Kitabı oku: «Latin Phrase-Book», sayfa 4

10. Riches – Want – Poverty

divitiis, copiis abundare– to be rich, wealthy.

magnas opes habere– to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence.

opibus maxime florere– to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence.

omnibus opibus circumfluere– to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence.

fortunis maximis ornatum esse– to be in the enjoyment of a large fortune.

in omnium rerum abundantia vivere– to live in great affluence.

aliquem ex paupere divitem facere– to raise a man from poverty to wealth.

inopia alicuius rei laborare, premi– to suffer from want of a thing.

ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi– to be reduced to (abject) poverty.

vitam inopem sustentare, tolerare– to earn a precarious livelihood.

in egestate esse, versari– to live in poverty, destitution.

vitam in egestate degere– to live in poverty, destitution.

in summa egestate or mendicitate esse– to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar.

stipem colligere– to beg alms.

stipem (pecuniam) conferre– to contribute alms.

11. Utility – Advantage – Harm – Disadvantage

usui or ex usu esse– to be of use.

utilitatem afferre, praebere– to be serviceable.

multum (nihil) ad communem utilitatem afferre– to considerably (in no way) further the common good.

aliquid in usum suum conferre– to employ in the furtherance of one's interests.

omnia ad suam utilitatem referre– to consider one's own advantage in everything.

rationibus alicuius prospicere or consulere (opp. officere, obstare, adversari) – to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare.

commodis alicuius servire– to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare.

commoda alicuius tueri– to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare.

meae rationes ita tulerunt– my interests demanded it.

fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re ⁷²– to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing.

fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me– (great) advantage accrues to me from this.

aliquid ad meum fructum redundat– I am benefited by a thing.

quid attinet? with Infin. – what is the use of?

cui bono?– who gets the advantage from this? who is the interested party?

damnum (opp. lucrum) facere– to suffer loss, harm, damage.⁷³

damno affici– to suffer loss, harm, damage.

detrimentum capere, accipere, facere– to suffer loss, harm, damage.

iacturam ⁷⁴ alicuius rei facere– to throw away, sacrifice.

damnum inferre, afferre alicui– to do harm to, injure any one.

damnum ferre– to know how to endure calamity.

incommodo afficere aliquem– to inconvenience, injure a person.

incommodis mederi– to relieve a difficulty.

damnum or detrimentum sarcire (not reparare) – to make good, repair a loss or injury.

damnum compensare cum aliqua re– to balance a loss by anything.

res repetere– to demand restitution, satisfaction.

res restituere– to give restitution, satisfaction.

12. Goodwill – Kindness – Inclination – Favour

benevolo animo esse in aliquem– to be well-disposed towards…

benevolentiam habere erga aliquem– to be well-disposed towards…

benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliare or colligere (ex aliqua re)– to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces.

benevolentiam alicui praestare, in aliquem conferre– to show kindness to…

benevolentia aliquem complecti or prosequi– to show kindness to…

gratiosum esse alicui or apud aliquem– to be popular with; to stand well with a person.

in gratia esse apud aliquem– to be popular with; to stand well with a person.

multum valere gratia apud aliquem– to be highly favoured by; to be influential with…

florere gratia alicuius– to be highly favoured by; to be influential with…

gratiam inire ab aliquoor apud aliquem– to gain a person's esteem, friendship.

in gratiam alicuius venire– to gain a person's esteem, friendship.

gratiam alicuius sibi quaerere, sequi, more strongly aucupari– to court a person's favour; to ingratiate oneself with…

studere, favere alicui– to look favourably upon; to support.

studiosum esse alicuius– to look favourably upon; to support.

propenso animo, studio esse or propensa voluntate esse in aliquem (opp. averso animo esse ab aliquo) – to look favourably upon; to support.

alicui morem gerere, obsequi– to comply with a person's wishes; to humour.

alicuius causa ⁷⁵ velle or cupere– to be favourably disposed towards.

gratum (gratissimum) alicui facere– to do any one a (great) favour.

se conformare, se accommodare ad alicuius voluntatem– to accomodate oneself to another's wishes.

alicuius voluntati morem gerere– to accomodate oneself to another's wishes.

se convertere, converti ad alicuius nutum ⁷⁶– to take one's directions from another; to obey him in everything.

totum se fingere et accommodare ad alicuius arbitrium et nutum– to be at the beck and call of another; to be his creature.

voluntatemor animum alicuius a se abalienare, aliquem a se abalienare or alienare– to become estranged, alienated from some one.

13. Benefit – Gratitude – Recompense

beneficium alicui dare, tribuere– to do any one a service or kindness.

beneficio aliquem afficere, ornare– to do any one a service or kindness.

beneficia in aliquem conferre– to heap benefits upon…

beneficiis aliquem obstringere, obligare, devincire– to lay any one under an obligation by kind treatment.

beneficium remunerari or reddere (cumulate)– to (richly) recompense a kindness or service.

gratus (opp. ingratus) animus⁷⁷– gratitude.

gratiam alicui debere– to owe gratitude to; to be under an obligation to a person.

gratiam alicui habere– to feel gratitude (in one's heart).

gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re– to show gratitude (in one's acts).

gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re– to thank a person (in words).

grates agere (dis immortalibus)– to give thanks to heaven.

gratiam mereri– to merit thanks; to do a thankworthy action.

par pari referre– to return like for like.

paria paribus respondere– to return like for like.

bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre– to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for.

benefacta maleficiis pensare– to return evil for good.

maleficia benefactis remunerari– to return good for evil.

pro maleficiis beneficia reddere– to return good for evil.

14. Merit – Value – Reward

bene, praeclare (melius, optime) mereri ⁷⁸ de aliquo– to deserve well at some one's hands; to do a service to…

male mereri de aliquo– to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly.

meritum alicuius in or erga aliquem– what a man merits at another's hands.

nullo meo merito– I had not deserved it.

ex, pro merito– according to a man's deserts.

multum (aliquid) alicui rei tribuere– to consider of importance; to set much (some) store by a thing.

multum alicui tribuere– to value, esteem a person.

praemiis (amplissimis, maximis) aliquem afficere ⁷⁹– to remunerate (handsomely).

meritum praemium alicui persolvere– to reward a man according to his deserts.

praemium exponere or proponere– (to encourage) by offering a reward.

praemium ponere– to offer a prize (for the winner).

palmam deferre, dare alicui– to award the prize to…

palmam ferre, auferre– to win the prize.

pacta merces alicuius rei– the stipulated reward for anything.

mercede conductum esse– to be hired, suborned.

15. Requests – Wishes – Commissions – Orders

orare et obsecrare aliquem– to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests.

magno opere, vehementer, etiam atque etiam rogare aliquem– to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests.

precibus aliquem fatigare– to importune with petitions.

supplicibus verbis orare– to crave humbly; to supplicate.

precibus obsequi– to grant a request.

alicui petenti satisfacere, non deesse– to accede to a man's petitions.

magnis (infimis) precibus moveri– to be influenced by, to yield to urgent (abject) entreaty.

negare, more strongly denegare alicui aliquid– to refuse, reject a request.

petenti alicui negare aliquid– to refuse, reject a request.

repudiare, aspernari preces alicuius– to refuse, reject a request.

nihil tibi a me postulanti recusabo– I will refuse you nothing.

aliquid ab aliquo impetrare– to gain one's point with any one.

optata mihi contingunt– my wishes are being fulfilled.

voluntati alicuius satisfacere, obsequi– to satisfy a person's wishes.

ex sententia– as one would wish; to one's mind.

aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi…) – to wish prosperity to an undertaking.

bene id tibi vertat!– I wish you all success in the matter.

mandatum, negotium alicui dare– to entrust a matter to a person; to commission.

negotium ad aliquem deferre– to entrust a matter to a person; to commission.

mandatum exsequi, persequi, conficere– to execute a commission.

iussa (usually only in plur.), imperata facere– to carry out orders

16. Friendship – Enmity – Reconciliation (cf. xii. 8)

amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere– to form a friendship with any one.

amicitiam colere– to keep up, foster a connection.

uti aliquo amico– to be friendly with any one.

est or intercedit mihi cum aliquo amicitia– I am on good terms with a person.

sunt or intercedunt mihi cum aliquo inimicitiae⁸⁰– I am on bad terms with a person.

uti aliquo familiariter– to be on very intimate terms with…

artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse– to be bound by the closest ties of friendship.

vetustate amicitiae coniunctum esse– to be very old friends.

amicitiam alicuius appetere– to court a person's friendship.

in amicitiam alicuius recipi– to gain some one's friendship; to become intimate with.

ad alicuius amicitiam se conferre, se applicare– to gain some one's friendship; to become intimate with.

aliquem (tertium) ad (in) amicitiam ascribere– to admit another into the circle of one's intimates.

amicitiam renuntiare– to renounce, give up a friendship.

amicitiam dissuere, dissolvere, praecīdere– to renounce, give up a friendship.

amicissimus meus or mihi– my best friend.

homo intimus, familiarissimus mihi– my most intimate acquaintance.

inimicitias gerere, habere, exercere cum aliquo– to be at enmity with a man.

inimicitias cum aliquo suscipere– to make a person one's enemy.

inimicitias deponere– to lay aside one's differences.

aequi iniqui– friend and foe.

placare aliquem alicui or in aliquem– to reconcile two people; to be a mediator.

reconciliare alicuius animum or simply aliquem alicui– to reconcile two people; to be a mediator.

in gratiam aliquem cum aliquo reducere– to reconcile two people; to be a mediator.

in gratiam cum aliquo redire– to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel.

sibi aliquem, alicuius animum reconciliare or reconciliari alicui– to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel.

17. Authority – Dignity (cf. xiv. 3)

magna auctoritate esse– to possess great authority; to be an influential person.

auctoritate valere or florere– to possess great authority; to be an influential person.

magna auctoritas est in aliquo– to possess great authority; to be an influential person.

multum auctoritate valere, posse apud aliquem– to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight.

magna auctoritas alicuius est apud aliquem– to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight.

alicuius auctoritas multum valet apud aliquem– to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight.

auctoritatem or dignitatem sibi conciliare, parare– to gain dignity; to make oneself a person of consequence.

ad summam auctoritatem pervenire– to attain to the highest eminence.

auctoritatem alicuius amplificare (opp. imminuere, minuere) – to increase a person's dignity.

auctoritati, dignitati alicuius illudere– to insult a person's dignity.

dignitas est summa in aliquo– to be in a dignified position.

summa dignitate praeditum esse– to be in a dignified position.

aliquid alienum (a) dignitate sua or merely a se ducere– to consider a thing beneath one's dignity.

aliquid infra se ducere or infra se positum arbitrari– to consider a thing beneath one's dignity.

18. Praise – Approval – Blame – Reproach

laudem tribuere, impertire alicui– to praise, extol, commend a person.

laude afficere aliquem– to praise, extol, commend a person.

(maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid– to praise, extol, commend a person.

eximia laude ornare aliquem– to praise, extol, commend a person.

omni laude cumulare aliquem– to overwhelm with eulogy.

laudibus aliquem (aliquid) in caelum ferre, efferre, tollere– to extol, laud to the skies.

alicuius laudes praedicare– to spread a person's praises.

aliquem beatum praedicare– to consider happy.

omnium undique laudem colligere– to win golden opinions from every one.

maximam ab omnibus laudem adipisci– to win golden opinions from every one.

aliquid laudi alicui ducere, dare– to consider a thing creditable to a man.

aliquem coram, in os or praesentem laudare– to praise a man to his face.

recte, bene fecisti quod…– you were right in…; you did right to…

res mihi probatur– a thing meets with my approval.

res a me probatur– I express my approval of a thing.

hoc in te reprehendo (not ob eam rem) – I blame this in you; I censure you for this.

vituperationem subire– to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed.

in vituperationem, reprehensionem cadere, incidere, venire– to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed.

exprobrare alicui aliquid– to reproach a person with…

aliquid alicui crimini dare, vertere– to reproach a person with…

conqueri, expostulare cum aliquo de aliqua re– to expostulate with a person about a thing.

19. Rumour – Gossip – News – Mention

rumor, fama, sermo est or manat– report says; people say.

rumor, fama viget– a rumour is prevalent.

fama serpit (per urbem)– a report is spreading imperceptibly.

rumor increbrescit– a report, an impression is gaining ground.

rumorem spargere– to spread a rumour.

famam dissipare– to spread a rumour.

dubii rumores afferuntur ad nos– vague rumours reach us.

auditione et fama accepisse aliquid– to know from hearsay.

fando aliquid audivisse– to know from hearsay.

ex eo audivi, cum diceret– I heard him say…

vulgo dicitur, pervulgatum est– every one says.

in ore omnium or omnibus (hominum or hominibus, but only mihi, tibi, etc.) esse– to be in every one's mouth.

per omnium ora ferri– to be in every one's mouth.

in ore habere aliquid (Fam. 6. 18. 5) – to harp on a thing, be always talking of it.

efferre or edere aliquid in vulgus– to divulge, make public.

foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare– to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things).

in sermonem hominum venire– to be a subject for gossip.

in ora vulgi abire– to be a subject for gossip.

fabulam fieri– to be the talk of the town, a scandal.

nuntio allato or accepto– on receiving the news.

Romam nuntiatum est, allatum est– news reached Rome.

certiorem facere aliquem (alicuius rei or de aliqua re) – to inform a person.

mentionem facere alicuius rei or de aliqua re⁸¹– to mention a thing.

mentionem inicere de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf. – to mention a thing incidentally, casually.

in mentionem alicuius rei incidere– to mention a thing incidentally, casually.

mentio alicuius rei incidit– to mention a thing incidentally, casually.

20. Fame – Reputation

gloriam, famam sibi comparare– to gain distinction.

gloriam (immortalem) consequi, adipisci– to win (undying) fame.

gloriae, laudi esse– to confer distinction on a person; to redound to his credit.

laudem afferre– to confer distinction on a person; to redound to his credit.

gloria, laude florere– to be very famous, illustrious.

summa gloria florere– to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence.

clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere– to become famous, distinguish oneself.

gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire– to become famous, distinguish oneself.

aliquem immortali gloria afficere– to confer undying fame on, immortalise some one.

aliquem sempiternae gloriae commendare– to confer undying fame on, immortalise some one.

immortalitatem consequi, adipisci, sibi parere– to attain eternal renown.

gloria duci– to be guided by ambition.

laudis studio trahi– to be guided by ambition.

laudem, gloriam quaerere– to be guided by ambition.

stimulis gloriae concitari– to be spurred on by ambition.

gloriae, laudis cupiditate incensum esse, flagrare– to be consumed by the fires of ambition.

de gloria, fama alicuius detrahere– to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.

alicuius gloriae or simply alicui obtrectare– to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.

alicuius famam, laudem imminuere– to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.

obscurare alicuius gloriam, laudem, famam ⁸² (not obscurare aliquem) – to render obscure, eclipse a person.

famae servire, consulere– to have regard for one's good name.

famam ante collectam tueri, conservare– to live up to one's reputation.

bene, male audire (ab aliquo)– to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of.

bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo– to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of.

famam crudelitatis subire (Catil. 4. 6. 12) – to gain the reputation of cruelty.

infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere– to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour.

infamem facere aliquem– to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour.

magnam sui famam relinquere– to leave a great reputation behind one.

opinionem virtutis habere– to have the reputation of virtue.

existimatio ⁸³ hominum, omnium– the common opinion, the general idea.

21. Honour – Disgrace – Ignominy

esse in honore apud aliquem– to be honoured, esteemed by some one.

honorem alicui habere, tribuere– to honour, show respect for, a person.

aliquem honore afficere, augere, ornare, prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi…) – to honour, show respect for, a person.

aliquem cupiditate honorum inflammare (or aliquem ad cupiditatem honorum inflammare) – to kindle ambition in some one's mind.

honores concupiscere (opp. aspernari) – to aspire to dignity, high honours.

honoris causa aliquem nominare or appellare– to speak of some one respectfully.

statuam alicui ponere, constituere– to set up a statue in some one's honour.

aliquem colere et observare (Att. 2. 19) – to pay respect to, be courteous to a person.

aliquem ignominia afficere, notare– to inflict an indignity upon, insult a person.

alicui ignominiam inurere– to inflict an indignity upon, insult a person.

infamiam concipere, subire, sibi conflare– to incur ignominy.

vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere– to sully one's fair fame.

notam turpitudinis alicui or vitae alicuius inurere– to injure a man's character, tarnish his honour.

ignominiam non ferre– to chafe under an indignity, repudiate it.

maculam (conceptam) delere, eluere– to blot out a reproach.

22. Effort – Industry – Labour – Exertion

studiose (diligenter, enixe, sedulo, maxime) dare operam, ut…– to take great pains in order to…

egregiam operam (multum, plus etc. operae) dare alicui rei– to expend great labour on a thing.

operam alicui rei tribuere, in aliquid conferre– to expend great labour on a thing.

operam (laborem, curam) in or ad aliquid impendere– to expend great labour on a thing.

multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re– to exert oneself very energetically in a matter.

studium, industriam (not diligentiam) collocare, ponere in aliqua re– to apply oneself zealously, diligently to a thing.

incumbere in (ad) aliquid– to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing.

opus ⁸⁴ facere (De Senect. 7. 24) – to do work (especially agricultural).

opus aggredi– to take a task in hand, engage upon it.

ad opus faciendum accedere– to take a task in hand, engage upon it.

res est multi laboris et sudoris– the matter involves much labour and fatigue.

desudare et elaborare in aliqua re (De Senect. 11. 38) – to exert oneself very considerably in a matter.

labori, operae non parcere– to spare no pains.

laborem non intermittere– to work without intermission.

nullum tempus a labore intermittere– not to leave off work for an instant.

lucubrare (Liv. 1. 57) – to work by night, burn the midnight oil.

inanem laborem suscipere– to lose one's labour.

operam (et oleum) perdere or frustra consumere– to lose one's labour.

rem actam or simply actum agere (proverb.) – to have all one's trouble for nothing.

labore supersedēre (itineris) (Fam. 4. 2. 4) – to spare oneself the trouble of the voyage.

patiens laboris– capable of exertion.

fugiens laboris– lazy.

operae pretium est (c. Inf.) – it is worth while.

acti labores iucundi (proverb.) – rest after toil is sweet.

contentionem adhibere– to exert oneself.

omnes nervos ⁸⁵ in aliqua re contendere– to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.

omnibus viribusor nervis contendere, ut– to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.

omni ope atque opera or omni virium contentione eniti, ut– to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.

contendere et laborare, ut– to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.

pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut– to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.