En su juventud, Antonio, que era egipcio e hijo de acaudalados campesinos, se sintió conmovido por las palabras de Jesús, que le llegaron en el marco de una celebración eucarística: «Si quieres ser perfecto, ve y vende todo lo que tienes y dalo a los pobres…».

Así lo hizo el rico heredero, reservando sólo parte para una hermana, a la que entregó, parece, al cuidado de unas vírgenes consagradas.

Llevó inicialmente vida apartada en su propia aldea, pero pronto se marchó al desierto, adiestrándose en las prácticas eremíticas junto a un cierto Pablo, anciano experto en la vida solitaria.

En su busca de soledad y persiguiendo el desarrollo de su experiencia, llegó a fijar su residencia entre unas antiguas tumbas. ¿Por qué esta elección? Era un gesto profético, liberador. Los hombres de su tiempo -como los de nuestros días – temían desmesuradamente a los cementerios, que creían poblados de demonios. La presencia de Antonio entre los abandonados sepulcros era un claro mentís a tales supersticiones y proclamaba, a su manera, el triunfo de la resurrección. Todo -aún los lugares que más espantan a la naturaleza humana – es de Dios, que en Cristo lo ha redimido todo; la fe descubre siempre nuevas fronteras donde extender la salvación.

Pronto la fama de su ascetismo se propagó y se le unieron muchos fervorosos imitadores, a los que organizó en comunidades de oración y trabajo. Dejando sin embargo esta exitosa obra, se retiró a una soledad más estricta en pos de una caravana de beduinos que se internaba en el desierto.

No sin nuevos esfuerzos y desprendimientos personales, alcanzó la cumbre de sus dones carismáticos, logrando conciliar el ideal de la vida solitaria con la dirección de un monasterio cercano, e incluso viajando a Alejandría para terciar en las interminables controversias arriano-católicas que signaron su siglo.

Sobre todo, Antonio, fue padre de monjes, demostrando en sí mismo la fecundidad del Espíritu. Una multisecular colección de anécdotas, conocidas como «apotegmas» o breves ocurrencias que nos ha legado la tradición, lo revela poseedor de una espiritualidad incisiva, casi intuitiva, pero siempre genial, desnuda como el desierto que es su marco y sobre todo implacablemente fiel a la sustancia de la revelación evangélica. Se conservan algunas de sus cartas, cuyas ideas principales confirman las que Atanasio le atribuye en su «Vida».

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«Cartas de San Antonio del Desierto», San Antonio Abad benzeri kitaplar