Kitabı oku: «Latin Phrase-Book», sayfa 7
13. Agreement – Contradiction
consentire, idem sentire cum aliquo– to agree with a person.
dissentire, dissidere ab or cum aliquo– to disagree with a person.
omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt– all agree on this point.
una et consentiens vox est– all are unanimous.
una voce; uno ore– unanimously.
uno, communi, summo or omnium consensu (Tusc. 1. 15. 35) – unanimously.
re concinere, verbis discrepare– to agree in fact but not in word.
hoc convēnit inter nos– we have agreed on this point.
hoc mihi tecum convēnit (Att. 6. 1. 14) – I agree with you there.
quī convenit?– how is this consistent? how are we to reconcile this…?
summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio) – the learned men are most unanimous in…
constantia (opp. inconstantia) (Tusc. 5. 11. 32) – consistency.
inter se pugnare or repugnare– to be mutually contradictory.
secum pugnare (without sibi); sibi repugnare (of things) – to contradict oneself, be inconsistent.
a se dissidere or sibi non constare (of persons) – to contradict oneself, be inconsistent.
pugnantia loqui (Tusc. 1. 7. 13) – to make contradictory, inconsistent statements.
dicere contra aliquem or aliquid (not contradicere alicui) – to contradict some one.
14. Particular Sciences (History – Mythology – Chronology – Geography – Mathematics – Natural Science – Astronomy)
res Romanae 127– Roman history (i. e. the events in it).
res gestae Romanorum– Roman history (i. e. the events in it).
historia– history (as a science).
historia Romana 128 or rerum Romanarum historia– Roman history (i. e. the exposition, representation of it by writers).
memoria rerum Romanarum– Roman history (as tradition).
historiam (-as) scribere– to write a history.
res populi Romani perscribere– to write a history of Rome.
rerum scriptor 129– an historian.
rerum auctor (as authority) – an historian.
evolvere historias, litterarum (veterum annalium) monumenta– to study historical records, read history.
memoriae traditum est, memoriae (memoria) proditum est (without nobis) – tradition, history tells us.
tradunt, dicunt, ferunt– they say; it is commonly said.
accepimus 130– we know; we have been told.
historiae prodiderunt (without nobis) – history has handed down to us.
apud rerum scriptores scriptum videmus, scriptum est– we read in history.
duplex est memoria de aliqua re– a twofold tradition prevails on this subject.
rerum veterum memoria– ancient history.
memoria vetus (Or. 34. 120) – ancient history.
veterum annales– ancient history.
veterum annalium monumenta– ancient history.
antiquitatis memoria– ancient history.
recentioris aetatis memoria– modern history.
memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum)– the history of our own times; contemporary history.
nostra memoria (Cael. 18. 43) – the history of our own times; contemporary history.
omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria– universal history.
memoriam annalium or temporum replicare– to consult history.
aetas heroica 131 (Tusc. 5. 3. 7) – the mythical period, the heroic age.
tempora heroica (N. D. 3. 21. 54) – the mythical period, the heroic age.
fabulae, historia fabularis– mythology.
repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus– to go back to the remote ages.
ut a fabulis ad facta veniamus– to pass from myth to history.
historicorum fide contestata memoria– historic times.
historiae, rerum fides– historic truth.
narrare aliquid ad fidem historiae– to give a veracious and historic account of a thing.
res historiae fide comprobata– an acknowledged historical fact.
incorrupta rerum fides– genuine historical truth.
ad historiam (scribendam) se conferre or se applicare– to devote oneself to writing history.
homo in historia diligens– a conscientious historian.
memoriam rerum gestarum (rerum Romanarum) tenere– to be well versed in Roman history.
domestica (externa) nosse– to be acquainted with the history of one's own land.
temporum ratio, descriptio, ordo– chronology.
temporum ordinem servare– to observe the chronological order of events.
servare et notare tempora– to observe the chronological order of events.
res temporum ordine servato narrare– to narrate events in the order of their occurrence.
temporibus errare (Phil. 2. 9. 23) – to make a chronological mistake.
ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare– to calculate the date of an event.
diligentem esse in exquirendis temporibus– to be exact in calculating dates.
terrarum or regionum descriptio (geographia)– geography.
Africae situm paucis exponere– to give a brief exposition of the geography of Africa.
regionum terrestrium aut maritimarum scientia– geographical knowledge.
mathematica (-ae) or geometria (-ae), geometrica (-orum) (Tusc. 1. 24. 57) – mathematics.
mathematicorum ratione concludere aliquid– to draw a mathematical conclusion.
formas (not figuras) geometricas describere– to draw geometrical figures.
se conferre ad naturae investigationem– to devote oneself to the study of a natural science.
astrologia (pure Latin sidera, caelestia) – astronomy.
spectator siderum, rerum caelestium or astrologus132– an astronomer.
arithmetica 133 (-orum) – arithmetic.
numeri (-orum)– arithmetic.
bis bina quot sint non didicisse– to be absolutely ignorant of arithmetic.
15. Art in General
artis opus; opus arte factum or perfectum– a work of art.
opus summo artificio 134 factum– a master-piece of classical work.
opus omnibus numeris absolutum– a master-piece of classical work.
artem exercere– to follow an artistic profession, practise an art.
artem tradere, docere– to teach an art.
artem profiteri– to profess an art.
artium (liberalium) studium, or simply studium– a taste for the fine arts.
artis praecepta, or also simply ars– the rules of art; aesthetics.
(artis, artium) intellegens, peritus 135 (opp. idiota, a layman) – a connoisseur; a specialist.
existimator (doctus, intellegens, acerrimus)– a (competent, intelligent, subtle) critic.
in existimantium arbitrium venire (Brut. 24. 92) – to come before the tribunal of the critics.
iudicium facere– to criticise.
sensum, iudicium habere– to be a man of taste.
elegantia in illo est– he possesses sound judgment in matters of taste.
iudicium subtile, elegans, exquisitum, intellegens– good taste; delicate perception.
iudicium acuere– to cultivate one's powers of criticism.
abhorrere ab artibus (opp. delectari artibus) – to have no taste for the fine arts.
veritatem 136 imitari (Div. 1. 13. 23) – (1) to make a lifelike natural representation of a thing (used of the artist); (2) to be lifelike (of a work of art).
in omni re vincit imitationem veritas– in everything nature defies imitation.
aliquid ad verum exprimere– to make a copy true to nature.
morum ac vitae imitatio– a lifelike picture of everyday life.
aliquid e vita ductum est– a thing is taken from life.
16. Poetry – Music – Painting – Sculpture
poema condere, facere, componere– to write poetry.
versus facere, scribere– to write poetry.
carmina , versus fundere (De Or. 3. 50) – to write poetry with facility.
carmen epicum– epic poetry.
poeta epicus– an epic, heroic poet.
poesis scaenica– dramatic poetry.
poeta scaenicus– a dramatic poet.
scriptor tragoediarum, comoediarum, also (poeta) tragicus, comicus137– a writer of tragedy, comedy.
scriptor fabularum 138– a writer of fables.
divino quodam instinctu concitari, ferri (Div. 1. 31. 66) – to feel inspired.
divino quodam spiritu inflatus or tactus– inspired.
carmen, versum agere– to recite a poem, line with appropriate action.
carmen recitare– to read a piece of verse with expression.
carmen pronuntiare– to recite a piece of verse (without gestures).
carmen inconditum– a rough poem; an extempore effusion.
se conferre ad poesis studium– to devote oneself to poetry.
poetica laude florere– to be distinguished as a poet.
poesis genus ad Romanos transferre– to transplant to Rome one of the branches of poesy.
alicuius laudes versibus persequi– to sing the praises of some one (not canere aliquem)
alicuius laudes (virtutes) canere– to sing the praises of some one (not canere aliquem)
alicuius res gestas versibus ornare, celebrare– to celebrate some one's exploits in song.
ut ait Homerus– as Homer sings (not canit).
numerus poetice vinctus– poetical rhythm.
artem musicam 139 discere, tractare– to learn, study music.
nervorum et tibiarum cantus– instrumental music.
vocum et fidium (nervorum) cantus– vocal and instrumental music.
docere aliquem fidibus– to teach some one to play a stringed instrument.
fidibus discere (De Sen. 8. 26) – to learn to play a stringed instrument.
fidibus canere– to play on the lyre.
pellere nervos in fidibus– to strike the strings of the lyre.
tibias inflare– to play the flute.
tibiis or tibiā canere– to play the flute.
ad tibiam or ad tibicinem canere– to sing to a flute accompaniment.
(homo) symphoniacus– a singer, member of a choir.
symphōnīa canit (Verr. 3. 44. 105) – the orchestra is playing.
acroāma 140– a professional performer.
modi (De Or. 1. 42. 187) – the melody.
modos facere– to compose, put to music.
numerus, numeri– the tune; rhythm.
numerose cadere– to have a rhythmical cadence.
ars pingendi, pictura (De Or. 2. 16. 69) – the art of painting.
ars fingendi– the art of sculpture.
signa et tabulae (pictae)– statues and pictures.
simulacrum e marmore facere– to make a marble statue.
statuas 141 inscribere (Verr. 2. 69. 167) – to put an inscription on statues.
17. The Drama
ars ludicra (De Or. 2. 20. 84) – the dramatic art.
fabula, ludus scaenicus– the piece; the play.
argumentum– the plot of the piece.
actio– the treatment of the piece.
actus– an act.
fabulam docere (διδάσκειν) (of the writer) (opp. fabulam discere– to study a piece, of the actor) – to get a piece played, rehearse it.
fabulam agere– to act a play (said of the actors).
fabulam edere– to bring out a play, put it on the stage (used of the man who finds the money).
fabulam dare– to produce a play (of the writer).
in scaenam producere aliquem– to introduce a character on the stage.
in scaenam prodire– to come upon the stage.
in scaenam redire– to reappear on the stage.
de scaena decedere– to retire from the stage.
in scaenam aliquid inducere– to bring a thing upon the stage.
familia, grex, caterva histrionum– a theatrical company.
dominus gregis– the manager.
theatrum 142– the playhouse.
theatra reclamant– the spectators protest.
populum facilem, aequum habere– to have an appreciative audience.
plaudere (not applaudere) – to applaud, clap a person.
plausum dare (alicui)– to applaud, clap a person.
clamores (coronae) facere, excitare– to elicit loud applause.
saepius revocatur (Liv. 7. 2. 9) – he is encored several times.
fabulam exigere (Ter. Andr. Pol.) – to hiss a play.
fabula cadit– a piece is a failure, falls flat.
histrionem exsibilare, explodere, eicere, exigere– to hiss an actor off the stage.
histrioni acclamare 143– to interrupt an actor by hooting him.
partes agere alicuius 144– to play the part of some one.
agere servum, lenonem– to act the rôle of a slave, pander.
actor primarum (secundarum, tertiarum) partium– the actor who plays the leading part.
tragoedia or fabula Antigona (not Antigona trag. or fab.) – the Antigone.
in Sophoclis (not Sophoclea) Aiace or apud Sophoclem in Aiace– in Sophocles' Ajax.
caterva, chorus– the Chorus in Tragedy.
carmen chori, canticum– a choric ode in a tragedy.
loci melici– the lyric portions of a tragedy.
diverbium– stage dialogue.
canticum– a choric ode.
ludi circenses, scaenici– performances in the circus; theatrical perfomances.
ludos apparare– to institute games.
ludos facere, edere (Iovi)– to give public games in honour of Jupiter.
ludos instaurare– to revive public games.
munus gladiatorium edere, dare (or simply munus edere, dare) – to give a gladiatorial show.
gladiatores dare– to give a gladiatorial show.
familia 145 gladiatoria (Sest. 64. 134) – a band, troupe of gladiators under the management of a lanista.
ludus gladiatorius– a school for gladiators.
gladiatoribus (Att. 2. 19. 3) – at the gladiatorial games.
celebritas ludorum– crowded games.
magnificentia ludorum– sumptuous public games.
ludi apparatissimi– sumptuous public games.
ludi Olympia (not ludi Olympici), Pythia– the Olympian, Pythian games.
Olympia vincere (Ολύμπια νικαν) – to win a prize at the Olympian games.
ludi gymnici– gymnastic contests.
certamina gymnica– gymnastic contests.
stadium currere (Off. 3. 10. 42) – to run a foot-race.
VIII. Speech and Writing
1. Speech in General
ars dicendi– the art of speaking; oratory.
ad dicendum se conferre– to devote oneself to oratory.
dicendi 146 praecepta tradere– to teach rhetoric.
rhetor, dicendi magister– a teacher of rhetoric.
facultas dicendi– oratorical talent.
natum, factum esse ad dicendum– to be a born orator.
facilem et expeditum esse ad dicendum (Brut. 48. 180) – to be a ready, fluent speaker.
rudem, tironem ac rudem (opp. exercitatum) esse in dicendo– to be an inexperienced speaker.
disertum esse (De Or. 1. 21. 94) – to be fluent.
eloquentem esse (De Or. 1. 21. 94) – to be a capable, finished speaker.
eloquentia valere– to be very eloquent.
dicendi arte florere– to be very eloquent.
eloquentiae laude florere– to be a distinguished orator.
vis dicendi– oratorical power.
multum dicendo valere, posse– to have great weight as a speaker.
eloquentiae principatum tenere– to be considered the foremost orator.
primum or principem inter oratores locum obtinere– to be considered the foremost orator.
oratorum principem esse– to be considered the foremost orator.
orationem conficere– to compose a speech.
orationem commentari (Fam. 16. 26) – to prepare, get up a speech.
oratio meditata (Plin. 26. 3. 7) – a prepared speech.
subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere– to speak extempore.
oratio subita– an extempore speech.
oratio perpetua– a continuous discourse.
oratio accurata 147 et polita– a carefully prepared speech.
oratio composita– an elaborate speech.
contentio (opp. sermo) (Off. 2. 48) – pathetic address; emotional language.
copiose dicere– to speak very fluently.
ornate dicere– to speak well, elegantly.
libere dicere (Verr. 2. 72. 176) – to speak frankly, independently.
plane, aperte dicere– to speak openly, straightforwardly.
perspicue, diserte dicere– to speak in clear, expressive language.
missis ambagibus dicere– to speak without circumlocution.
accommodate ad persuadendum dicere– to be a persuasive speaker.
aggredi ad dicendum 148– to come forward to make a speech; to address the house.
verba facere apud 149 populum, in contione– to address a meeting of the people.
in contionem (in rostra) escendere 150 (only of Romans) – to mount the rostra.
orationem habere (Tusc. 5. 33. 94) – to make a speech.
initium dicendi facere– to begin to speak.
finem dicendi facere– to cease speaking.
perorare– (1) to make one's peroration; (2) to deliver the closing speech (in a case where several speeches have been made).
animos audientium permovere, inflammare– to make an impression on one's audience.
animos tenere– to rivet the attention of…
audientiam sibi (orationi) facere– to obtain a hearing.
solutum et expeditum esse ad dicendum– to be never at a loss for something to say.
lingua promptum esse– to have a ready tongue.
celeritas in respondendo– readiness in debate, in repartee.
bonis lateribus 151 esse– to have good lungs.
linguae solutio– volubility.
2. Style – Expression
genus dicendi (scribendi); oratio 152– style.
genus dicendi grave or grande, medium, tenue153 (cf. Or. 5. 20; 6. 21) – elevated, moderate, plain style.
fusum orationis genus– a running style.
inconditum dicendi genus (Brut. 69. 242) – a rough, unpolished style.
inflatum orationis genus– a bombastic style.
oratio altius exaggerata– a bombastic style.
elatio atque altitudo orationis– the exalted strain of the speech.
exsurgere altius or incitatius ferri– to take a higher tone (especially of poets and orators).
magnifice loqui, dicere– (1) to speak vehemently, passionately; (2) to speak pompously, boastfully.
magniloquentia, granditas verborum– pathos; passion.
tragoediae– tragic pathos.
expedita et facile currens oratio– an easy, fluent style.
oratio aequabiliter fluens– an easy, fluent style.
flumen 154 orationis (De Or. 2. 15. 62) – flow of oratory.
siccitas, sanitas orationis– the plain style.
verborum tenuitias, oratio subtilis– the plain style.
oratio exilis, ieiuna, arida, exsanguis– the dry, lifeless style.
ornatus orationis, verborum– well-chosen language, grace of style.
elegantia orationis– tasteful description.
oratio pura, pura et emendata– pure, correct language.
integritas, sinceritas orationis (not puritas) – purity of style.
oratio inquinata 155 (De Opt. Gen. Or. 3. 7) – incorrect language.
orationes Catonis antiquitatem redolent (Brut. 21. 82) – Cato's speeches sound archaic.
ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent– there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse.
oratio soluta (not prosa) or simply oratio– prose.
oratio numerose cadit– his style has a well-balanced cadence.
numeris orationem astringere, vincire– to make a speech rhythmical.
lumina, flores dicendi (De Or. 3. 25. 96) – flowers of rhetoric; embellishments of style.
sententias (verbis) explicare, aperire– to explain one's sentiments.
sententiae reconditae ex exquisitae (Brut. 97. 274) – profound sentiments.
ubertas (not divitiae) et copia orationis– a full and copious style of speech.
crebritas or copia (opp. inopia) sententiarum or simply copia– richness of ideas.
sententiis abundans 156 or creber (opp. sententiis inanis) – rich in ideas.
adumbrare aliquid (Or. 14. 43) – to roughly sketch a thing.
exprimere aliquid verbis or oratione (vid. sect. VI. 3, note adumbrare…) – to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of a thing.
exponere aliquid or de aliqua re– to give an account of a thing (either orally or in writing).
sententiae inter se nexae– the connection.
perpetuitas verborum– the connection.
contextus orationis (not nexus, conexus sententiarum) – the connection.
ratio sententiarum– the connection of thought.
ratio, qua sententiae inter se excipiunt.– the connection of thought.
vitam alicuius exponere– to give an account of a man's life.
vitam alicuius depingere– to make a sketch of a man's life.
de ingenio moribusque alicuius exponere– to make a character-sketch of a person.
summo colore aliquid illustrare– to depict a thing in lively colours.
ante oculos ponere aliquid– to bring a thing vividly before the eyes.
oculis or sub oculos, sub aspectum subicere aliquid– to represent a thing vividly.
rerum sub aspectum paene subiectio (De Or. 3. 53. 202) – graphic depiction.
perlustrare, lustrare oculis aliquid– to scrutinise, examine closely.
sic exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res (non quasi narretur)– to represent a thing dramatically.
aliquem disputantem facere, inducere, fingere (est aliquid apud aliquem disputans)– to introduce a person (into a dialogue) discoursing on…
in uno conspectu ponere aliquid– to give a general idea of a thing.
sub unum aspectum subicere aliquid– to give a general idea of a thing.
in brevi conspectu ponere aliquid– to make a short survey of a thing.
uno conspectu videre aliquid– to have a general idea of a thing.
breviter tangere, attingere aliquid– to touch briefly on a thing.
strictim, leviter tangere, attingere, perstringere aliquid– to make a cursory mention of a thing; to mention by the way (not obiter or in transcursu).
quasi praeteriens, in transitu attingere aliquid– to make a cursory mention of a thing; to mention by the way (not obiter or in transcursu).
res summas attingere– to dwell only on the main points.
summatim aliquid exponere– to dwell only on the main points.
multa verba facere– to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully.
multum, nimium esse (in aliqua re) (De Or. 2. 4. 17) – to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully.
pluribus verbis, copiosius explicare, persequi 157 aliquid– to give a full, detailed account of a thing.
fusius, uberius, copiosius disputare, dicere de aliqua re– to speak at great length on a subject, discuss very fully.
breviter, paucis explicare aliquid– to explain a matter briefly, in a few words (not paucis verbis).
rem paucis absolvere (Sall. Iug. 17. 2) – to explain a matter briefly, in a few words (not paucis verbis).
rebus ipsis par est oratio– the circumstances are described in language worthy of them.
rebus verba respondent– the circumstances are described in language worthy of them.
copiam quam potui persecutus sum– I have exhausted all my material.
verbis non omnia exsequi posse– to be unable to say all one wants.
in medium proferre aliquid– to bring a subject forward into discussion.
in medio ponere (proponere)– to publish, make public.
silentio praeterire (not praetermittere) aliquid– to pass over in silence.
significare aliquem or aliquid– to allude to a person or thing (not alludere).
significatione appellare aliquem– to allude to a person or thing (not alludere).
describere aliquem (Cael. 20. 50) – to allude to a person or thing (not alludere).
leviter significare aliquid– to hint vaguely at a thing.
ordine narrare, quomodo res gesta sit– to detail the whole history of an affair.
dicendo ornare aliquid– to embellish a narrative.
rhetorice, tragice ornare aliquid (Brut. 11. 43) – to add rhetorical, dramatic embellishments to a subject.
digressus, digressio, egressio– a digression, episode.
quod ornandi causa additum est– a digression, episode.
includere in orationem aliquid– to interpolate, insert something.
inserere orationi aliquid– to interpolate, insert something.
interponere aliquid (De Am. 1. 3) – to interpolate, insert something.
dicendo augere, amplificare aliquid (opp. dicendo extenuare aliquid) – to lend lustre to a subject by one's description.
in maius ferre, in maius extollere aliquid– to exaggerate a thing.
in maius accipere aliquid– to overestimate a thing.
digredi (a proposito) (De Or. 2. 77. 311) – to digress, deviate.
studio alicuius rei provectus sum– my zeal for a thing has led me too far.
longe, alte (longius, altius) repetere (either absolute or ab aliqua re) – to go a long way back (in narrative).
oratio longius repetita (De Or. 3. 24. 91) – a rather recondite speech.
accedere ad cotidiani sermonis genus– to adopt the language of everyday life.
ad vulgarem sensum or ad communem opinionem orationem accommodare (Off. 2. 10. 35) – to express oneself in popular language.
