Durante las últimas décadas, la promesa de igualdad y su búsqueda han sido una constante en las prácticas, las normas y la reflexión jurídicas, lo que reafirma que ni el Estado ni los individuos deben decidir o realizar acciones discriminatorias guiadas por prejuicios y estigmatizaciones. De ahí que nuestras democracias consideren irrazonables y prohíban aquellos requisitos que puedan restringir el goce de derechos constitucionales: una estatura mínima para ejercer la docencia, determinada apariencia física para obtener un empleo o pautas de edad, género o nacionalidad para acceder a cargos en la función pública. Sin embargo, los remedios con que pretende contrarrestar el trato arbitrario ¿contribuyen realmente a desterrar las situaciones de desigualdad estructural que condenan a mujeres, personas con discapacidad, minorías raciales, ancianos o pobres a la exclusión perpetua y transgeneracional?

En este notable libro, Roberto Saba despliega análisis de las constituciones de América Latina, el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y la doctrina de las cortes supremas estadounidense y argentina, para proponer una concepción inédita en el campo del derecho, en cuanto considera la igualdad como no subordinación de grupos. Desde esta perspectiva, los órganos de justicia deben involucrarse en la exigencia de espacios fundamentales para la vida de la comunidad: sus decisiones tienen que tomar en consideración al conjunto de ciudadanos cuyos derechos se ven afectados, en vez de limitarse a casos individuales.

El autor analiza el modo en que ese nuevo paradigma de igualdad puede regular no sólo la acción del Estado, sino también las relaciones entre particulares (como sucede con los contratos o el derecho de asociación) y los estándares para la decisión judicial. A la vez, propone que los tribunales se involucren en el reclamo de políticas públicas que desmantelen las situaciones en que normas y prácticas del Estado –y de los particulares– someten a ciertos grupos.

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«Más allá de la igualdad formal ante la ley», Roberto Saba benzeri kitaplar