Kitabı oku: «The Settlement Agreement. Make a repost», sayfa 4

Formally, the Union still exists. But, a certain relish of the feeling that you live in a powerful, integral state, the potential ruler of the world, among citizens is rapidly evaporating. Everything around is hopelessly strewing. Restore their former taste of existence, twist the nuts until the participants try so-called. State Emergency Committee – State Committee for the State of Emergency in August 1991. Gorbachev abstracted from what is happening in Foros (Crimea). The coup fails. December 8, 1991. The Presidents of the RSFSR, Belarus and Ukraine, under vodka and shish kebabs (and under the spetsnaz sight) sign the Belovezhskaya Agreement on the termination of the existence of the USSR (and the creation of the CIS). Mikhail Sergeyevich, still the President of the USSR (although not the General Secretary of the CPSU), has the right to challenge this decision (including by force). However, he refuses to give the order for the arrest of the presidents-accomplices; referring to the fact that the next Congress of People’s Deputies will democratically cancel this (not quite legitimate) decision. Yes, of course, groups of people’s representatives are gathering, the Supreme Court is entering the case, sluggish debate is beginning… but all this, friends, is rather confusing and uninteresting. However that may be, on December 25, 1991 the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (and, also, the heads of the eleven Union republics) adopt a declaration on the termination of the existence of the USSR. At the same time, Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev automatically loses the status of President…

The next experiment on the creation of the Earthly Paradise is coming to an end.

Personal life. Wife – Raisa Maksimovna (Titarenko), since 1953, daughter. After the death of his wife in 1999 from leukemia, Mikhail Gorbachev formed a fund named after Raisa Maksimovna. Collected for the treatment of cancer patients children, 10 million pounds sterling, are given, of course, to the Paris Foundation. Marie Curie. The remaining 100 thousand pounds are divided in half between the London and St. Petersburg oncology clinics. It is absolutely clear to Mikhail Sergeyevich that in Western Europe things are much worse with health care, and children are much more valuable than in the Russian Federation of the 1990s.

Gorbachev lives permanently in Germany (for which he saved the above-mentioned, considerable sum), in a 17-room villa (Bavaria), it happens in other countries of the Far Abroad. Yes, more, it seems, from sporting interest, than for the sake of money, he is removed in advertising Pizza Hut, Louis Vuitton (suitcases), and, also, the Austrian railways.

Some addition: both the grandfather of Mikhail Sergeyevich, hard-working peasants, were repressed (one miracle survived). His grandfather was shot by one grandfather, and his grandmother died of starvation. Approximately such a marital status – ask, for example, their own, no longer very young acquaintances, distributed throughout the former Soviet Union. Of course, the past knocks on the subconscious, whispers inaudible, and sometimes yells: “This system, all evil, sure of their own right, no one listening to people – no.”

Significant figures of the post-Soviet Russia

Boris Berezovsky, Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin, Alexy II

Boris Berezovsky

Boris Berezovsky. Birth – 1946, Moscow… study in the English (with in-depth study of the English language) special school… then at the Moscow Forestry Institute (the Faculty of Electronics and Counting and Decision Technology) … joining the Komsomol and the CPSU. In 1968—1969 years. – Work as an engineer at the Research Institute of Testing Machines, then as an engineer, research fellow, head of the Laboratory of the Institute of Control Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1973 – graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University, as well as post-graduate courses at the Institute of Management Problems, project management for the implementation of automated control systems at AvtoVAZ. 1983 (already significantly less “Soviet” year) – defense of a doctoral dissertation in the specialization “Technical Cybernetics and Information Theory” … cooperation with the newspaper “Soviet Russia”. In this period, according to Berezovsky, he is more than ever happy after all.

In 1989, already, almost post-perestroika, the interim year, Berezovsky creates “LogoVAZ” – an enterprise engaged in the sale of VAZ, withdrawn from foreign car dealerships. Since 1994, the time of the already obvious “wild capitalism” Boris Abramovich is the head of the “Automobile All-Russian Alliance” (AVVA), in general, quite successfully producing cars (in particular, declared “popular”, but, perhaps, never became them, Chevrolet Niva – “Shnyava”). The businessman’s interests are not limited to the overwhelming majority of “new Russians”, eating black caviar, buying new residential areas, and open access to elite prostitutes. The highest interest is politics, the continuation of one’s “I” in other people. In 1995, Boris Abramovich participates in the creation of Public Russian Television (ORT), and is on the board of its directors. Later he creates or acquires such socially important media as the Publishing House Kommersant, TV-6, Our Radio, Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Novye Izvestia, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Avtopilot, Molotok, Ogonyok, and others.

Since 1996, according to the general movement to possess “black gold”, Berezovsky is a member of the board of directors of Sibneft.

At the same time, BAB becomes Deputy Secretary of Security of the Russian Federation and Executive Secretary of the CIS. The businessman finances the election campaign of Boris Yeltsin, considers it possible to give many “useful advice”. For example, he (and also his accomplice, oligarch, well-known Arkady (Badri) Patkratsishvili, with their same, uncontested words) recommends the first President of the Russian Federation his longtime friend, Vladimir Putin as a successor. Councils are accepted, however, the communication between the Yeltsin family and the “gray cardinal” takes place without special sincerity. It seems that Berezovsky realizes this, and, just in case, to monitor the situation, gradually prepares the alternatives for eliminating the highest state officials from power.

In September 2001, who do not want to be eliminated in any case, the authorities of the Russian Federation are charging Berezovsky with an absentee accusation of embezzling Aeroflot’s money and are being announced for an international search. B.A.B. is at this moment abroad, where his relations with the law are also bad; and prefers, after all, to stay in the UK. Here he, in particular, writes the proclamations, which are then quoted on the Moscow radio station Ekho Moskvy (2012), such as “An Open Letter Born Not in the USSR”. The main sense – “replacement of an ineffective socio-political structure of society in a progressive way” may be relevant, but, it is indicated, my friends, clearly not the person you want to listen to.

In 2004, Berezovsky participates in the financing of the presidential campaign in Ukraine, directly directs the actions of presidential candidate Viktor Yushchenko, and his associate, Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko. The idea here is, as it were, democratic transformations in this country – which should be followed by corresponding progress in Russia. Changes in Ukraine do happen. But, apparently, by what kind of people these or those processes are being implemented – is also very important. There is democracy – power, carried out by quite conscious, principled (I add from myself – kind) citizens, and – okhlokratiya. You understand.

Berezovsky is a mystery man of the twenty-first century. This body, constantly residing in a fussy movement, rubbing its hands, is the arena of a fierce, apocalyptic struggle between good and evil.

According to some reports, Boris Abramovich is baptized in Israel, others – in Russia (after the failed assassination attempt on his person). In 2012, he announces the establishment of the “Movement of Resurrection”, and the beginning of the construction of the “Christian Democratic Revolutionary Party of Russia.” “Only the belief of citizens in fundamental Christian values – love and freedom – can save Russia … … The main consequence of the total transparency of relations between people is the inevitability of refusing to lie. This is the exorcism of the devil. The devil is a “liar and father of lies” (John 8:44). Subtlety and lies are the foundation of any authoritarian political system… The leader of the emerging new world will be the one who first perceives and implements the advanced idea – the idea of transparency, and, consequently, builds the most advanced and effective system of organizing society and the state … "– so says the entrepreneur. Specific ideas – the distribution of the English judicial system in the Russian Federation, the aesthetics of a “transparent society”, information equality (an official, an entrepreneur, an ordinary citizen – are the most important information about themselves), direct democracy, a liberal church, a confederation of regions-regions and, yes, constitutional monarchy. The citizenship of Russia is granted automatically to all those who pass the exam on the knowledge of the Russian language.

A possible candidate for the Russian throne is Russian more than Nicholas II, Prince Harry – whose great-grandmother, by the way, is the Greek queen, Olga Konstantinovna (the house of the Romanovs).

The subjects of the Confederation, on the basis of consensus, decide what functions of the authority to delegate to the Center, and not vice versa.

The State Duma and the Federation Council are abolished. Draft laws written by initiative citizens who have passed professional expertise are submitted for general voting via the Internet.

The financial activities of all religious faiths are carried out on the basis of transparency.

The Board of Directors of “Corporation Russia” presents for approval to shareholders the draft budget and quarterly reports, the Prime Minister may be dismissed on any date by a meeting of shareholders-citizens by voting on the Web. … Governments at the level of subjects and the Confederation are our employees.

Some points of the “Movement of the Resurrection” are useful to read without any abbreviations:

“An official assumes full financial transparency when taking office. Information on the expenses and incomes of any public official and his family members, from buying a car to a pack of condoms, automatically appears in the public domain”.

“A just court is the basis of statehood. The people need to give equal rights to the Russian elite, which has already chosen London as the capital of justice, and to introduce the English judicial system in Russia.”

“The universal right to create, disseminate and obtain information. Every citizen is provided by the state with access to the global information network (Internet), through which not only the free exchange of information, but also democracy is carried out”.

“Oil, gas, other natural resources belong not to the state, but to the people. All profits from the extraction of natural resources go not to the budget, but are divided equally among Russian citizens. In today’s prices, after the elimination of corruption schemes, each family will receive a monthly payment of about a thousand dollars only from the sale of oil and gas.”

“The Russian language is the answer to the national question. Everyone who passes the exam for fluency in Russian and knowledge of Russian culture, can become a citizen of Russia regardless of the place of his permanent residence. Thus, the citizenship policy will simultaneously become the international policy of Russia – a way of Russia’s expansion into the world through the export of the main and unique achievement of Russian civilization – the great Russian culture and the great Russian language.

The Russians are maximalists, and exactly what appears to be a utopia is most realistic in Russia, “Berdyaev wrote. Russia can not survive if it does not become liberal, but if Russia becomes liberal, it will be the most!

Christ is Risen!…”

Berezovsky writes two personal letters to V. Putin, with regrets about a lot of unpleasant things, and an expression of a wish to return to Russia (amnesty for money). While this message is being analyzed in the Kremlin and the Supreme Court, on March 23, 2013 in the house of his ex-wife (Berkshire county), Berezovsky finds his security guard, the former Israeli intelligence agent Mossad, hanged. The bathroom where the suicide occurred was allegedly locked from the inside, but this position is disputed by many authoritative sources. According to The Guardian, the ex-oligarch finds a broken rib.

Boris Berezovsky is buried according to Christian custom on a huge (350 thousand “places”) necropolis cemetery Brookwood (Surrey). The photo of the grave, which is represented here – all that is left of it in free use on the resource “Google”.

Private life. The first wife – Nina (Korotkova), the beginning of the seventies, two daughters. The second marriage – Galina (Besharova), 1991, daughter and son. In 1993, Galina went to the UK, filed for divorce and, thanks to the same English judicial system, reaches a record £ 200 million in compensation. The oligarch lives in a civil marriage with Elena Gorbunova, becomes the father of two more children and, in 2013, on a lawsuit from London, of course, pays, for all the feelings shown to him, a few million pounds more. Hobbies – theaters, restaurants, nightclubs.

From left to right: 1. Boris Yeltsin 2. Vladimir Putin 3. Alexy the Second, photo 1999

1. Boris Yeltsin. Birth – 1931, with. Bout of the Ural region (as it is quite usual then – in a family repressed and miraculously survived – peasant workers) … admission to the Ural Polytechnic Institute. S. Kirov… graduation from the university with the qualification “engineer-builder”. Theme of the thesis, if it is, you are interested in the friends – “Television towers”. In the trust “Uraltyazhtrubstroy” Boris Nikolayevich works as a joiner, concrete worker, plasterer, crane operator, foreman, foreman, site manager (1957). Since 1966, Yeltsin is the director of the Sverdlovsk House-Building Plant. After passing several more steps of the career ladder, the future President becomes secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU, responsible for the industrial development of the region, and later the first secretary of this regional committee. The post, approximately equal to the current situation of the governor, B. Yeltsin occupies until 1985. During this time, Boris Nikolaevich differs, in particular, by erecting the highest in the country, marble-covered 23-storey building of the regional committee of the CPSU (nicknamed “Tooth of Wisdom”) and, according to the decision of the Politburo, the demolition of the house of the Ipatievs (the place of execution of the royal family). In general, as an economic manager, B.N.E. shows itself not bad.

Since 1979, B. Yeltsin is a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1981, he also became a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1985, on the recommendation of Yegor Ligachev, secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, a prominent figure in “perestroika”, Boris Nikolayevich was transferred to Moscow, as secretary of the Central Committee for Construction.

At the end of the same significant year, B.N.E. occupies the post of first secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU. The company starts cleaning the Soviet and party apparatus (strange, but it’s really not the same thing), food fairs are organized, the demolition of historic buildings is prohibited, and the Day of the City begins to be celebrated. Also, Boris Yeltsin gets some popularity, and popularity among the people, thanks to demonstrative trips on public transport (followed by a swift “diving” into the official “Volga”), personal checks of shops, warehouses, etc. Since autumn 1987, the MP publicly criticizes the leadership of the party, the incipient “personality cult” of Mikhail Gorbachev, the slow pace of perestroika, and so on. A wave of counter criticism moves Yeltsin to “just” the post of USSR Minister for Construction. The next wave – the popular popularity, hears Boris Nikolayevich, through the step of the deputy from Moscow, to the heights of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In May 1990, Boris Nikolayevich was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. On June 12 of the same year, the Congress of People’s Deputies of the RSFSR adopted the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the RSFSR. This day, as is known, is now a state holiday of the Russian Federation. The political weight of Boris Yeltsin proper, in Russia, is rising. Exactly a month later BNE criticizes the party, Mikhail Gorbachev, and declares his withdrawal from the CPSU.

So, the start is given, and since August 1990, one after another, the republics of the USSR declare their sovereignty. Regions of the Russian Federation are broadcasting considerably, much more independence: the Komi, Adygea, Buryatia, the Gorno-Altaisk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Chuvashia, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tatarstan, and other national entities. The Russian Federation is on the verge of transformation into a confederation (such is, unusually for us, a loose one).

Be that as it may, MS Gorbachev wants to preserve the USSR – and, of course, with his post of President. The Fourth Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR (December 24, 1990) proposes a new draft of the Union Treaty.

In the meantime, ethnic Latvians, Lithuanians, do not want to wait for any bureaucratic procedures, and go to mass (50 thousand people) rallies. Only the faithful of the OMON are opposed to them. The assimilated, or simply apathetic Russians, do not show any noticeable activity. Bulky tanks when it comes to confronting such a continuous front, are not sufficient, reliable help. A total of six or ten people die, Latvia and Lithuania formally remain in the jurisdiction of the USSR, but… this is already an obvious wormhole in the body of the colossal state.

Boris Yeltsin sharply criticizes Gorbachev for the actions of the military, and suggests transferring all power to the Federation Council (the heads of the union republics). Slack response of Mikhail Sergeyevich – organization March 17, 1991 All-Union referendum on the renewal and preservation of the USSR. Yes, most citizens of the Soviet Union (except for the Baltic countries, Georgia, Moldova, Armenia) are “for”; but when such things are generally put to the vote, it is clear that, in any case, the final is close.

June 12, 1991, 57% of the votes “for”, Boris Yeltsin is elected President of Russia.

His first steps, it should be noted, seem quite reasonable. So, these are decrees “On Priority Measures for the Development of Education in the RSFSR” and “On the Termination of the Activity of the Organizational Structures of Political Parties and Mass Public Movements in State Bodies, Institutions and Organizations of the RSFSR”. Now, recall, there and there, in the executive state apparatus (which, it seems, should be neutral) is dominated by clearly expressed representatives of a particular party.

On August 20, the signing of the “Treaty on the Union of Sovereign States” is scheduled. The Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are expected to be updated beyond recognition of the USSR; Later, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine and Turkmenistan could join them.

Representatives of the original party elite disagree with this. They (and many, many very many citizens of the USSR) like the former, standard, fateful, early Brezhnev kind of the great Soviet Union. As is known, they organize the State Committee for the State of Emergency (State Emergency Committee), from August 18 to 21 seize power… television… But, fellow citizens, there are simply no bright, respected persons in the composition of this Committee. Leave at least one of them out of yourself, say a word about the great future and the past, repent of your mistakes, renounce sin (Stalin’s system of one-man rule) cry sobbingly – it would probably work. But these people are trying to save face, act in the style of the KGB, officially-formally-rude – and, of course, lose.

Gorbachev is trying to stay away from all this, but, despite this cautious policy, is losing the post of President of the USSR. A little later, he completely dropped out of the political struggle, declining for permanent residence abroad.

So, the signing of the Union Treaty breaks down. Formed by the Yeltsin CIS – the Union of Independent States, an absolutely pragmatic union of the eight former republics of the Soviet Union.

Yeltsin forms decrees on price liberalization, free trade, etc. Yes, this contributes to the filling of the consumer market with goods. But, the policy of the Central Bank, the Office with unknown beneficiaries, since 1990, a private, remaining and now a mystery to all publicists without exception, contributes to hyperinflation, a sharp decline in social payments, savings, and so on.

In 1993, the government of the Russian Federation, headed by Yeltsin, entered into a clinch with (blocking many presidential decrees) by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation. Recall that, sometime (May 1990), Boris Nikolayevich himself was the chairman of this supreme legislative body of the Russian Federation. At that time, people actively advocated the abolition of the Communist Party and (somehow it is mixed up) against the revival of the Soviet Union under the guidance of some unattractive gray persons from the security services. However, the Soviets, it is, ideally, the organ of the representation of the people themselves … something in common is quite another. So, although, the Bolshevik Soviets are too united (formally – since 1977), here the opinion of the people is divided almost fifty to fifty.

The conflict, as is known, is solved by the execution of the House of Soviets, 300 human victims, 3 or 4 burnt armored cars. Yeltsin wins. Activities of the Soviets of all levels are suspended. About this event, catastrophically fast, citizens of the Russian Federation forget.

…In June 1991, the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria was singled out of the Russian Federation. Mass genocide of all those inhabitants of the region who are not ethnic Chechens is unfolding. About 30 thousand people die.

Also, Chechens organize mass, literally, conveyor abductions of people in related areas of the Russian Federation – either by turning them into their home slaves, or by demanding a huge ransom payment.

All this in the media is not particularly advertised, but, for some unknown psychological channels, reaches the consciousness of the leaders of the Russian Federation. Yes, people all over the world should understand that crimes against the Russian people, sooner or later, even as if it is clumsy, and under other slogans, are severely suppressed.

On December 11, 1994, according to Yeltsin’s decree “On Measures to Restore Constitutional Legality and Law and Order in the Territory of the Chechen Republic”, federal forces will enter the territory of Chechnya. The territory of the republic is taken under control. Dying about 80 thousand people. Unfortunately, the action is not formalized, first of all, as the evacuation of the remaining (oppressed) non-Chechens, which leads to disorder in the minds of the residents of the Russian Federation, and to many foreign policy complications. In 1996, thanks to the conciliatory and conjunctural policy of the Russian leadership, Russian troops leave Chechnya. By itself, this republic, its population, of true Russia is completely alien, while preserving the state of things, Chechnya could get complete independence. As is known, the emphasis is not on social protection of the population, but on arms purchases, the aggression of Ichkeria into the adjacent subjects of the Russian Federation (Dagestan, etc.), terrorist attacks in the territory of the most central Russia, simply force the Kremlin to conduct a second military campaign (1999)…

Under Yeltsin, this undoubtedly respects freedom of speech. Boris Nikolayevich, the essence, not a villain. However, most print media, television, radio, fall under the control of these or other financial groups. You, dear reader, can yourself, if you will, trace where the roots of funding for one of your favorite newspapers, the news block on TV, go – and understand who exactly needs it.

In 1996, thanks to financial influences of Russian oligarchs, American advisors, etc., B. Yeltsin won again in the presidential election. It seems that his opponent, the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov himself is happy about this. Already deeply ill, Boris Nikolaevich pulls the power strap until 1999.

The rating of Russia in the international arena now… in general, we can say, is positive.

In 1999, NATO countries are carrying out point-bombings of Yugoslavia. The external reason for this action is the forced expulsion by the Serbs, the extremely unfriendly (settled by the weird Josip Broz Tito), … how many hundreds of thousands of Albanians from their (Serbian) ancestral lands (the province of Kosovo). However, the sight of a tear-stained child in the television camera of a world TV channel operator means at times many more official statements and realities of the time. Unsuscussed in a large-scale media struggle, Serbia loses this war. Boris Yeltsin does not like this situation, he threatens to aim nuclear missiles at the US again, but…

Perhaps, and the First World War, because of Serbia, for Russia is already quite enough.

In the same year, Yeltsin publicly appoints a successor (acting head of state), before that – the FSB director, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. It is worth recalling the last words of Yeltsin as President:

“I made a decision. Long and agonizing over it reflected. Today, on the last day of the passing century, I resign.”

Later, according to little studied psychological laws, this official statement is transformed into what is now known: “I’m tired. I’m leaving”.

Then Yeltsin lives on the government dacha, surrounded by pleasant luxury, asphalt with heating, and, count, dear friends, full of security. However, over time, his protege deprives Boris Nikolayevich of meetings with members of the government, and in general, of any other possibility, at leisure, to seriously influence anything in the world around him. The ex-president is dissatisfied with the curtailment of freedom of speech and the institution of elections… a new anthem of the Russian Federation, an old melody, but, to say something really valid, is no longer able. However, it seems, his supervision of what is happening in Russia, has a certain, very beneficial effect on the situation in the country.

Boris Nikolaevich dies in 2007, from cardiac arrest. To many, very many, the time of its voluntary exile (2000—2007) is now remembered as the golden age of the “zero” ones.

Private life. His wife is Anastasia (from the age of 25, officially Naina) Yosefovna Yeltsin (Girin), since her studies at the institute, two daughters.

2. Vladimir Putin. Birth – 1952, Leningrad, … life in a communal apartment without amenities… studying in a special school with a chemical bias on the basis of a technological institute. Continuing education, since 1970 – Law Faculty of Leningrad State University (acquaintance with its associate professor, Anatoly Sobchak), distribution to the State Security Committee (KGB). Work in the investigative department of the Leningrad KGB (5th Directorate, the fight against “ideological sabotage”), after retraining – a trip to Dresden (formal position – Director of the Dresden House of Friendship of the USSR-GDR). After the unification of Germany and, in fact, the loss of the meaning of further work under cover, Putin submits a report on dismissal from the KGB of the USSR (1991). The new place of service is the rector’s office of Leningrad State University, and also the Leningrad-Petersburg City Hall. Vladimir Putin’s terms of reference are the organization of the currency exchange in the Northern Capital, attracting investments, and much, much more. In 1995, VVP, already an official deputy mayor of Petersburg, heads the regional branch of the party “Our House – Russia”. Simultaneously, V.P. passes training on the program of the American National Democratic Institute of International Relations (NDI); created by the US government to “promote democracy in developing countries” (through the appropriate training of “reformist political activists”).

In 1997, V. Putin defended the thesis of candidate of economic sciences (something about planning the reproduction of the region’s mineral and raw materials base). Later it turns out (information is not verified in independent sources thoroughly) that 16 of the 20 key pages of V.P.P.‘s work have been compiled from the articles of the textbook “Strategic Planning and Politics” by professors-analysts of Pittsburgh University (USA). The main theme here is, as if – the merger of the leading corporations (“national champions”) with the vertical of power, and the implementation of state policy.

In 1996, Vladimir Putin holds the post of deputy administrator of the affairs of the President of the Russian Federation (Pavel Borodin), and later the head of the Main Control Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation. Since July 1998 V.P. becomes director of the Federal Security Service (FSB).

At 12 o’clock in the afternoon, 1999, the incumbent head of state Boris Yeltsin appoints Vladimir Putin as his successor (vice-president of the Russian Federation).

Since the beginning of zero, the country is filled with petrodollars. The price of oil rises from $ 20 in 2000 to $ 140 in 2008 (that is, 7 times). At the same time, the economic development curve in general is clearly repeating the rise in GDP growth rates of the country from 1997 to 2000. (with a short-term failure from GKOs). Thus, the successes (or failures) of President Putin’s economic policy are completely masked by the flow of free oil money. In general, the real average income of citizens from 2000 to 2013 is doubled ($ 17,500 per year): it’s true.