately turns out to be), yet still leaves the stage with a grin. Goon, but not forgotten.
For those who have grown up thinking of The Goon Show as something Prince Charles likes which has a lot of silly voices in it, the idea that it actually represented a revolutionary overturning of the established order will necessarily take a bit of getting to grips with. But when the historian Peter Hennessy called The Goons ‘a kind of decade-long “other ranks” revenge on the Empire and its officer class’, he was not talking out of his hat. And Observer jazz critic Dave Gelly’s analogy between the impact of Milligan, Bentine and co. and that of the 1951 Festival of Britain was not far off the mark either: ‘The festival laid out the future pattern for architecture, town planning and design…while the Goons set about reducing to rubble the redundant edifice of British imperial smugness.’37
As ex-servicemen united in their hatred of bureaucracy and time-wasting officialdom, the four men honing their act after hours at the Grafton Arms in Victoria’s Strutton Ground in the aftermath of the war had more than just bad memories of unfeeling superior officers in common. First off, being forced to do things you don’t want to do, in a confined space, in company you would not necessarily have chosen, has always been one of the most fertile breeding grounds for comedy (and would continue to be so long after The Goons were demobbed, from Porridge to Father Ted to The Office).
But beyond that, Spike Milligan’s personal experience of wartime as an expansion of mental as well as physical horizons does not seem to have been an isolated one. ‘Going abroad was a bonus in their lives,’ he wrote fondly of his fellow Gunners, ‘even though it took a war to give it to them.’
Spike Milligan, Pauline Scudamore’s fascinating biography, describes the impact of his first wartime posting to Bexhill-on-Sea. Far from alarm at being snatched from home and hearth and prepared for the possibility of violent death, Milligan’s chief response seems to have been one of exultation at unexpectedly rediscovering those senses of space and creative possibility which had been steadily closing down since late adolescence, when his family returned from Burma (where his father had been a noncommissioned officer in the colonial army) to the grim, grey world of pre-war Catford.
Escaping from the pettiness of 1940s south-east London38 into a life of endless new experiences and constant physical danger, he found himself blessed with a dramatically heightened awareness of the world around him. ‘His sense of the ridiculous began to bubble in earnest,’ writes Scudamore of Milligan’s experiences in the North African campaign (so memorably detailed in war memoirs such as Rommel: Gunner Who? and Monty: His Part In My Victory): ‘what had war to do with all this beauty?’
Having got into the battalion concert party by means of his facility with a jazz trumpet, Milligan found himself expanding the element of knockabout banter in his musical performances into anarchic full-scale revue shows such as Stand Easy. In much the same way that Dadaist art had been underpinned by the horrors of the First World War trenches, these early comedic forays were inspired by the madness unfolding around him. ‘It was pure lunacy, no rhyme or reason in it,’ Spike later observed to Scudamore, ‘it was meant to be pointless, just like the war.’
The traumatic experiences under fire which would haunt him for the rest of his life would find a clear therapeutic echo in the regular bomb blasts and deranged sound effects of The Goon Show. ‘By creating a world where explosions hurt no one,’ Goon Show Companion compiler Roger Wilmut wrote sympathetically, ‘he made his own memories of the reality more bearable.’
The impact of wartime experience was not always so explicit. Hancock’s Half Hour and Steptoe & Son writers Galton and Simpson were originally recruited to the septic ranks of professional comedy scribes from a pneumonia ward. But Tony Hancock, a.k.a. The Lad Himself – the fellow ‘NAAFI comedian’ with whom Spike Milligan would later share a disastrous barge holiday (they couldn’t agree on which pubs to stop at) – never saw any action scarier than the concert party in Bournemouth.
Back in Civvy Street, the ex-soldiers’ battle-hardened irreverence would often rub up uneasily against those stuffy institutions – most notably the BBC – which had yet to reflect the impact of post-war social changes. The Goons, in Milligan’s subsequent assessment, were ‘trying to break into satire’. (They ‘could have beaten the fringe by ten years’, he insisted to Pauline Scudamore, had the producers of the time not ‘all been frightened out of their fucking jobs’.)
Peter Sellers ‘could do any voice of any politician in the land’, Milligan boasted, ‘the Queen included…and that made us lethal’. Yet archaic restrictions on the representation of living people forced them to hide behind such diplomatic formulations as Dinglebee for the prime minister and Lady Bold De Speedswell for the Queen.
The unsympathetic attitude of BBC bureaucrats would drive Milligan up to and, eventually (when the pressure of writing all the Goon Show scripts on his own caused him to attack Peter Sellers with a kitchen knife), over the brink of nervous collapse. However, the next generation of would-be TV satirists would be able to rely – at least in one case – on more sympathetic treatment from the corporation’s top brass. And in this instance, the lapse into military terminology is not inappropriate.
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