Kitabı oku: «Latin Phrase-Book», sayfa 8
3. Delivery – Voice
actio (Brut. 38) – delivery.
pronuntiatio 158 c. Gen. – artistic delivery; declamation.
actio paulum claudicat 159– the delivery is rather halting, poor.
haerere, haesitare (Catil. 2. 6. 13) – to stop short, hesitate.
perturbari, permoveri– to be nervous, embarrassed.
de scripto orationem 160 habere, dicere (opp. sine scripto, ex memoria) – to read a speech.
interpellare aliquem (dicentem)– to interrupt.
vox magna, clara (Sulla 10. 30) – a strong, loud voice.
vox gravis, acuta, parva, mediocris– a deep, high, thin, moderate voice.
vox canōra (Brut. 63. 234) – a melodious, ringing voice.
vox lenis, suppressa, summissa– a gentle, subdued voice.
vocem mittere (sonitum reddere of things) – to speak, utter a sound.
vocem summittere– to lower one's voice.
contentio, remissio vocis– raising, lowering the voice.
vocem intercludere (Just. 11. 8. 4) – to prevent some one from speaking.
nulla vox est ab eo audita– no sound passed his lips.
magna voce clamare– to shout at the top of one's voice.
clamorem tollere (Liv. 3. 28) – to raise a shout, a cry.
gestum (always in the sing.) agere– to gesticulate.
4. Subject-Matter – Argument
non habeo argumentum scribendi– I have nothing to write about.
deest mihi argumentum ad scribendum (Att. 9. 7. 7) – I have nothing to write about.
non habeo, non est quod scribam– I have nothing to write about.
res (opp. verba) mihi suppetit– I have abundance to say.
materia mihi crescit– my subject grows as I write.
res componere ac digerere– to arrange and divide the subject-matter.
dispositio rerum (De Inv. 1. 7. 9) – the arrangement of the subject-matter.
materia rerum et copia uberrima– abundance of material.
infinita et immensa materia– abundance of material.
materiem ad ornatum praebere– to afford matter for elaboration, embellishment.
id quod (mihi) propositum est– a theme, subject proposed for discussion.
res proposita– a theme, subject proposed for discussion.
id quod quaerimus (quaeritur)– a theme, subject proposed for discussion.
institutum or id quod institui– a theme, subject proposed for discussion.
a proposito aberrare, declinare, deflectere, digredi, egredi– to digress from the point at issue.
ad propositum reverti, redire– to come back to the point.
ad rem redire– to come back to the point.
sed redeat, unde aberravit oratio– but to return from the digression we have been making.
sed ad id, unde digressi sumus, revertamur– but to return from the digression we have been making.
verum ut ad id, unde digressa est oratio, revertamur– but to return from the digression we have been making.
mihi propositum est c. Inf. (or mihi proposui, ut) – the task I have put before myself is…
ponere– to propose, set a theme.
ponere alicui, de quo disputet– to set some one a theme for discussion.
ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1) – to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion.
5. Question – Answer
quaestionem ponere, proponere– to propose a subject of debate, put a question.
quaestionem poscere (Fin. 2. 1. 1) – to get a question submitted to one.
hoc loco exsistit quaestio, quaeritur– at this point the question arises.
nunc id quaeritur, agitur– the question now is…
res, de qua nunc quaerimus, quaeritur– the question at issue.
magna quaestio est (followed by an indirect question) – it is a difficult point, disputed question.
quaerendum esse mihi visum est– the question has forced itself on my mind.
quaestionem solvere– to decide, determine a question.
quaestio ad exitum venit– the question has been settled.
ad interrogata respondere 161– to answer questions.
bene interrogare– to cross-examine cleverly, put leading questions.
percontanti non deesse (De Or. 1. 21. 97) – to answer every question.
responsum ab aliquo ferre, auferre– to extract an answer from some one.
respondere in hanc sententiam 162– to answer to this effect.
6. Humour – Earnest
ioco uti (Off. 1. 29. 103) – to make a joke.
haec iocatus sum, per iocum dixi– I said it in jest.
animo prompto esse ad iocandum– to be humorously inclined.
extra iocum, remoto ioco (Fam. 7. 11. 3) – joking apart.
facete dicere– to be witty.
facetiis uti, facetum esse– to make witty remarks.
facete et commode dicere – to indulge in apt witticisms.
breviter et commode dictum– a short, pointed witticism.
facete dictum– a witticism, bon mot.
arcessitum dictum (De Or. 2. 63. 256) – a far-fetched joke.
dicta dicere in aliquem– to make jokes on a person.
aspergere sales orationi (Or. 26. 87) – to intersperse one's speech with humorous remarks.
aliquid ad ridiculum convertere– to make a joke of a thing.
(homo) ridiculus (Plaut. Stich. 1. 3. 21) – a wit; a joker.
lepos in iocando– humour.
iucunde esse (Deiot. 7. 19) – to be in a good temper.
se dare iucunditati– to let oneself be jovial.
sibi displicere (opp. sibi placere) – to be in a bad temper.
ioca et seria agere– to be now jesting, now in earnest.
serio dicere (Plaut. Bacch. 1. 1. 42) – to say in earnest…
severitatem adhibere– to show that one is serious.
ineptum esse (De Or. 2. 4. 17) – to be silly, without tact.
nimium diligentem esse 163– to be pedantic.
7. Language – Use of Language – Translation – Grammar
lingua graeca latinā locupletior (copiosior, uberior) est– the Greek language is a richer one than the Latin.
commercium linguae– intercourse of speech.
volubilitas, solutio linguae– volubility.
vitium orationis, sermonis or simply vitium– a mistake, solecism.
saepe (crebro, multa) peccavit, erravit, lapsus est– he has made several mistakes.
eiusdem linguae societate coniunctum esse cum aliquo (De Or. 3. 59. 223) – to be united by having a common language.
orationis expertem esse– to be unable to express one's ideas.
sermo patrius (Fin. 1. 2. 4) – native tongue; vernacular.
consuetudo sermonis, loquendi– to usage of language.
cotidiani sermonis usus– the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech.
communis sermonis consuetudo– the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech.
sermo familiaris et cotidianus– the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech.
aliquid a consuetudine sermonis latini abhorret, alienum est– the expression is not in accordance with Latin usage.
consuetudo vitiosa et corrupta (opp. pura et incorrupta) sermonis– incorrect usage.
incorrupta latini sermonis integritas 164 (Brut. 35. 132) – pure, correct Latin.
sermo latinus (opp. sermo parum latinus) (cf. sect. VII. 2., note For the use of adverbs…) – good Latin.
latine loqui (Brut. 45. 166) – (1) to speak Latin, (2) to speak good Latin (also bene latine), (3) to express oneself clearly.
graece or graeca lingua loqui– to speak the Greek language.
latinam linguam scire or didicisse– to know Latin.
latine scire– to know Latin.
latine commentari– to write treatises in Latin.
aliquid e graeco in latinum (sermonem) convertere, vertere, transferre– to translate from Greek into Latin.
Platonem vertere, convertere– to translate Plato.
ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre– to translate from Plato.
ex Platonis Phaedone haec in latinum conversa sunt– what follows has been translated into Latin from Plato's Phaedo.
aliquid (graeca) latine reddere or sermone latino interpretari– to render something into Latin.
ad verbum transferre, exprimere– to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus).
verbum e verbo exprimere– to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus).
verbum pro verbo reddere– to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus).
totidem verbis transferre– to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus).
his fere verbis, hoc fere modo convertere, transferre– to translate freely.
liber (scriptoris) conversus, translatus– the work when translated; translation (concrete).
interpretatio, translatio (not versio or conversio) – the process of translation.
interpres– the translator.
leges dicendi– the rules of speech, grammar.
praecepta 165 grammaticorum– the rules of speech, grammar.
grammaticus 166 (De Or. 1. 3. 10) – a linguist, philologian.
emendate scribere– to write correctly, in faultless style.
latine scribere 167 (Opt. Gen. Or. 2. 4) – to write good Latin.
8. Sentence – Period – Words – Proverbs – Syllables
enuntiatio, enuntiatum, sententia– the sentence, proposition.
compositio, structura verborum– the structure of the sentence.
ambitus, circuitus, comprehensio, continuatio (verborum, orationis), also simply periodus– the period.
constructio, structura verborum, forma dicendi– the construction.
adiungi, addi coniunctivo (Marc. Cap. 3. 83) – to be used with the conjunctive mood.
copia, ubertas verborum– profusion of words.
verbis abundantem esse, abundare– to be rich in words.
inopia verborum– poverty of expression.
lectissimis verbis uti (De Or. 3. 37) – to employ carefully chosen expressions.
prisca, obsoleta (opp. usitata), ambigua verba– obsolete, ambiguous expressions.
locutio (Brut. 74. 258) – a phrase.
verbo, nomine; re, re quidem vera– nominally; really.
si verba spectas– literally.
verbis alicuius, e.g. salutare (Liv. 9. 36) – in some one's name; on some one's behalf (not nomine alicuius).
haec verba sunt (Ter. Phorm. 3. 2. 32) – these are mere empty phrases.
inanis verborum sonitus– mere words; empty sound.
inanium verborum flumen– senseless rant.
flosculi, rhetorum pompa– fine, rhetorical phrases.
voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11) – to let fall an expression.
nullum (omnino) verbum facere– to not say a word.
ne verbum (without unum) quidem de aliquo facere– to say not a syllable about a person.
verba facere (de aliqua re, apud aliquem)– to speak on a subject.
verbum ex aliquo elicere– to extract a word from some one.
verbis concertare or altercari cum aliquo (B. C. 3. 19. 6) – to hold an altercation with a man.
verborum concertatio– an altercation, debate.
pauca dicere (pauca verba dicere only of the orator) – to say only a few words.
omnia verba huc redeunt– all this means to say.
nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei) – no word escaped him.
verbo parum valere (Tusc. 3. 5. 11) – to unable to find a suitable expression.
verbum prorsus nullum intellegere– not to understand a single word.
huic rei deest apud nos vocabulum– we have no expression for that.
inducere novum verbum in latinam linguam– to introduce a new word into the Latin language.
verba parere, fingere, facere– to invent, form words.
nominum interpretatio– etymology (not etymologia).
vocabulum, 168 verbum, nomen ducere ab, ex…– to form, derive a word from… (used of the man who first creates the word).
verbum ductum esse a…putare– to derive a word from… (used of an etymologist).
originem verbi repetere a…– to derive a word from… (used of an etymologist).
nomina enodare or verborum origines quaerere, indagare– to give the etymological explanation of words.
nomen amicitiae (or simply amicitia) dicitur ab amando– the word amicitia comes from amare.
in aliqua re dici– to be used in speaking of a thing.
quid significat, sonat haec vox?– what is the meaning, the original sense of this word?
quae est vis huius verbi?– what is the meaning, the original sense of this word?
quae notio or sententia subiecta est huic voci?– what is the meaning, the original sense of this word?
vis et notio verbi, vocabuli– the fundamental meaning of a word.
vox, nomen carendi or simply carere hoc significat (Tusc. 1. 36. 88) – the word carere means…
quem intellegimus sapientem?– what do we understand by "a wise man"?
quae intellegitur virtus– what do we mean by "virtue"?
quid est virtus?– what do we mean by "virtue"?
idem valere, significare, declarare– to have the same meaning.
vocabula idem fere declarantia– synonyms.
vocabulum latius patet– the word has a more extended signification.
vocabulum angustius valet– the word has a narrow meaning.
iracundiam sic (ita) definiunt, ut ulciscendi libidinem esse dicant or ut u. libido sit or iracundiam sic definiunt, ulc. libidinem– anger is defined as a passionate desire for revenge.
in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid– to take a thing in good (bad) part.
aemulatio dupliciter dicitur, ut et in laude et in vitio hoc nomen sit– the word aemulatio is employed with two meanings, in a good and a bad sense.
verba ac litteras or scriptum (legis) sequi (opp. sententia the spirit) – to hold by the letter (of the law).
hoc vocabulum generis neutri (not neutrius) est) – this word is neuter.
ordo verborum (Or. 63. 214) – the order of words.
vocabulum proprium– the proper term; a word used strictly.
verbum translatum (Or. 27. 92) – a figurative expression; a word used metaphorically.
translatio– a metaphor.
verba composita 169– well-arranged words.
verborum immutatio– a trope; metonymy.
continua translatio (Or. 27. 94) – an allegory; continuous metaphor.
simili uti– to employ a comparison, simile.
dissimulatio (Off. 1. 30. 108) – irony.
vetus (verbum) est (c. Acc. c. Inf.) – it was said long ago that…
ut est in proverbio– as the proverb says.
ut or quod or quomodo aiunt, ut or quemadmodum dicitur– as the proverb says.
in proverbii consuetudinem or simply in proverbium venire– to pass into a proverb.
proverbii locum obtinere (Tusc. 4. 16. 36) – to be used as a proverb.
hoc est Graecis hominibus in proverbio– this is a proverb among the Greeks.
bene illo Graecorum proverbio praecipitur– that Greek proverb contains an excellent lesson.
vetamur vetere proverbio– an old proverb tells us not to…
proverbium vetustate or sermone tritum (vid. sect. II. 3, note tritus…) – an old proverb which every one knows.
syllabam, litteram producere (opp. corripere) (Quintil. 9. 4. 89) – to lengthen the pronunciation of a syllable or letter.
haec vox longa syllaba terminatur, in longam syllabam cadit, exit– this word ends in a long syllable.
oriri a longa (De Or. 1. 55. 236) – to begin with a long syllable.
syllabarum auceps– a verbal, petty critic; a caviller.
verborum aucupium or captatio– minute, pedantic carping at words.
litteras exprimere (opp. obscurare) – to pronounce the syllables distinctly.
ad litteram, litterate– to the letter; literally.
litterarum 170 ordo– the alphabet.
litterae, elementa– the alphabet.
ad litteram or litterarum ordine digerere– to arrange in alphabetical order.
9. Writing – Writers – Books
litteris mandare or consignare aliquid (Acad. 2. 1. 2) – to put down in writing.
litteris persequi (vid. sect. VIII. 2, note persequi…) aliquid– to treat in writing.
scriptor (not auctor = guarantor) – the writer, author.
scribere– to take to writing, become an author.
ad scribendum or ad scribendi studium se conferre– to become a writer, embrace a literary career.
animum ad scribendum appellere, applicare– to become a writer, embrace a literary career.
librum scribere, conscribere– to write a book.
librum conficere, componere (De Sen. 1. 2) – to compose, compile a book.
librum edere (Div. 1. 3. 6) – to publish a book.
librum evolvere, volvere– to open a book.
volumen explicare– to open a book.
librum mittere ad aliquem (Fin. 1. 3. 8) – to dedicate a book to some one.
index, inscriptio 171 libri– the title of a book.
liber inscribitur 172 Laelius (Off. 2. 9. 30) – the book is entitled "Laelius".
Cicero dicit in Laelio (suo) or in eo (not suo) libro, qui inscribitur Laelius– Cicero says in his "Laelius."
est liber de…– there exists a book on…
exstat liber (notice the order of the words) – the book is still extant.
liber intercidit, periit– the book has been lost.
liber deperditus– a book which has been entirely lost sight of.
liber perditus– a lost book of which fragments (relliquiae, not fragmenta) remain.
liber qui fertur alicuius– a book which is attributed to some one.
nescio quis– an anonymous writer.
liber refertur ad nescio quem auctorem– the book is attributed to an unknown writer.
hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am.– the book treats of friendship.
libro continetur aliquid– the book contains something… (not continet aliquid).
libro scriptor complexus est aliquid– the book contains something… (not continet aliquid).
in extremo libro (Q. Fr. 2. 7. 1) – at the end of the book.
liber mihi est in manibus– to be engaged on a book.
librum in manibus habere (Acad. 1. 1. 2) – to be engaged on a book.
liber, oratio in manibus est– the book, speech can easily be obtained.
librum in manus sumere– to take up a book in one's hands.
librum de manibus ponere 173– to lay down a book (vid. sect. XII. 3, note vestem deponere…).
perpolire, limare diligenter librum, opus– to polish, finish a work with the greatest care.
extrema manus accēdit operi (active extremam manum imponere operi) – to put the finishing touch to a work.
liber accurate, diligenter scriptus– a carefully written book.
aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (not excerpere librum) – to make extracts from Cicero's writings.
aliquid in commentarios suos referre (Tusc. 3. 22. 54) – to enter a thing in one's note-book.
librum annotare, interpolare, distinguere– to furnish a book with notes, additional extracts, marks of punctuation.
se abdere in bibliothecam suam– to bury oneself in one's library.
Platonem legere, lectitare– to read Plato.
locum Platonis afferre, proferre (not citare) – to quote a passage of Plato.
scriptor hoc loco dicit– our (not noster) author tells us at this point.
Cicero loco quodam haec dicit– Cicero says this somewhere.
Platonem legere et cognoscere– to study Plato.
legendo percurrere aliquid– to read cursorily.
apud Platonem scriptum videmus, 174 scriptum est or simply est– we read in Plato.
in Platonis Phaedone scriptum est– in Plato's "Phaedo" we read.
verba, oratio, exemplum scriptoris– the text of the author (not textus).
legentes, ii qui legunt 175– the reader.
languorem, molestiam legentium animis afferre– to weary, bore the reader.
liber plenus delectationis– a very charming book.
alicuius mens in scriptis spirat– a man's soul breathes through his writings.
mendum (scripturae) (Fam. 6. 7. 1) – a clerical error, copyist's mistake.
mendose scriptum– full of orthographical errors.
labi in scribendo– to make a mistake in writing.
mendosum esse (Verr. 2. 4. 77) – (1) to make frequent mistakes in writing; (2) to be full of mistakes (speaking of a passage).
inducere verbum (Phil. 13. 19. 43) – to strike out, delete a word.
10. Letters
epistulam (litteras) dare, scribere, mittere ad aliquem– to write a letter to some one.
epistula ad Atticum data, scripta, missa or quae ad A. scripta est– a letter to Atticus.
epistulam dare alicui ad aliquem– to charge some one with a letter for some one else.
epistulam reddere alicui (Att. 5. 21. 4) – to deliver a letter to some one (used of the messenger).
epistularum commercium– correspondence.
litterae missae et allatae– correspondence.
colloqui cum aliquo per litteras– to correspond with some one.
litteras inter se dare et accipere– to be in correspondence with…
litteras perferre aliquo– to take a letter somewhere.
epistulam signare, obsignare– to seal, fasten a letter.
epistulam solvere, aperire, resignare (of Romans also linum incīdere) – to open a letter.
epistulam intercipere (Att. 1. 13. 2) – to intercept a letter.
epistulam deprehendere– to take forcible possession of a letter.
litteras recitare (Att. 8. 9. 2) – to read a letter aloud (in public).
litterae hoc exemplo (Att. 9. 6. 3) – a letter, the tenor of which is…
litterae in hanc sententiam or his verbis scriptae sunt– the terms, contents of the letter are as follows.
Kalendis Ianuariis Romā (dabam)– Rome, January 1st.
dies (fem. in this sense) – the date.
pater optime 176 or carissime, mi pater (vid. sect. XII. 10) – my dear father.
litteras reddere datas a. d. Kal. X. Octob.– to deliver a letter dated September 21st.
IX. The Emotions
1. Disposition – Emotion in General
animi affectio or habitus (De Inv. 2. 5) – humour; disposition.
ita 177 animo affectum esse– to be so disposed.
animos tentare (Cluent. 63. 176) – to try to divine a person's disposition.
animum alicuius or simply aliquem flectere– to make a person change his intention.
animi motus, commotio, permotio– the emotions, feelings.
aliqua re moveri, commoveri– to be moved by a thing.
alicuius animum commovere– to touch a person's heart, move him.
alicuius animum pellere– to make an impression on a person's mind.
motus excitare in animo (opp. sedare, exstinguere) – to excite emotion.
commotum or concitatum esse– to be moved, agitated.
commotum perturbatumque esse– to be greatly agitated.
alicuius mentem turbare, conturbare, perturbare– to upset a person.
quid tibi animi est?– what sort of humour are you in?
