Kitabı oku: «English vocabulary in context», sayfa 7

Key

Match the words with the definitions.

Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. Self-actualised people maximise their potential by doing their best in all aspects of their lives.

2. William is a virtuous man; he would never accept a bribe or steal.

3. They waste their time and money on frivolous things.

4. Unfortunately, Tina and Erica’s short-lived friendship only lasted during their holiday, as they never saw each other again.

5. They enjoyed a trusting and stable working relationship, which lasted for more than two years.

6. The crowd began happily cheering when their team scored a goal.

7. Ted and Paul had a friendship of utility; they only met when they needed something from each other.

8. Susie is very agreeable because she is so friendly.

9. John is known for his exceptional conduct and friendly behaviour in the office.

10. Joe is very intelligent and bright as a button, so I’m pretty sure he’ll find a solution soon enough.

11. Paula asserted that Steve was the best person for the job.

12. Erica tried to pick up her cat, but it managed to break away from her arms.

13. Despite being new, Scott walked up to the manager bold as brass and told him exactly what he thought of the company.

14. David was often blunt and impolite and was strongly disliked because of his brusque manners.

15. Being astute and perceptive, Laura was able to assess the situation and make the right decision.

16. Being selfish is a vice that Julie needs to grow out of; there’s no need to be so self-centred.

17. I don’t really get along with my sister’s husband.

18. Why did you have to put me down in front of everybody like that?

19. Although both men pretended to be happy to see each other, their greeting lacked sincerity and was clearly not genuine.

20. A simple act of virtue, such as collecting donations for charity, can make a huge difference to someone’s life.

Unit 25

1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.

Personality traits are the unique characteristics that define a person. They can be good or bad, but they define us and shape our future.

An extrovert is someone who is cool as a cucumber in social settings and constantly craves attention. They are gregarious and love to hobnob with others. They are often effusive in their interactions and hanker after the thrill of meeting new people. Introverts, on the other hand, tend to hold their tongue in social situations and exchange no more than a few words with others. They may feel uncomfortable in social situations and may flinch at the thought of having to speak in public. They might gape at extroverts who seem so at ease in social situations, wondering how they do it. However, this doesn’t mean that introverts can’t be daring.

Some people might be dogmatic in their ways and hold onto their beliefs without any room for change or improvement. They may grimace at the thought of trying something new or emulating someone else’s methods. This kind of conceit can be harmful and prevent personal growth. It’s important to clarify misunderstandings or miscommunications with others. And remember, just because someone seems dull as ditchwater on the surface, it doesn’t mean they don’t have interesting habits and stories to share.

2. Match the words with the definitions.

3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. We’re so glad Peter got the role on the TV programme; he’s _____________________ after fame since he was a child.

2. The consultant _____________________ his point by going on to explain the reasons behind his actions.

3. The children _____________________ when they heard the loud bang in the street.

4. Terri _____________________ in pain when she stubbed her toe.

5. Surprisingly, Jack was not in the least nervous on his first day at work; in fact, he was _____________________.

6. Stuart is _____________________; all he ever does is ramble on about the same old boring things!

7. People view Bob as a _____________________ businessman because he isn’t afraid to take risks.

8. My supervisor is really _____________________ and often refuses to listen to any of our opinions.

9. My brother has the _____________________ of grinding his teeth; he often doesn’t even realize that he’s doing it!

10. Mark’s _____________________ became apparent in his arrogant attitude towards his friends.

11. Mandy is a _____________________ and sociable girl who enjoys going out with her friends.

12. Kevin _____________________ in disbelief at Peter’s remark; not believing what he had just heard.

13. The president seemed _____________________ during the press conference, and even cracked a few jokes.

14. It’s common for children to _____________________ the heroes they admire, by copying their actions.

15. In his speech, the supervisor was _____________________ in his praise for the workers, showing how satisfied he was with their level of work.

16. Given the small break they were allowed, the two consultants _____________________ with each other.

17. Employees are advised not to disclose information and _____________________ regarding confidential corporate issues.

18. During the conference, Mr. Henderson was seen _____________________ with distinguished people.

19. Colin is an _____________________ and always seems to enjoy being with people.

20. Ann _____________________ the limelight and has a strong desire to be a famous actress someday.

Key

Match the words with the definitions.

Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. We’re so glad Peter got the role on the TV programme; he’s hankered after fame since he was a child.

2. The consultant clarified his point by going on to explain the reasons behind his actions.

3. The children flinched when they heard the loud bang in the street.

4. Terri grimaced in pain when she stubbed her toe.

5. Surprisingly, Jack was not in the least nervous on his first day at work; in fact he was cool as a cucumber.

6. Stuart is dull as ditchwater; all he ever does is ramble on about the same old boring things!

7. People view Bob as a daring businessman because he isn’t afraid to take risks.

8. My supervisor is really dogmatic and often refuses to listen to any of our opinions.

9. My brother has the habit of grinding his teeth; he often doesn’t even realise that he’s doing it!

10. Mark’s conceit became apparent in his arrogant attitude towards his friends.

11. Mandy is a gregarious and sociable girl who enjoys going out with her friends.

12. Kevin gaped in disbelief at Peter’s remark; not believing what he had just heard.

13. The president seemed at ease during the press conference, and even cracked a few jokes.

14. It’s common for children to emulate the heroes they admire, by copying their actions.

15. In his speech, the supervisor was effusive in his praise for the workers, showing how satisfied he was with their level of work.

16. Given the small break they were allowed, the two consultants exchanged no more than a few words with each other.

17. Employees are advised not to disclose information and hold their tongue regarding confidential corporate issues.

18. During the conference, Mr Henderson was seen hobnobbing with distinguished people.

19. Colin is an extrovert and always seems to enjoy being with people.

20. Ann craves the limelight and has a strong desire to be a famous actress some day.

Unit 26

1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.

Have you ever met someone who is very laid-back and calm, but also meticulous in their work? These people are often very industrious and have a great work ethic. On the other hand, there are those who are impetuous and impulsive, making decisions without thinking them through. They may be described as having an impertinent attitude towards authority figures, which can lead to trouble.

Sometimes people can be inhibited or introverted, which means they may not always feel comfortable making small talk with others. This can cause irritation in social situations, especially if they are surrounded by people who are more outgoing. However, it’s important to remember that everyone has their own unique personality traits. Some people are known for not mincing their words, even if it may come across as insolent or obstinate. Others may paint a pretty picture of themselves, but their actions may show otherwise. It’s important to be aware of these tendencies in ourselves and others, as they can greatly affect our relationships and interactions with others.

If you ever find yourself in a situation where you need help, don’t be afraid to implore someone to assist you. It’s okay to ask for help when we need it, and it shows strength rather than weakness. Additionally, if we find ourselves feeling morose or down, it’s important to move away from negative thoughts and focus on the positive aspects of our lives.

Finally, some people may have a penchant for being impassive or emotionless. While this may seem like a negative trait, it can also be useful in situations where it’s important to remain calm and level-headed. Overall, it’s important to embrace our unique personalities and strive to become the best versions of ourselves.

2. Match the words with the definitions.

3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. Tom is somewhat _____________________ today; he seems very gloomy.

2. The secretary remained _____________________ throughout the meeting without showing any emotion whatsoever.

3. The salesman was so _____________________, adamantly refusing to lower the price.

4. The project manager was _____________________, and always worked extremely hard.

5. In most political speeches, the politicians try to _____________________ of the current situation in their country.

6. Sarah used to feel very socially _____________________ but eventually managed to overcome her shyness.

7. Rupert has a strong _____________________ for sailing, and really likes watching sailing races on television.

8. Robert is very good at _____________________ with people he doesn’t know at parties.

9. Nobody was surprised with Mr. Harris’s strict criticism as he was known for _____________________ his words.

10. Mr. Harris expressed his _____________________ at Melinda’s bad behavior; he was furious!

11. Mel is _____________________ for his bad temper, so everyone knows that it’s wise not to upset him.

12. Kate is an _____________________, and prefers to be alone rather than go out with friends.

13. Justin usually had a _____________________ attitude to his work and would often seem relaxed and carefree.

14. Jennifer is _____________________ with her work; she does everything very carefully.

15. Jake _____________________ the workers to work faster on the project, emphasizing the company’s need to meet the deadline.

16. Craig was both _____________________ and disrespectful to his friend.

17. Billy was sent to his room for being very _____________________ and rude to his mother.

18. Bill stepped back slightly to _____________________ Tim and allow him enough room.

19. Being _____________________ and impulsive, Scott regrets not having previously considered the effects of his actions.

20. As he was young and inexperienced, Michael was _____________________ and impetuous in most of his reactions.

Key

Match the words with the definitions.

Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. Tom is somewhat morose today; he seems very gloomy.

2. The secretary remained impassive throughout the meeting without showing any emotion whatsoever.

3. The salesman was so obstinate, adamantly refusing to lower the price.

4. The project manager was industrious, and always worked extremely hard.

5. In most political speeches, the politicians try to paint a pretty picture of the current situation in their country.

6. Sarah used to feel very socially inhibited but eventually managed to overcome her shyness.

7. Rupert has a strong penchant for sailing, and really likes watching sailing races on television.

8. Robert is very good at making polite small talk with people he doesn’t know at parties.

9. Nobody was surprised with Mr Harris’s strict criticism as he was known for not mincing his words.

10. Mr Harris expressed his irritation at Melinda’s bad behaviour; he was furious!

11. Mel is notorious for his bad temper, so everyone knows that it’s wise not to upset him.

12. Kate is an introvert, and prefers to be alone rather than go out with friends.

13. Justin usually had a laid-back attitude to his work and would often seem relaxed and carefree.

14. Jennifer is meticulous with her work; she does everything very carefully.

15. Jake implored the workers to work faster on the project, emphasizing the company’s need to meet the deadline.

16. Craig was both impertinent and disrespectful to his friend.

17. Billy was sent to his room for being very insolent and rude to his mother.

18. Bill stepped back slightly to move away from Tim and allow him enough room.

19. Being rash and impulsive, Scott regrets not having previously considered the effects of his actions.

20. As he was young and inexperienced, Michael was hasty and impetuous in most of his reactions.

Unit 27

1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.

Have you ever met someone who is always pessimistic? They have a tendency to see the negative side of things and are never happy with what they have. It’s not easy to be around such people, especially when they pout and scowl at everything and everyone. It is hard not to feel resentment towards them.

On the other hand, there are those who are proud as a peacock and always seem to have everything under control. They rub shoulders with the right people and know how to get ahead in life. These individuals are often shrewd and strong-willed, never letting anyone stand in their way. However, sometimes their smugness can make others feel uncomfortable, causing them to smirk or snort in disapproval.

Then there are those who are sentimental and wear their heart on their sleeve. They may spill the beans about their personal life without realizing it, making others squirm with discomfort. But despite their emotional tendencies, they are solid as a rock and always there for their friends and family.

Lastly, there are those who steer clear of drama and conflict, shrugging off any negativity that comes their way. They may appear stubborn as a mule, but in reality, they just don’t want to waste their time on things that don’t matter. When confronted with criticism, they simply retort with a calm and collected response.

In conclusion, we all have different personalities and ways of dealing with life’s challenges. Whether we are pessimistic or strong-willed, sentimental or shrewd, it’s important to respect each other’s differences and find common ground. After all, we’re all human beings trying to navigate through this crazy world together.

2. Match the words with the definitions.

3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. When Josh got promoted, he felt _____________________; he thinks he’s really special now!

2. When asked if he wanted to go out tonight, Larry _____________________ indifferently.

3. The more Mary was praised for her excellent work, the more she glowed in _____________________.

4. The little girl started _____________________ uncomfortably as her mother tried to brush her tangled hair.

5. The entertainment reporter often _____________________ with the famous stars at parties and events.

6. Sarah is very _____________________; she never gives up on her goals.

7. Mary has the _____________________ to talk too much when she is excited.

8. Kevin _____________________ so everyone knew about Mike’s plans for the surprise party.

9. Jack _____________________ in a very smug, unpleasant way when he heard my bad news.

10. If you are sensible, you’ll _____________________ of Ben for a while; he’s in a terrible mood at the moment.

11. Ian _____________________ at Wendy, giving her an angry look, when she refused to help him.

12. Throughout the firm’s problems, the sales team could depend on Andrew because they know he is _____________________.

13. Emma _____________________ in disapproval when she noticed her files had been left on the table.

14. Craig is quite _____________________; he always expects the worst to happen.

15. Cassie’s _____________________ at not having been invited to the meeting was obvious; she’s very bitter.

16. Being _____________________, Henry rarely admits to making any mistakes.

17. Being _____________________, Mary kept her daughter’s toys because they reminded her of how she felt at that time.

18. As a result of the director’s quick judgment and _____________________ decision-making, the company’s profits rose considerably.

19. Andrea _____________________ and sulked in the corner of the room when her mother refused to let her go out.

20. «How dare you say that!» Jeff _____________________ angrily.

Key

Match the words with the definitions.

Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. When Josh got promoted, he felt proud as a peacock; he thinks he’s really special now!

2. When asked if he wanted to go out tonight, Larry shrugged his shoulders indifferently.

3. The more Mary was praised for her excellent work, the more she glowed in smugness.

4. The little girl started squirming uncomfortably as her mother tried to brush her tangled hair.

5. The entertainment reporter often rubs shoulders with the famous stars at parties and events.

6. Sarah is very strong-willed; she never gives up on her goals.

7. Mary has the tendency to talk too much when she is excited.

8. Kevin spilt the beans so everyone knew about Mike’s plans for the surprise party.

9. Jack smirked in a very smug, unpleasant way when he heard my bad news.

10. If you are sensible, you’ll steer clear of Ben for a while; he’s in a terrible mood at the moment.

11. Ian scowled at Wendy, giving her an angry look, when she refused to help him.

12. Throughout the firm’s problems, the sales team could depend on Andrew because they know he is solid as a rock.

13. Emma snorted in disapproval, when she noticed her files had been left on the table.

14. Craig is quite pessimistic; he always expects the worst to happen.

15. Cassie’s resentment at not having been invited to the meeting was obvious; she’s very bitter.

16. Being stubborn as a mule, Henry rarely admits to making any mistakes.

17. Being sentimental, Mary kept her daughter’s toys because they reminded her of how she felt at that time.

18. As a result of the director’s quick judgement and shrewd decision-making, the company’s profits rose considerably.

19. Andrea pouted and sulked in the corner of the room when her mother refused to let her go out.

20. «How dare you say that!» Jeff retorted angrily.

Unit 28

1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.

In life, it is important to strike a balance between work and rest. While it may be tempting to pull out all the stops and work long hours to make a profit, it is essential to also take time for oneself and ponder what truly makes one happy.

One of the biggest burdens that people face in their professional lives is the pressure to be prosperous. This often leads to unethical behavior, such as plagiarism or pulling strings to get ahead. However, it is important to remember that success does not always have to come at the expense of others. By working hard and pulling your weight, you can radiate positivity and inspire others to do the same.

It’s also important to know when to strike a bargain. Negotiating is an essential skill in both personal and professional settings. Knowing how to compromise can be very profitable in the long run. At times, we may find ourselves in situations where we need a referee to help us resolve conflicts. This can be uncomfortable, but it is an essential part of maintaining healthy relationships both in and out of the workplace.

To achieve success, we often need to strike out on our own and take risks. This can be scary, but it’s necessary for personal growth and prosperity. However, we should also be mindful of the delicate balance between risk-taking and being cautious.

Of course, not every risk will pay off. Sometimes, we may need to pull a new plan out of a hat. This can be frustrating, but it is important to stifle any negative feelings and stay focused on finding a solution. And when things do go well, it is important to strike while the iron is hot and capitalize on any opportunities that arise. By staying true to ourselves and our values, we can navigate even the most difficult situations and come out stronger on the other side.

2. Match the words with the definitions.

3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. _____________________ and copying other people’s work is strictly forbidden.

2. Air pollution and vehicle emissions create _____________________ for the planet that harm ecosystems.

3. All factors indicate that software companies will have a _____________________ and _____________________ future.

4. Both Tim’s director and supervisor told him to _____________________ if he wanted to be considered for promotion.

5. Collaboration requires _____________________ between cooperation and communication.

6. Coral is _____________________ for all marine life in tropical regions; it’s a crucial part of the ecosystem.

7. Emily _____________________ determination and self-assurance; she looks so professional!

8. Employees are expected to have a post-graduate degree, as it is a _____________________ qualification for most positions within this company.

9. Evelyn didn’t want me to _____________________ for her, and preferred to be offered the job on her own.

10. I can’t just _____________________! We don’t have the resources!

11. In most cases, it’s important to take care of a problem as soon as you can and _____________________.

12. It’s important not to _____________________ artistic skills in children and let them express themselves freely.

13. Jessica preferred to _____________________, rather than to open a joint firm with her friend.

14. John occasionally _____________________ the possibility of setting up his own business, wondering what it would be like.

15. Mr. Jones demanded that Sandra _____________________ and start doing her share of the work.

16. A judge is acting as _____________________ in the pay dispute between the trade union and management.

17. The company is highly _____________________; sales have generated huge revenue.

18. The company was able to successfully _____________________ over the purchase of advanced software.

19. The workers _____________________, in their effort to meet the deadline.

20. Turtles nest in _____________________ habitats that can be damaged very easily.