Kitabı oku: «Latin Phrase-Book», sayfa 2

9. Year – Seasons

praeterito anno (not praeterlapso) – in the past year.

superiore, priore anno– last year.

proximo anno– (1) last year; (2) next year.

insequenti(e) anno (not sequente) – in the following year.

anno ³³ peracto, circumacto, interiecto, intermisso– after a year has elapsed.

anno vertente– in the course of the year.

initio anni, ineunte anno– at the beginning of the year.

exeunte, extremo anno– at the end of the year.

singulis annis, diebus– year by year; day by day.

quinto quoque anno– every fifth year.

ad annum– a year from now.

amplius sunt (quam) viginti anni or viginti annis– it is more than twenty years ago.

viginti anni et amplius, aut plus– twenty years and more.

abhinc (ante) viginti annos or viginti his annis– twenty years ago.

quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi– I have not seen you for five years.

quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest– he has been absent five years.

anno ab urbe condita quinto– in the fifth year from the founding of the city.

commutationes temporum quadripartitae– the succession of the four seasons.

verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore– in spring, summer, autumn, winter time.

ineunte, primo vere– at the beginning of spring.

ver appetit– spring is approaching.

suavitas verni temporis– the charms of spring.

summa aestate, hieme– in the height of summer, depth of winter.

hiems subest– winter is at hand.

hiemem tolerare– to bear the winter.

anni descriptio– the division of the year (into months, etc.)

annus (mensis, dies) intercalaris– the intercalary year (month, day).

fasti– the calender (list of fasts and festivals).

10. Day – Divisions of the Day

ante lucem– before daybreak.

prima luce– at daybreak.

luce (luci)– in full daylight.

ubi illuxit, luxit, diluxit– when it was day.

lucet– it is daylight.

diluculo– in the morning twilight.

advesperascit– evening is drawing on.

die, caelo vesperascente– when it is growing dusk; towards evening.

multus dies or multa lux est– the day is already far advanced.

ad multam noctem– till late at night.

de nocte, de die– while it is still night, day.

multa de nocte– late at night.

intempesta, concubia nocte– in the dead of night; at midnight.

silentio noctis– in the silence of the night.

vicissitudines dierum noctiumque– the succession of day and night.

noctes diesque, noctes et dies, et dies et noctes, dies noctesque, diem noctemque– night and day.

tempus matutīnum, meridianum, vespertinum, nocturnum– morning, noon, evening, night.

tempora matutina– the morning hours.

in dies (singulos)– from day to day.

in diem vivere– to live from day to day.

alternis diebus– every other day.

quattuor dies continui– four successive days.

unus et alter dies– one or two days.

dies unus, alter, plures intercesserant– one, two, several days had passed, intervened.

diem proferre (Att. 13. 14) – to adjourn, delay.

biduo serius ³⁴– two days late.

horā citius– an hour too soon.

postridie qui fuit dies Non. Sept. (Nonarum Septembrium) (Att. 4. 1. 5) – on the day after, which was September 5th.

hodie qui est dies Non. Sept.; cras qui dies futurus est Non. Sept.– to-day the 5th of September; tomorrow September the 5th.

dies hesternus, hodiernus, crastinus– yesterday, to-day, tomorrow.

diem dicere colloquio– to appoint a date for an interview.

ad diem constitutam– at the appointed time.

diem videre, cum…– to live to see the day when…

dies dolorem mitigabit– time will assuage his grief.

quota hora est?– what time is it?

tertia hora est– it is the third hour (= 9 A.M.)

ad horam compositam– at the time agreed on.

III. Parts of the Human Body

omnibus artubus contremiscere– to tremble in every limb.

aures claudere, patefacere (e.g. veritati, assentatoribus) – to turn a deaf ear to, to open one's ears to…

aures praebere alicui– to listen to a person.

aures alicuius obtundere or simply obtundere (aliquem)– to din a thing into a person's ears.

in aurem alicui dicere (insusurrare) aliquid– to whisper something in a person's ears.

ad aures alicuius (not alicui) pervenire, accidere– to come to some one's ears.

aures erigere– to prick up one's ears.

oratio in aures influit– his words find an easy hearing, are listened to with pleasure.

aures elegantes, teretes, tritae (De Or. 9. 27) – a fine, practised ear.

neque auribus neque oculis satis consto– I am losing my eyesight and getting deaf.

caput aperire (opp. operire) – to uncover one's head.

capite aperto (opp. operto) – bare-headed.

capite obvoluto– with head covered.

caput demittere– to bow one's head.

caput praecīdere– to cut off a man's head.

caput ³⁵ parieti impingere– to strike one's head against the wall.

cervices (in Cic. only in plur.) frangere alicui or alicuius– to break a person's neck.

gladius cervicibus impendet– a sword hangs over his neck.

hostis ³⁶ in cervicibus alicuius est– the foe is at our heels, is upon us.

promittere crinem, barbam– to grow one's hair, beard long.

passis crinibus– with dishevelled hair.

capilli horrent– his hair stands on end.

capilli compti, compositi (opp. horridi) – well-ordered, well-brushed hair.

extremis digitis aliquid attingere– to touch with the fingertips.

frontem contrahere (opp. explicare) – to frown.

frontem ferire, percutere– to beat one's brow.

in fronte alicuius inscriptum est– one can see it in his face.

ab alicuius latere non discedere– to be always at a person's side.

a latere regis esse– to belong to the king's bodyguard.

manum (dextram) alicui porrigere– to give one's hand to some one.

manum non vertere alicuius rei causa ³⁷– to make not the slightest effort; not to stir a finger.

manus inicere, inferre, afferre alicui– to lay violent hands on a person.

manus tollere– to raise one's hands in astonishment.

manus dare– to own oneself conquered, surrender.

manu ducere aliquem– to lead some one by the hand.

manu or in manu tenere aliquid– to hold something in one's hand.

in manibus habere aliquid (also metaphorically) – to have something in one's hands, on hand.

de manu in manus or per manus tradere aliquid– to pass a thing from hand to hand.

ex or de manibus alicui or alicuius extorquere aliquid– to wrest from a person's hand.

e manibus dimittere– to let go from one's hands.

in alicuius manus venire, pervenire– to come into some one's hands.

in alicuius manus incidere– to fall unexpectedly into some one's hands.

in manus(m) sumere aliquid– to take something into one's hands.

in manibus ³⁸ aliquem gestare– to carry in one's arms.

e (de) manibus effugere,³⁹ elābi– to slip, escape from the hands.

inter manus auferre aliquem– to carry some one away in one's arms.

compressis manibus sedere (proverb.) (Liv. 7. 13) – to sit with folded arms; to be inactive.

mordicus tenere aliquid– to hold fast in the teeth (also metaphorically, obstinately).

oculos conicere in aliquem– to turn one's gaze on; to regard.

oculos circumferre– to look in every direction.

in omnes partes aciem (oculorum) intendere– to gaze intently all around.

omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere– to draw every one's eyes upon one.

omnium animos or mentes in se convertere– to attract universal attention.

conspici, conspicuum esse aliqua re– to make oneself conspicuous.

oculos (aures, animum⁴⁰) advertere ad aliquid– to turn one's eyes (ears, attention) towards an object.

oculi in vultu alicuius habitant– his eyes are always fixed on some one's face.

oculos figere in terra and in terram– to keep one's eyes on the ground.

oculos pascere aliqua re (also simply pasci aliqua re) – to feast one's eyes with the sight of…

oculos deicere, removere ab aliqua re– to turn one's gaze away from an object.

oculos operire (morienti) ⁴¹– to close the eyes of a dying person.

oculorum aciem alicui praestringere (also simply praestringere) – to dazzle a person.

oculos, lumina amittere– to lose one's sight.

oculis privare aliquem– to deprive a person of his eyes.

luminibus orbare aliquem– to deprive a person of his eyes.

oculis captum esse ⁴² (vid. sect. IV. 6., note auribus, oculis…) – to be blind.

ante oculos aliquid versatur– something presents itself to my vision.

oculis, ante oculos (animo) proponere aliquid– to picture a thing to oneself; to imagine.

ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite– picture to yourselves the circumstances.

cernere et videre aliquid– to see clearly, distinctly.

oculis mentis videre aliquid– to see with the mind's eye.

in oculis aliquem ferre– to cherish as the apple of one's eye.

aliquis est mihi in oculis– to cherish as the apple of one's eye.

abire ex oculis, e conspectu alicuius– to go out of sight, disappear.

venire in conspectum alicuius– to come in sight.

se in conspectum dare alicui– to show oneself to some one.

fugere alicuius conspectum, aspectum– to keep out of a person's sight.

in conspectu omnium or omnibus inspectantibus– before every one, in the sight of the world.

omnia uno aspectu, conspectu intueri– to take in everything at a glance.

non apparere– to have disappeared.

pedibus obterere, conculcare– to trample under foot.

ad pedes alicuius accidere– to fall at some one's feet.

ad pedes alicuius se proicere, se abicere, procumbere, se prosternere– to throw oneself at some one's feet.

ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre)– to prostrate oneself before a person.

quod ante pedes est or positum est, non videre– to fail to see what lies before one.

sanguine manare, redundare– to drip blood; to be deluged with blood.

vultum fingere– to dissemble, disguise one's feelings.

vultus ficti simulatique– a feigned expression.

vultum componere ad severitatem– to put on a stern air.

vultum non mutare– to keep one's countenance, remain impassive.

IV. Properties of the Human Body

1. Feelings – Sensations – Powers

sensus sani, integri, incorrupti– sound, unimpaired senses.

sensibus praeditum esse– to be endowed with sense.

sensu audiendi carere– not to possess the sense of hearing.

sub sensum or sub oculos, sub aspectum cadere– to come within the sphere of the senses.

sensibus or sub sensus subiectum esse– to come within the sphere of the senses.

sensibus percipi– to be perceptible to the senses.

res sensibus or oculis subiectae (De Fin. 5. 12. 36) – the world of sense, the visible world.

res quas oculis cernimus– the world of sense, the visible world.

res externae– the world of sense, the visible world.

sensus movere (more strongly pellere) – to make an impression on the senses.

aliquid sensus suaviter afficit– a thing makes a pleasant impression on the senses.

aliquid sensus iucunditate perfundit– a thing makes a pleasant impression on the senses.

pulsu externo, adventicio agitari– to be affected by some external impulse, by external impressions.

sevocare mentem a sensibus (De Nat. D. 3. 8. 21) – to free one's mind from the influences of the senses.

aliquid a sensibus meis abhorret– something offends my instincts, goes against the grain.

vires corporis or merely vires– bodily strength.

vires colligere– to gain strength.

vires aliquem deficiunt– to lose strength.

dum vires suppetunt– as long as one's strength holds out.

bonis esse viribus– to be robust, vigorous.

pro viribus or pro mea parte– as well as I can; to the best of my ability.

pro virili parte ⁴³ (cf. sect. V. 22.) – as well as I can; to the best of my ability.

2. Birth – Life

in lucem edi– to see the light, come into the world.

ei, propter quos hanc lucem aspeximus– those to whom we owe our being.

tollere ⁴⁴ or suscipere liberos– to accept as one's own child; to make oneself responsible for its nurture and education.

aliquem in liberorum loco habere– to treat as one's own child.

sexus (not genus) virilis, muliebris– the male, female sex.

patre, (e) matre natus– son of such and such a father, mother.

Cato Uticensis ortus erat a Catone Censorio– Cato of Utica was a direct descendant of Cato the Censor.

originem ab aliquo trahere, ducere– to trace one's descent from some one.

Romae natus, (a) Roma oriundus– a native of Rome.

cuias es– what country do you come from?

natione, genere Anglus– an Englishman by birth.

ortus ab Anglis or oriundus ex Anglis– a native of England.

urbs patria or simply patria– native place.

animam, spiritum ducere– to breathe, live.

aera spiritu ducere– to breathe the air.

animam continere– to hold one's breath.

cursu exanimari (B.G. 2. 23. 1) – to run till one is out of breath.

spiritum intercludere alicui– to suffocate a person.

in vita esse– to be alive.

vita or hac luce frui– to enjoy the privilege of living; to be alive.

vitam beatam (miseram) degere– to live a happy (unhappy) life.

vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere– to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning).

dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo– as long as I live.

si vita mihi suppeditat ⁴⁵– if I live till then.

si vita suppetit– if I live till then.

quod reliquum est vitae– the rest of one's life.

vitae cursum or curriculum⁴⁶ conficere– to finish one's career.

Homerus fuit ⁴⁷ multis annis ante Romam conditam– Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome.

3. Time of Life

(The terms for the different ages of man are infans, puer, adulescens, iuvenis, senior, senex, grandis natu.)

ea aetate, id aetatis esse– to be of such and such an age.

a puero (is), a parvo (is), a parvulo (is)– from youth up.

a teneris unguiculis (ἐξ ἁπαλων ὀνύχων) (Fam. 1. 6. 2) – from one's cradle, from one's earliest childhood.

ab ineunte (prima) aetate (De Or. 1. 21. 97) – from one's entry into civil life.

ex pueris excedere– to leave one's boyhood behind one, become a man.

flos aetatis– the prime of youthful vigour.

aetate florere, vigere– to be in the prime of life.

integra aetate esse– to be in the prime of life.

adulescentia deferbuit– the fires of youth have cooled.

aetate progrediente– with advancing years.

aetate ingravescente– with the weight, weakness of declining years.

aetas constans, media, firmata, corroborata (not virilis) – manhood.

grandior factus– having reached man's estate.

corroborata, firmata aetate– having reached man's estate.

sui iuris factum esse– to have become independent, be no longer a minor.

aetate provectum esse (not aetate provecta) – to be advanced in years.

longius aetate provectum esse– to be more advanced in years.

grandis natu– aged.

aetate affecta esse– to be infirm through old age.

vires consenescunt– to become old and feeble.

senectute, senio confectum esse– to be worn out by old age.

exacta aetate mori– to die at a good old age.

ad summam senectutem pervenire– to live to a very great age.

senectus nobis obrēpit– old age creeps on us insensibly.

admodum adulescens, senex– still quote a young (old) man.

extrema aetas– the last stage of life, one's last days.

extremum tempus aetatis– the last stage of life, one's last days.

vita occidens– the evening of life.

aequalem esse alicuius– to be a contemporary of a person.

maior (natu)– the elder aetate alicui antecedere, anteire– to be older than.

quot annos natus es?– how old are you?

qua aetate es?– how old are you?

tredecim annos natus sum– I am thirteen years old.

tertium decimum annum ago– I am in my thirteenth year.

puer decem annorum– a boy ten years old.

decimum aetatis annum ingredi– to be entering on one's tenth year.

decem annos vixisse– to be ten years old.

decimum annum excessisse, egressum esse– to be more than ten years old, to have entered on one's eleventh year.

minorem esse viginti annis– to be not yet twenty.

tum habebam decem annos– I was ten years old at the time.

centum annos complere– to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred.

vitam ad annum centesimum perducere– to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred.

accessio paucorum annorum– the addition of a few years.

tertiam iam aetatem videre– to be middle-aged (i. e. between thirty and forty).

in aetatem alicuius, in annum incidere– to happen during a person's life, year of office.

omnium suorum or omnibus suis superstitem esse– to outlive, survive all one's kin.

homines qui nunc sunt (opp. qui tunc fuerunt) – our contemporaries; men of our time.

homines huius aetatis, nostrae memoriae– our contemporaries; men of our time.

posteri– posterity.

scriptores aetate posteriores or inferiores– later writers.

4. Hunger – Thirst

esurire– to be hungry.

fame laborare, premi– to be tormented by hunger, to be starving.

famem tolerare, sustentare– to endure the pangs of hunger.

inediā mori or vitam finire– to starve oneself to death.

fame confici, perire, interire– to die of starvation.

fame necari– to be starved to death (as punishment).

famem, sitim explere– to allay one's hunger, thirst.

famem sitimque depellere cibo et potione– to allay one's hunger, thirst.

siti cruciari, premi– to suffer agonies of thirst.

sitim colligere– to become thirsty.

sitim haustu gelidae aquae sedare– to slake one's thirst by a draught of cold water.

famis et sitis ⁴⁸ patientem esse– to be able to endure hunger and thirst.

5. Laughter – Tears

risum edere, tollere ⁴⁹– to begin to laugh.

cachinnum tollere, edere– to burst into a roar of laughter.

risum movere, concitare– to raise a laugh.

risum elicere (more strongly excutere) alicui– to make a person laugh.

risum captare– to try and raise a laugh.

risum tenere vix posse– to be scarcely able to restrain one's laughter.

risum aegre continere posse– to be scarcely able to restrain one's laughter.

aliquid in risum vertere– to make a thing ridiculous, turn it into a joke.

lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere– to burst into a flood of tears.

in lacrimas effundi or lacrimis perfundi– to be bathed in tears.

lacrimis obortis– with tears in one's eyes.

multis cum lacrimis– with many tears.

magno cum fletu– with many tears.

lacrimas tenere non posse– to be hardly able to restrain one's tears.

fletum cohibere non posse– to be hardly able to restrain one's tears.

vix mihi tempero quin lacrimem– to be hardly able to restrain one's tears.

vix me contineo quin lacrimem– to be hardly able to restrain one's tears.

lacrimas or fletum alicui movere– to move to tears.

prae lacrimis loqui non posse– to be unable to speak for emotion.

gaudio lacrimare– to weep for joy.

hinc illae lacrimae (proverb.) (Ter. And. 1. 1. 99; Cael. 25. 61) – hence these tears; there's the rub.

lacrimula (Planc. 31. 76) – crocodiles' tears.

lacrimae simulatae– crocodiles' tears.

6. Health – Sickness

bona (firma, prospera) valetudine ⁵⁰ esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti…) – to enjoy good health.

valetudini consulere, operam dare– to take care of one's health.

firma corporis constitutio or affectio– a good constitution.

infirma, aegra valetudine esse or uti– to be ill, weakly.

in morbum incidit– he fell ill.

aegrotare coepit– he fell ill.

morbo tentari or corripi– to be attacked by disease.

morbo afflīgi– to be laid on a bed of sickness.

lecto teneri– to be confined to one's bed.

vehementer, graviter aeogratare, iacēre– to be seriously ill.

gravi morbo affectum esse, conflictari, vexari– to be seriously ill.

leviter aegrotare, minus valere– to be indisposed.

aestu et febri iactari– to have a severe attack of fever.

omnibus membris captum esse ⁵¹– to be affected by disease in every limb; to be paralysed.

ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse– to have the gout.

pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit– the plague breaks out in the city.

animus relinquit aliquem– a man loses his senses, becomes unconscious.

morbus ingravescit ⁵²– the disease gets worse.

morbo absūmi (Sall. Iug. 5. 6) – to be carried off by a disease.

assidēre aegroto (Liv. 25. 26) – to watch by a sick man's bedside.

aegrotum curare– to treat as a patient (used of a doctor).

curationes– method of treatment.

aegrotum sanare (not curare) – to cure a patient.

ex morbo convalescere (not reconvalescere) – to recover from a disease.

e gravi morbo recreari or se colligere– to recruit oneself after a severe illness.

melius ei factum est– he feels better.

valetudinem (morbum) excusare ⁵³ (Liv. 6. 22. 7) – to excuse oneself on the score of health.

valetudinis excusatione uti– to excuse oneself on the score of health.