Kitabı oku: «Brush Up On Your English, фразовые глаголы, учебник. Учебник и рабочая тетрадь для годового курса изучения фразовых глаголов», sayfa 4
♦ A USEFUL DIET
I said to myself, «It’s enough!» I have to stock up on1 fruit and vegetables and forget about junk food. I am not going to be on a diet, but I have to avoid rich and fatty products. I won’t skimp on2 healthy foods. I know I splashed out3 on some new clothes for my children last month and ran up a huge bill. They were selling them off4 at half price and I couldn’t help buying. I snapped up a bargain. I know the next day all the clothes were sold out! So I think a lack of money is now a good chance for me to think how to stay in shape and keep fit. I do want to be slim and slender.
1 stock up on smth – закупаться, запасаться ч-л.
2 skimp on smth – экономить на ч-л., скупиться, ужиматься
3 splash smth out (on) – не жалеть деньги на ч-л., транжирить
4 sell smth off – распродавать со скидкой ч-л.
• EXERCISE
1. В Германии жители часто закупаются едой перед продолжительными праздниками, так как все магазины обычно закрыты.
2. Я никогда не экономлю на фруктах, потому что я их обожаю!
3. Не транжирь деньги на всякую фигню!
4. Эти джинсы довольно новые, и их быстро распродали.
***
1. In Germany people often stock up on some food before the long holidays since all the shops are usually closed.
2. I never skimp on fruit because I adore it!
3. Don’t skimp on rubbish, man!
4. These jeans are quite old and were sold out quickly.
Вспомните несколько фразовых глаголов и приведите их синонимы из заимствованных слов.
Пример: To bring up – to educate
Cоставьте рассказ о себе со всеми фразовыми глаголами. После проверки – запишите на диктофон в телефоне (планшете, компьютере) и, слушая себя, выучите наизусть.
LESSON 7. EXCLAMATIONS, COMMANDS AND WARNINGS
1. EXPRESSIONS
1. Wow! You look great! – Ух ты! Классно выглядишь!
2. Amazing! It’s so beautiful! – Обалдеть! Так красиво!
3. Oh my God! I forgot my keys again – О боже! Я снова забыла ключи.
4. Shut up! You are driving me crazy! – Заткнись! Ты бесишь меня!
5. Holy Christ! He cheated on me! – Чёрт побери! Он изменял мне!
6. Just imagine! Five bucks, it’s dirt cheap. – Ты только представь! Пять баксов – это же даром!
7. Awesome! It’s clearance sale – Потрясно! Это же полная распродажа.
8. You won’t believe it! He proposed to me! – Ты не поверишь! Он сделал мне предложение!
2. TONGUE TWISTER
· DON’T TROUBLE TROUBLE UNTIL TROUBLE TROUBLES YOU
3. IDIOM
Julie’s birthday was coming and Bill offered to throw a party at a small hotel. He knew what to do, as he’d organized one the year before.
«Ladies and Gentlemen – instead of buying unwanted gifts, would you mind chipping in? We won’t trouble your parents,» he asked. Julie liked the idea, but she was worried about the money.
«Are you sure they will all club together? Renting a hotel hall is not cheap. How much was it for your birthday last year?» she asked. Bill had barely answered when the door opened and little Reece turned up. There was silence in the room.
«Don’t be a chicken! I won’t give you away to our parents. But I want a piece of the action, as mother says’, demanded Reece and held out his piggybank.
«Oh, it’s very you, Reece’, sighed Julie, but Bill was more optimistic:
«Well done, boy! You are in!» he said and patted the little one’s head.
· A PIECE OF THE ACTION / быть в доле, поучаствовать в деле
4. TEXTS
♦ IN SHORT
Pupil, «Sir, I just wanted to ask you a couple of questions.
Teacher, «Fine. No problem. Fire away!»1
Girl, «I am afraid of failing Maths tomorrow and feel so awful at the moment.
Her roommate, «Oh, lighten up2, will you! You’ll just bring everyone down!»
She, «Joanna wants you to talk to her on the phone.»
He, «Joanna? On the phone? Hang on/Hold on!3 Who’s Joanna? Is she someone I know?»
Boy, «I feel like killing Jim! He set me up4!»
His father, «Steady on!5 I know he acted stupidly, but he was annoyed and in reality, he’s not a bad person.»
Son, «I’ve got a problem at school. Will you promise to take it easy on me?»
His father, «Come on! Spit it out!6 What awful things have you done again?»
Student, «I tried my best to find the book, but failed. It was not available in our e-library either.»
Teacher (smiling), «Come off it!7 If you’d tried, you could have just opened your lecture notes and looked at the links I referred you to.»
1 fire away! – Валяй, говори! / (Ну) давай! / Выкладывай!
2 lighten up! – Не парься! / Да ладно тебе! / Хватит уже!
3 hang on/hold on! – Постой / Подожди!
4 set smb up – Подставить к-л.
5 steady on! – Не торопись! / Подожди! / Не спеши с выводами!
6 spit it out! – Давай, выкладывай! / Говори! / Давай, говори, не стесняйся!
7 come off it! – Да ну! / Правда, что ли? / Хватит врать! / Прекрати!
♦ STEP ON IT!
When he started up the engine, she nervously said:
«Step on it!8 We’re late’. Just a few meters walk away, an elderly couple were crossing the road at the traffic lights.
«Watch out!9» he answered pointing ahead through the windshield. «The traffic lights are against us. All I need is to lose my license now’.
As the green light showed, she demanded again:
«Damn it!10 Go on!11Hurry up!12 We’ve not got all day! If we are late, I’ll die. I can’t wait’.
«Just belt up13, will you!» he shouted and revved up the engine. When the well-known huge logotype showed up at the end of the street, she bit her lip trembling with impatience:
«Come on!14 Come on!» and jumped out of the car as it drew up to the kerb in front of the luxury glass doors.
«Take your time!15 Mind out!16 Watch your step!17 Oh, please, go easy on them!18» he was begging, trying to keep up with her.
«Come along!19» she said over her shoulder while walking. «Excuse me, where is the make-up department?» she asked the first shop assistant she ran into. «I heard that there’s a Christmas sale.»
«Oh, I’m sorry, ma’am, there must be some mistake,» the girl replied. «We have no make-up department. This is a computer electronics store. We sell mobile phones, tablet PCs and other IT gadgets’.
«Oh my God! What a bummer!» Jennifer said… «Forget it!20 Let it go. Thank you for your help!» she turned round to her husband who shook his head and sighed.
«Calm down!21 Take it easy!22 Better luck next time, I hope’, he said and wandered slowly past.
8 step on it! – поднажми! / жми на газ!
9 watch out! – осторожно!
10 damn it! – чёрт побери!
11 go on! – давай, вперёд!
12 hurry up! – поторопись!
13 just belt up – заткнись!
14 come on! – давай же!
15 take your time! – не спеши!
16 mind out! – осторожно!
17 watch your step! – смотри под ноги!
18 go easy on them! – полегче с ними!
19 come along! – догоняй!
20 forget it! – забудь!
21 calm down! – успокойся!
22 take it easy! – не расстраивайся!
♦ KEEP IT UP
«I want to take part in the final heat. It’ll be a real challenge to me.»
«Don’t worry!23 You’re at your best! Hang in there!24»
«You’ve run the first half. You’re doing very well! Keep it up25!»
23 don’t worry! – Не волнуйся! / Не беспокойся!
24 hang in there! – Держись там!
25 keep it up! – Так держать!
♦ UNLUCKY ROBBERS
«Hey! Look out!26 The steps are crumbling and rotten. You’d be better off not going upstairs!»
«Oh my god! It hurts!27 You were right! I seem to have twisted my ankle. I can barely walk on it!»
«You, dimwit! Bite the bullet!28 I’m not carrying you.»
«I saw a bike by the fence. Maybe I could take it and ride off?»
«Sure, go ahead!29»
26 look out! – осторожно! / внимательно! / смотри!
27 it hurts! – (как) больно!
28 bite the bullet! – терпи! / держись!
29 go ahead! – давай! / вперёд/ делай!
♦ COGNITION COMES THROUGH COMPARISON
«All they concentrate on in the day-centre, is saying «Eat up!’30 or «Drink up!’31 or «What am I going to do with the leftovers?» Nightmare. «Mustn’t grumble!32 Get it out of your head!’33 The nanny is awful, but the autumn is awesome. Lighten up!»
«I can’t. It’s terrible. When I sneeze, no one says «Bless you!34» I heard her complaining yesterday «They pissed me off!35» She called us «Old farts.»
«That’s what we are, old chap. Never mind!36 The worst is yet to come. So take your pills and a well-earned rest. Unlike me, at least you can walk out of here. Enjoy yourself37!
30 eat up! – доедай
31 drink up! – допивай
32 mustn’t grumble! – скулить не надо
33 get it out of your head! – не бери в голову
34 bless you! – будьте здоровы
35 piss smb off – достать/ доставать / надоедать к-л.
36 never mind! – ничего страшного!
37 enjoy yourself! – наслаждайся!
♦ HILARIOUS
Singer: «Take it away38, maestro! One, two, three!»
A pianist starts playing. As the song comes to the chorus, the singer encourages the audience: «Come on everyone – sing together39!
38 take it away! – начинаем! / поехали!
39 sing together! – подпеваем! / хором! / все вместе!
♦ SEARCH ME
Mother: Sonny, where are my keys?
Her son: Search me!40 I’m going out now.
Mother: Wait!41 Have you done your homework for tomorrow?
Her son: You’re like a broken record42. Quit nagging me!43 I’ll do it later. Get over it!44
Mother: You, stupid kid! I’ll sort you out45 when you get back!
40 search me! – откуда я знаю?
41 wait! – стой! / подожди!
42 a broken record – опять одно и то же! / опять за старое!
43 quit nagging me! – хватит ко мне приставать!
44 get over it! – забудь! / «забей!»
45 sort smb out – разобраться с к-л. / показать к-л. ч-л.
♦ DREAMS AND REALITY
Brian: It’s already April. Roll on46 July! Can’t wait for it to get here. We are going to spend our holiday on Bali.
Jennifer: Dream on!47 It costs a fortune. Where will you get that kind of money?
Brian: You’ve got to be joking? I work hard and save every month.
Jennifer: Really? That’s laugh!48 A dollar a month? Your paintings don’t pay the bills. Talent never pays the bills. It’s me who does! So grow up!49 Straighten up and fly right!50 You are not a student anymore. Find a better job and start earning some money.
Brian: Hold on!51 I could borrow it from the Stevensons…
Jennifer: Cut it out!52 You are talking crap. Who’ll pay it back then? My mother was right – you’re nothing, but a lazy bastard and I shouldn’t have married you.
Brian: Cut it out, will you! You and your mother are always having a go at me and my patience is wearing thin.
Jennifer: Bollocks! Don’t tell me I’ve insulted you? Go on! Don’t tell me you’re insulted.
Brian: Shut up! I’m off to paint another picture. Leave me alone!
Jennifer: Thick as two short planks. Don’t worry, genius, I’ll leave you in peace. After all, someone’s got to do the shopping and cooking, haven’t they?
46 roll on (July)! – скорей бы уже (июль)! / когда же наступит (июль)?
47 dream on! – мечтай! / размечтался!
48 that’s laugh! – не смеши (меня)!
49 grow up! – подрасти! / пора взрослеть!
50 straighten up and fly right – возьмись за ум!
51 hold on! – ну-ка подожди! / сейчас, подожди! / секундочку!
52 cut it out! – да брось ты уже! / хватит уже! / прекрати!
♦ HANDS OFF!
Boy: Give me the lolly pop! I want it!
Girl: It’s mine! Don’t touch it!54 Get off!55
Boy: Easy, easy! You might rip my t-shirt.
Girl: Hands off!56
Teacher: Hey, kids! Keep it down!57
I can’t hear what the bus driver’s saying.
Boy: Did you hear her? Shut up!58
Girl: You, loony, belt up59 and push off!60 It’s my candy!
Teacher: Calm down61, kids! We are getting on the bus. Come along!62
54 don’t touch it! – не трогай!
55 get off! – отстань!
56 hands off! – убери (прочь)!
57 keep it down! – хватит орать! / заткнитесь!
58 shut up! – заткнись!
59 belt up! – захлопнись! / закройся!
60 push off! – отвали! / вали отсюда!
61 calm down! – успокойся!
62 come along! – не отставайте! / идём все вместе!
Вспомните несколько фразовых глаголов и приведите их синонимы из заимствованных слов.
Пример: To bring up – to educate
Cоставьте рассказ о себе со всеми фразовыми глаголами. После проверки – запишите на диктофон в телефоне (планшете, компьютере) и, слушая себя, выучите наизусть.
LESSON 8. FOOD AND DRINK
1. EXPRESSIONS
1. I feel like drinking a cup of coffee. – Я бы не прочь выпить чашечку кофе.
2. My belly is rumbling. – У меня в животе урчит.
3. Would you like to have a meal? – Не хотите поесть?
4. Let’s have a snack somewhere. – Давай перекусим где-нибудь.
5. I’m thirsty and dying for some water. – В горле пересохло, ужасно хочется воды.
2. TONGUE TWISTER
· HOW CAN A CLAM CRAM IN A CLEAN CREAM CAN?
3. IDIOM
My granny used to tell me she had to go to the market every day to buy fresh meat and vegetables for dinner. It was before the refrigerator was invented. Traditionally, eating was something that all family members did together because there was no chance to grab a bite or have a snack on the go like nowadays. In the past, most parents insisted that the whole family sat around the dining table at a certain time. They prayed and tried to act politely while eating. Even my mother used to tell me, «When my lunch is at its peak, I’m deaf and mute, so please don’t speak.» I can’t hear it today among my friends, and it is most unlikely that I will say it to my kids.
Technical inventions have dramatically changed our habits and behaviour. Usually we watch TV, smartphones or tablet PCs while we eat; we don’t share breakfast and lunch with our family and eat at different times. Microwaves have changed the way we cook and today it’s easy to do it in seconds without having to wait until your parents come back home from work. I know that it’s very rare for a lot of my friends’ families to sit at the table together and share their news over a good meal. Moreover, the thought of cooking for someone at home makes them nervous and anxious, for guests in particular. If it happens, the day turns into a nightmare and the hosts don’t feel happy at all. So, most prefer having snacks and lunch outside and ordering pizza or other convenience food has become quite natural. That’s why, times change, but not necessarily for the better.
· TIMES CHANGE, BUT NOT NECESSARILY FOR THE BETTER / времена меняются, но необязательно к лучшему
4. TEXTS
♦ I LIKE TO COOK
I like throwing a dinner party for my friends. Yesterday I prepared a chicken casserole and put it in the freezer to make sure it did not go off1. I took it out of the freezer in the morning and defrosted it2. Then I put the chicken on3 and made a salad of lettuce, cheese, pickled carrot and ham. I heated up4 the casserole, making sure that it did not boil over5 and asked my boyfriend to pop out6 for some drinks.
1 go off – портиться
2 defrost smth – размораживать ч-л, оттаивать
3 put smth on – (по-) ставить готовиться ч-л.
4 heat smth up – подогревать, нагревать ч-л.
5 boil over – «убегать», переливаться через край
6 pop out (for smth) – выскакивать, выбегать, отбегать за ч-л. (ненадолго)
· EXERCISE
1. Молоко плохо пахнет. Думаю, оно испортилось.
2. Курица заморожена. Положи её, пожалуйста, в микроволновку, чтобы разморозить.
3. Я не могу поставить готовиться свинину, так как на плите суп.
4. Не могли бы вы подогреть это, пожалуйста?
5. Убавь газ до минимума на конфорке, вода может убежать через край (перелиться).
6. Ты не против, если я выскочу в магазин?
***
1. The milk smells bad. Yes, I think it has gone off.
2. The chicken is frozen. Could you put it in the microwave to defrost it, please?
3. I can’t put pork on since there is soup on the hob.
4. Could you heat it up, please?
5. Turn the gas down very low on your burner, the water can boil over.
6. Do you mind me popping out to the shop?
♦ THE BIRTHDAY PARTY
The birthday was great, my mother helped me set the table and handed round1 plates with snacks and salad. My brother poured out2 drinks. As anyone needed a refill, he immediately came up and topped up3 their glasses. I served the main dish and all my friends dug in to4 pork and mashed potatoes. It was Daisy who didn’t touch her food.
«Why are you picking at5 the salad?» my brother asked her.
«Now she’s gonna say she pigged out6 on pizza this morning’, her boyfriend said gleefully and winked at him. «She thinks she needs to lose weight. So she has to cut down on7 fatty food’.
Soon he polished off8 both plates and happily smiled. He said it went well with8 the salad, and everyone agreed. I started passing biscuits and gateau round10 while everyone else went outside to chat and let their dinner digest.
1 hand/pass smth round – разносить, раздавать ч-л.
2 pour out smth – разливать ч-л.
3 top up smth – подливать, доливать ч-л.
4 dig in (to) smth – набрасываться на ч-л.
5 pick at smth – ковырять (-ся), возить (по тарелке)
6 pig out smth – объедаться, обжираться ч-л.
7 cut down (on) smth – снижать, уменьшать ч-л. (потребление)
8 polish off smth – «вылизывать» ч-л.
9 go well with smth – идти, подходить, соответствовать ч-л.
10 pass smth round – передавать, раздавать ч-л.
• EXERCISE
1. Не мог бы ты раздать тарелки, пожалуйста?
2. Ну и кто тут будет разливать выпивку?
3. У вас в бокале почти нет вина. Вы не против, если я подолью вам?
4. Следи за своим поведением, не набрасывайся на еду, как будто ты голодный!
5. Ну чего ты ковыряешься в тарелке (возишь по тарелке)?
6. Слушай, я обожрался, как свинья.
7. Тебе надо поменьше пить кофе, и курить сигарет, и соблюдать сбалансированную диету.
8. Мы смели еду (с тарелок) в мгновение ока.
9. Красное вино подходит к этой рыбе?
***
1. Could you hand the plates round, please?
2. Well, who’s gonna pour the drinks out?
3. You’ve got almost no wine in your glass. Would you mind me topping up your glass?
4. Mind your manners, don’t dig into the meal as if you’ve not eaten for a week!
5. Why are you picking at her plate?
6. Listen, I’ve pigged out.
7. You need to cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and eat a balanced diet.
8. We polished off our meal in a blink of an eye.
9. Does red wine go with this kind of fish?
♦ NOTHING TO EAT
As we had nothing to eat the next day, I decided to get a takeaway1. I ordered a sea-food pizza, my favourite. My brother says that I live on2 pizza because I adore it and eat it so often. I don’t argue because we have no leftovers3. He will have to put up with my choice. I can’t be bothered cutting up4 onion, taking off5 tomato skins, chopping, boiling and frying all that in the morning. No way! I’m not cut out for it!
1 a takeaway – еда на вынос
2 live on (off) smth – зависеть от, жить за счёт к-л.
3 leftovers – остатки (еды)
4 cut smth up – нарезать ч-л.
5 take smth off – счищать, снимать, удалять ч-л.
• EXERCISE
1. Ты часто заказываешь еду на вынос?
2. Он живёт на одном кофе, я думаю. Я никогда не видел его без чашки кофе.
3. Вы выбрасываете остатки после еды или отдаёте питомцам?
4. Ненавижу резать лук, потому что у меня от него текут слёзы.
5. Я не снимаю кожицу с помидоров ножом, а просто обдаю их кипятком и кожица сразу слазит.
***
1. Do you often have to get a takeaway when working?
2. He lives on coffee, I guess. I never saw him without a cup of coffee.
3. Do you throw leftovers away after a meal or feed pets?
4. I hate cutting up onion as it brings tears to my eyes.
5. I don’t take the skins off tomatoes with a knife, I just pour boiling water over them and the skins peel off at once.
♦ ENJOY YOUR FOOD
When you’re in a hurry, you don’t chew, and instead you gobble your food down1. If you want to enjoy it, you have to take time. I don’t remember the taste of what we were eating while serving in the Navy, we just wolfed it down2 and that’s it. Now I can afford to eat out3 every day, but my wife likes to eat in4 and I have to admit she has a knack for5 cooking! On Saturday mornings, we usually send out for6 fish sandwiches and a nice tiramisu cake. Sometimes our friends call us, and we have them round7 and serve up8 something special. While I’m barbecuing, my wife slices pizza up9 and lets everyone help themselves to10 what they want.
I know that Mike and Jenny, our neighbours, cut meat out11 entirely from their diet. They both have gastric ulcers and meat causes stabbing pains in their stomachs. It does not agree with12 them, so my wife usually cooks steamed vegetables and chicken for them. That goes well with olives and lettuce. I think we have to follow them if we want to feel healthier. They say a lot of raw vegetables can fill me up13 even though I suspect it’s not true, but my wife thinks vegetables can help her stay slim and she won’t put on14 weight. She says I can put away15 three steaks, a pizza and some beer in one meal, and it’s unhealthy. Of course, it’s much better be off picking at a salad for half an hour pretending it’s so delicious. Oh, those women!
1 gobble smth down – проглатывать ч-л., глотать ч-л., не пережёвывая
2 wolf smth down – сметать, проглатывать ч-л.
3 eat out – питаться не дома
4 eat in – питаться дома
5 have a knack for smth – иметь талант к ч-л., быть мастером в ч-л.
6 send out for smth – заказывать на дом ч-л.
7 have smb round – приглашать в гости к-л.
8 serve up / serve food – готовить, предлагать ч-л., обслуживать
9 slice smth up – нарезать ч-л.
10 let everyone help themselves to – помогать раскладывать по тарелкам
11 cut smth out – исключать ч-л.
12 agree (disagree) with smth – подходить к ч-л./быть вредным
13 fill smth up – наедаться ч-л.
14 put on smth – набирать (вес)
15 put/tuck smth away – уплетать ч-л.
